DE102014003702A1 - Apparatus for comminuting foreign bodies in a liquid - Google Patents

Abstract

The device relates to a device for comminuting foreign bodies in a liquid, in particular in a manure, with a housing (2) having inlet and outlet openings (4; 6) and a comminution passage (Z) with a comminutor (50) and a comminutor (50) associated sieve (10). An improved usability device according to the present invention has a bypass passage (B) formed in the housing (2) allowing flow between the inlet and outlet ports (4; 6) with the filter (10) omitted; movable flap (46) with which either the crushing passage (Z) and / or the bypass passage (B) can be closed.

Description

The present invention relates to a device for comminuting foreign bodies in a liquid. In particular, the present invention relates to a device for comminuting foreign bodies in a manure. The device has inlet and outlet openings, which are recessed on a housing. A shredder associated with a screen is received in the housing and defines a comminuting passageway through the housing together with the screen.

Such a device for crushing is for example from the EP2 428 275 A2 known. Generic devices serve to avoid the transport of foreign bodies with sucked manure. It should be spared in particular the downstream of the shredder in the flow direction pump. It should be avoided that entrain entrained with the sucked liquid manure enter the sphere of action of the pump and there lead to a deadlock, possibly to a destruction of the pump.

Thus, it is known from the prior art to assign a shredder, in particular in the form of a rotating blade, directly to the sieve, so that larger particles which are stuck in the sieve are chopped by the shredder and either separated or entrained in comminuted form with the sucked liquid become. In any case, the foreign bodies should be crushed so far that they cause no damage and no impairment even when entrained by the liquid in the pump there. The size of the entrained foreign bodies is determined by the width of the sieve openings.

Generic devices, as well as the rest of the device according to the invention, are used in particular in agriculture. They are for example mounted on a tank truck, which transports manure and discharged through which manure. This tanker or semi-trailer may have its own pump to suck the manure. Alternatively, the device may also be located upstream of a biogas plant in order to deposit the unwanted foreign bodies when sucking the liquid manure into the biogas plant or to avoid the entry of the foreign bodies into the biogas plant and its pump.

In the known devices for comminuting foreign bodies, the smooth functioning of the crusher is a necessary condition for the passage of liquid through the crusher. On the other hand, the present invention aims to provide a generic device for crushing foreign bodies with improved effectiveness.

In view of this problem, the present invention proposes a device for crushing foreign matters having the features of claim 1. The device according to the invention differs from the prior art by a bypass passage which is formed in the housing of the comminuting device. This bypass passage allows a flow between the inlet and outlet opening with the sieve omitted. Accordingly, in the device according to the invention within the housing of the same a flow of liquid between the inlet and the outlet opening of the housing is possible, which does not necessarily have to pass through the sieve. For the sieve is in the device according to the invention a considerable resistance within the flow passage through the device for crushing. However, there are quite cases in which the piping for passing the liquid, especially the manure, should remain unchanged, but the manure without the need a crushing can be promoted. Such a necessity arises, for example, in conveying manure, which has already been treated with respect to the foreign bodies, so that the foreign matter remaining at most in the liquid can not give rise to any danger to the pump and other parts of the plant which are downstream. It is also conceivable that the device is operated so that in the flow direction behind the device for crushing no pump or plant parts are provided, which can be affected by possibly entrained coarser foreign body. All of these considerations are taken into account by the device according to the invention for comminuting foreign bodies by also defining a bypass passage within the housing. Thus, the piping can remain at the inlet and outlet openings of the housing without the liquid pumped through the housing must pass through the screen, resulting in a significant pressure drop, possibly even clogging of the screen.

The device according to the invention for comminuting foreign bodies also has a movable flap. With this, either the crushing passage and / or the bypass passage can be closed.

The flap is preferably designed so that it moves the crushing passage in a first place and laid the bypass passage in a second position. Thus, a single flap can be used to lay either the crushing passage or the bypass passage and thus the flow through the each other passage to force through. Preferably, however, the flap is designed so that it moves the crushing passage in a first position and releases the bypass passage in this first position and in a second position releases the crushing passage and relocated the bypass passage. The further developed in this way flap has a corresponding double function, so that they not only the one passage, ie, for example, the crushing passage, laid or released, but also in the one passage releasing position relocates the other passage.

As a "flap" in the context of the present invention, any movable organ, which is suitable to lay a flow passage can be considered. The movable member may have a plurality of movable parts movable relative to each other. The flap can be arranged translationally and / or rotationally movable. Accordingly, a "flap" in the sense of the present invention can also be a "slide". In addition to the two mentioned positions, it is readily possible to adjust the flap in predetermined intermediate positions in order to adapt the flow resistance within the housing according to individual needs or to allow flows through both the bypass passage and through the crushing passage.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inlet opening opens directly into a crushing housing. The crushing housing is in the usual wiring and arrangement of the device for crushing debris in a flow path for conveying liquid, in particular manure, in the gravitational field of the earth below the inlet opening, so that not only the liquid with the gravitational field of the earth introduced into the crushing housing is, but also heavier foreign objects, such as stones or metal body, fall down through the crushing housing. On both sides next to the crushing housing and within the housing of the device according to the invention for the comminution of foreign bodies channels are provided. These channels are usually in the flow direction behind the sieve of the crusher. Thereafter, the crusher has two, each to one of the channels, leading sieves. These screens are usually each directly associated with separate shredders in the form of rotating cutting devices. Thus, the introduced through the inlet opening liquid can be divided in the crushing housing and discharged through two typically identically shaped sieves from the crushing housing. The channels are correspondingly lateral, d. h., laterally to the crushing housing. Each of the channels preferably has a comminution passage each for itself. This is usually located approximately at the level of a bypass passage, which is recessed on the crushing housing. These passages, in accordance with the preferred further embodiment of the present invention, are associated with wings of a double-skinned flap which in a first position release the respective shredding passages and route the bypass passage and in the second position release the shredding passages and route the bypass passage. In this case, preferably one comminution passage is assigned to each one wing of the double-leaf flap. This embodiment makes it possible to realize the device according to the invention with little design effort. In addition, approximately equally effective flow cross sections for the bypass passage on the one hand and the crushing passage on the other. Accordingly, in the crushing operation in which entrained foreign matter must be crushed, the apparatus can be passed through at the same effective flow diameter as in a bypass mode in which the screen and a rotating cutter are bypassed.

In this embodiment, preferably both the comminution passage and the bypass passage lead to a common outlet chamber, which is preferably immediately upstream in the flow direction of the outlet opening of the housing. In this discharge chamber, the liquid passed through the crushing casing is supplied toward the discharge port. In an operation of the device in the crushing mode usually in this outlet chamber, the two partial streams, which are led out through the two crushing passages out of the channels, united in the outlet chamber and thereafter passed out of the device.

According to a preferred further embodiment of the present invention, the housing is designed pressure-resistant. So there is the possibility of a flow reversal. A downstream of the suction of liquid of the device for crushing suction pump can be used by rotation reversal, for example in the case of a piston pump, as a feed pump, which introduces liquid under pressure into the device. In this mode of operation, the liquid is typically passed through the housing via the bypass passage. Thus, the liquid can be conveyed, bypassing the strainer obstructing the flow passage. The development offers the possibility to use the device both, for example, a biogas plant or a Tanker or semi-trailer to fill, with one of the device downstream in the suction pump. At the same time, the downstream container volume can be pumped out by the same pump in the pressure mode and pumped through the device for crushing. The formed in the housing bypass passage allows a relatively unhindered passage through the device. Accordingly, it does not need to be removed for effective discharge of liquid in printing operation.

As a result, the device for comminuting foreign bodies is more universally applicable. Assembly and set-up times for the changeover from suction to pressure operation of a pump provided in the flow path of the device for comminuting are therefore eliminated.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a catching box is provided for receiving foreign bodies entrained by the liquid. This safety box is intended in particular to secrete relatively heavy foreign bodies immediately after entering the device. In this case, the catching box is usually within the crushing housing and thus prevents these heavy foreign bodies from passing through the sieve or the cutting device. The catcher is usually provided so that it is in the usual arrangement of the device for crushing debris in a liquid in the gravitational field of the earth below the inlet opening and also below the screen. The catcher is usually associated with a slide, through which collected at cyclic intervals in the collection box heavy foreign matter from the device for crushing debris can fall down. This slider is usually associated with a motor drive, so that the slider can be automatically moved to its open position to derive accumulated in the safety box heavy foreign body from the device. It goes without saying that the catch box usually communicates directly with the interior of the crushing housing. The catcher is usually located in direct extension of the inlet opening.

The bypass passage may be passed substantially as an L-shaped flow through the housing of the device for crushing. In this case, the central longitudinal axes of the inlet opening and the outlet opening are substantially in one plane. In this plane is also the basically rectangular deflection of the flow, which is preferably introduced in the gravitational field of the earth down through the inlet opening into the housing and discharged in the horizontal direction of the housing. According to a preferred development, however, a rectilinear flow through the device for comminuting foreign bodies, at least in the bypass passage, is additionally or alternatively possible. For this purpose, the device preferably has a further flow opening, which is usually aligned substantially with the outlet opening, as well as preferably with the bypass passage, so that the flow can be passed straight through the housing. The further flow opening preferably opens directly into the crushing housing. The liquid flowing in through the further flow opening is supplied in a straight line through the bypass passage via the outlet chamber (if provided) to the outlet opening. This flow path is particularly uniform and allows the passage of liquid at low pressure loss. Also, the usability of the device is increased by this direct training, since this can also be used when a connection of the piping to the inlet opening due to the space is not possible.

In this case, the device preferably has a blind cap, with which optionally the inlet opening or the further flow opening can be closed. The fastening means provided for attaching the blanking cap to the housing of the device are configured identically on the side of the inlet opening on the one hand and the further flow opening on the other hand, so that the blanking cap can be optionally attached to the further flow opening or the inlet opening.

Further details of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of an embodiment in conjunction with the drawings. In this drawing show:

1 a perspective longitudinal sectional view of the embodiment with closed bypass passage;

2 a sectional plan view of the in 1 embodiment shown with closed bypass passage;

3 a longitudinal sectional view of the embodiment of the 1 and 2 ;

4 a perspective cross-sectional view of the in the 1 and 2 shown embodiment with closed bypass passage; and

5 in the 4 shown view with open bypass passage and closed crushing passage.

Below are the 1 and 2 explained in more detail to illustrate the essential components of the embodiment shown.

In the embodiment, it is a crushing device for the passage of manure. This slurry sometimes carries larger fibers, pieces of wood and metallic or mineral foreign bodies with it. Thus, the device may be a device for passing corn contained in liquid or other organic matter such as straw or compost. The crushing device has a housing 2 which is an inlet opening 4 and an outlet opening 6 having. The inlet opening 4 is in the embodiment shown at the upper end of the housing in the vertical direction 2 intended. The in the 1 Alignment shown corresponds to the usual orientation of the device in the gravitational field of the earth, marked with G in 1 , Inside the case 2 is a shredder housing 8th arranged, which partly has independent walls and partly through walls of the housing 2 is limited. The shredder housing 8th has two each with seven 10 provided screen sidewalls 12 that is between a floor 14 of the housing 2 and a lid 16 of the housing 2 extend. Inside the case 2 is the shredder housing 8th further by one with a bypass passage 18 provided passage wall 20 from the inside of the case 2 separated. Through the out 2 apparent central arrangement of the crushing housing 8th inside the case 2 (in a cross-sectional view of the device) arise on both sides of the crushing housing 8th and in the flow direction behind the sieve 10 channels 22 between the outside of the screen walls 12 and the inside of itself parallel to the screen walls 12 extending housing side walls 24 are provided. The channels 22 lead through a crushing passage 26 in an outlet chamber 28 that flows through the housing in the direction of flow 2 the outlet opening 6 immediately upstream.

On the outlet 6 opposite side is in the housing 2 another flow opening 30 intended. This is concentric with the outlet opening 6 arranged, as well as concentric with the basically same effective flow cross-section, as the further flow opening, and the outlet opening provided bypass passage 18 ,

Below this flow path and from the walls of the crushing housing 8th surrounded is located opposite the outlet chamber 28 lowered catch box 32 for separated, especially foreign objects. The catcher 32 is at the bottom, ie at its inlet 4 opposite end, from a movable slide 34 with assigned drive unit 36 limited. The drive unit 36 is formed such that through this the slider 34 from the in 1 shown closed position can be spent in an open position in which the catcher 32 is open on the bottom and in the catcher 32 collected foreign matter from the housing 2 fall out.

The housing 2 is in the area of the outlet chamber 28 vertically by two waves 38 interspersed in the direction of the lid 16 and the soil 14 of the housing 2 pivotally mounted and cover side via an eccentric means of a hydraulic cylinder 40 are driven pivotally. This hydraulic cylinder 40 can also be a pneumatic cylinder. Alternatively, an electrically driven linkage or the like may be provided to the shaft 38 to pivot. A hydraulic rod 42 of the hydraulic cylinder 40 takes the shaft via an eccentric 38 with and pivots on the shaft 38 respectively provided wings 44 a double-winged flap 46 ,

In the 1 - 4 is the flap 46 in a first position. In this first position, a bypass passage B is passed through the housing, which the inlet opening 4 , the crushing housing 8th , the bypass passage 18 , the outlet chamber 28 and the outlet opening 6 includes. In this first position of the flap 46 however, a crushing passage Z is released from the inlet port 6 through the shredder housing 8th through the sieves 10 into the channels 22 through the crushing passages 26 in the outlet chamber 28 and finally through the outlet 6 leads.

On the inside of the sieve walls 12 ie, within the crushing housing 8th , are cutting devices 50 with three rotating knives 52 shaped as a shredder. These mince entrained foreign bodies in the sieve 10 get stuck and the inside of the screen wall 12 overtop. As a result, retained by the sieve and adjacent thereto foreign body are crushed to a size that is safe for the downstream of the crushing equipment parts. The knife 52 are each rotationally fixed to a cutting shaft 54 and eccentric to this, mounted by a cutting motor 56 is driven (see. 4 and 5 ). The knife 52 are under the bias of mounted on the shaft ring springs against the associated inside of the screen wall 12 at.

In particular 5 clarified, the two wings can 44 from in the 1 - 4 shown first position to a second position be pivoted. In this second position the wings widen 44 the flow passage from the bypass passage 18 to the outlet opening 6 funnel-shaped. The wings 44 lie with their free end against the outlet chamber 28 delimiting conically to the outlet opening 6 tapered outlet chamber walls 58 and thus limit the flow path of the crushing housing 8th through the outlet chamber 28 to the outlet opening 6 , In this second position is the bypass passage 18 released accordingly, whereas the two crushing passages 26 through each one of the wings 44 the flap 46 are laid. This will create a flow through the sieves 10 prevented. In contrast, the plant performs the wing 44 on the outside of the passage wall 20 to a laying of the bypass passage 18 so that through the inlet opening 4 into the shredding case 8th introduced liquid inevitably through the sieve 10 from the shredder housing 8th must be passed through.

Foreign bodies either remain in the crushing housing and fall into the catching basins 32 , or be so far through the rotating cutter 50 crushed that through the sieve 10 fit through and then no longer endanger the crushing device downstream components of the system.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2

casing

4

inlet port

6

outlet

8th

crushing housing

10

scree

12

Siebseitenwand

14

ground

16

cover

18

Bypass passage

20

Throat wall

22

channel

24

Housing sidewall

26

Crushing passage

28

outlet

30

further flow opening

32

catch box

34

pusher

36

drive unit

38

wave

40

hydraulic cylinder

42

hydraulic rod

44

wing

46

flap

50

cutter

52

knife

54

bladeshaft

56

cutting engine

58

exhaust chamber

B

Bypass passage

Z

Crushing passage

G

Gravity field of the earth

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 2428275 A2 [0002]

Claims (6)

Device for comminuting foreign bodies in a liquid, in particular in a manure, with an inlet and outlet openings ( 4 ; 6 ) housing ( 2 ) and a crushing passage (Z) with a crusher ( 50 ) and a crusher ( 50 ) associated sieve ( 10 ), characterized by a in the housing ( 2 ) formed bypass passage (B), with the omission of the sieve ( 10 ) a flow between the inlet and outlet openings ( 4 ; 6 ), and a movable flap ( 46 ), with which either the crushing passage (Z) and / or the bypass passage (B) can be closed. Device according to claim 1, characterized by at least one flap ( 46 ) which, in a first position, displaces the shredding passage (Z) and clears the bypass passage (B), and in a second position releases the shredding passage and relocates the bypass passage (B). Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inlet opening ( 4 ) directly into a crushing housing ( 8th ) Bypass passage ( 18 ) opens with a that on both sides next to the crushing housing ( 8th ) Channels ( 22 ) with associated crushing passages ( 26 ) are provided and that at least one double-winged flap ( 46 ) whose wings ( 44 ) in a first position the respective crushing passage ( 26 ) and the bypass passage ( 18 ) and in a second position the respective crushing passage ( 26 ) and the bypass passage ( 18 ). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing ( 2 ) is designed pressure-resistant. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a catching box ( 32 ) for receiving solids entrained by the liquid, which within the crushing housing ( 8th ) and the inlet opening ( 4 ) of the housing ( 2 ) is immediately downstream. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a directly to the interior of the crushing housing ( 8th ) leading further flow opening ( 30 ) passing through the crushing housing ( 8th ) through with the outlet opening ( 6 ) communicates with the further flow opening ( 30 ) is exposed on the outside of the housing.

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