DE102012215151A1 - Carrier assembly and thus constructed construction - Google Patents

Abstract

A carrier arrangement with an essentially rectilinear carrier (2) arranged between two bearings (4, 6), which extends along a longitudinal direction (8) and consists of at least three in the longitudinal direction (8) arranged one behind the other, via two head plate joints (22) connected segments (10, 12, 14), namely a central segment (10) and two outer segments (12, 14), the bearings (4, 6) being prevented from moving in the longitudinal direction (8), in order to ensure controlled dismantling of thermal constraints while maintaining the load-bearing function and with a uniform distribution of external dynamic forces within the construction. This is achieved according to the invention in that - the middle segment (10) has a middle segment head plate (18) at both ends and each of the two outer segments (12, 14) has an outer segment head plate at its end facing the middle segment (10) ( 20), - the respective outer segment head plate (20) is aligned such that it is complementary to the opposite middle segment head plate (18) that they together form a head plate joint (22), - the two head plates (18, 20) of each head plate joint (22) are connected to one another via connecting bolts (28) which are guided through recesses (26) in the head plates (18, 20), - the recesses (26) in at least one of the head plates (18) of each head plate joint (22) as Elongated holes (34) are executed, and - both head plate joints (22) are inclined in opposite directions to a normal plane in the longitudinal direction (8) and the elongated holes (34) are arranged in this way and are aligned such that a thermal displacement or contraction of the segments (10, 12, 14) enables the central segment (10) to be laterally displaced relative to the two outer segments (12, 14).

Description

The invention relates to a carrier arrangement with a substantially rectilinear carrier arranged between two bearings, which extends along a longitudinal direction and is composed of at least three longitudinally successive segments connected to one another via two top plate joints, namely a middle segment and two outer segments, wherein Bearings are hampered by the displacement in the longitudinal direction. The invention further relates to a constructed with such a carrier assembly construction, in particular a steel structure.

Steel girders often can not be made in one piece in the length required for the intended use and transported to the jobsite. Rather, prefabricated segments of lesser length are connected to each other on site at the construction site. This is often done via so-called head or face plate joints, in which the front side of the actual support profiles molded or attached head plates are bolted together. As a rule, such head plates are aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the carrier.

Steel structures in nuclear facilities, but also in other fields of application, especially heavily loaded main beams are often interpreted against high forced impacts resulting from temperature influences. On the other hand, they must be designed and stored so that all external loads such as payloads and induced vibrations, eg. B. from earthquakes, as evenly as possible can be removed. This is often in conflict with the desire for a constrained as possible storage to compensate for thermal expansion. In general, the reduction of stiffness is also associated with a reduction in carrying capacity.

Thus, thermal constraining forces have been taken into account in the past mainly by implementing an axial displaceability of the connection (restraint-free storage) using floating bearings or floating support bearings. This type of connection lacks sufficient axial rigidity for external dynamic stresses to distribute the loads homogeneously in the system. As a result, these constructions are economically unsatisfactory.

The invention has for its object to provide an alternative support arrangement, which allows a controlled reduction of thermal constraining forces while maintaining the load-bearing function and with a uniform distribution of external forces within the structure.

This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of independent claim 1.

• – das Mittelsegment an seinen beiden Enden jeweils eine Mittelsegment-Kopfplatte aufweist und jedes der beiden Außensegmente an seinem zum Mittelsegment hin gerichteten Ende eine Außensegment-Kopfplatte aufweist,
• – die jeweilige Außensegment-Kopfplatte derart komplementär zu der ihr gegenüberliegenden Mittelsegment-Kopfplatte ausgerichtet ist, dass sie zusammen einen Kopfplattenstoß bilden,
• – die beiden Kopfplatten jedes Kopfplattenstoßes über Verbindungsschrauben oder Verbindungsbolzen miteinander verbunden sind, die durch Ausnehmungen in den Kopfplatten hindurch geführt sind,
• – die Ausnehmungen in zumindest einer der Kopfplatten jedes Kopfplattenstoßes als Langlöcher ausgeführt sind, und
• – beide Kopfplattenstöße derart gegensinnig gegenüber einer Normalebene auf der Längsrichtung geneigt sind und die Langlöcher derart angeordnet und ausgerichtet sind, dass bei einer thermischen Ausdehnung oder Kontraktion der Segmente eine seitliche Verschiebung des Mittelsegments relativ zu den beiden Außensegmenten, sprich quer zur Längsrichtung, möglich ist.

Accordingly, a carrier assembly of the type mentioned is provided, wherein

• - The middle segment at its two ends in each case has a middle segment head plate and each of the two outer segments has an outer segment head plate at its end directed towards the middle segment,
• The respective outer segment head plate is aligned in such a way that it is complementary to the middle segment head plate opposite it, that together they form a topplate impact,
• The two head plates of each headstock joint are interconnected via connecting bolts or connecting bolts which are guided through recesses in the head plates,
• - The recesses are executed in at least one of the top plates of each headstock shock as slots, and
• - Both headstock joints are inclined in opposite directions relative to a normal plane in the longitudinal direction and the slots are arranged and aligned such that at a thermal expansion or contraction of the segments lateral displacement of the central segment relative to the two outer segments, that is transverse to the longitudinal direction is possible.

The underlying problem is solved with a simple and economical steel construction. Only plates, rolled sections and screws in a slot connection are required, no special components. By simple combination of the above-named components, a reduction-reducing storage is achieved under the influence of temperature and at the same time maintaining the load capacity for external loads. The axial extent of the segments under thermal stress is compensated by lateral deflection of the structure perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The high constraining forces overcome the static friction between the top plates, which is realized by a partial prestressing of the screw connection. The lateral deflection of the central segment of the carrier due to external static and / or dynamic loads, however, is not possible for structural reasons. After completion of the action of temperature, the segments contract again, whereby a laterally directed restoring force is automatically generated, which pushes the middle segment back to the starting position.

The rule of the design will be that the segments of the carrier lie in a line / flight at normal ambient temperature, and that the middle segment shifts sideways when there is a significant increase in temperature. But it can too a system design is used, which reacts in a corresponding manner to temperature decreases and thus to contractions of the segments, and in a sense the shifted state is the ground state. If the connecting bolts or connecting bolts are in the ground state approximately in the middle of the slots and the middle segment is pushed out accordingly a little out of alignment, there is - depending on the nature of the temperature change - freedom of movement in both directions.

Advantageously, the inclination axis of the respective center segment head plate - and thus also the inclination axis of the head plate joint opposite outer segment head plate - aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. Further, the pitch axes of the two center-segment top plates are preferably aligned parallel to each other, and the two center-segment top plates preferably have an equal tilt angle to a normal plane in the longitudinal direction. This angle of inclination is preferably in the range between 30 ° and 60 ° and is preferably 45 °. Thereby, the described, self-acting lateral displacement of the central segment due to thermal expansion of the segments is optimally supported, while the carrying capacity is maintained in the best possible way. Smaller deviations from the direction and angle specified above but are possible, for example by a slight twisting or torsion of the tilt axes or by slightly different inclination of the top plate joints.

The effective in the lateral displacement of the middle segment as a guide rails for the connecting screws or connecting bolts of each headstock impact slots are of course arranged and aligned in such a way in the corresponding top plate that this displacement is given. Suitably tuned to the geometry described above, the slots are aligned perpendicular to the pitch axis of the respective center segment top plate.

In a preferred variant, the recesses in the middle segment head plates of a top plate joint are designed as oblong holes and in the outer segment top plates as round holes. But it can also be the other way around. The connecting bolts or connecting bolts are expediently guided through both recesses, ie through both head plates of the top plate joint, and secured laterally from outside through the edges of the recesses, and by screw heads resting on the top plates and / or nuts. In a possible modification, however, the connecting bolts can also be formed or joined (for example welded) on at least one of the two head plates of a top plate joint, inserted through the land holes in the other top plate and secured from the outside by a nut.

Advantageously, the elongated holes are closed over the entire circumference, that is surrounded on all sides by the top plate, and not open to the outer border out. In this way, the lateral displacement of the central segment is limited, and the central segment can not fall laterally out of the carrier. The maximum lateral displacement of the middle segment is in a structurally realizable area. This ensures that the stability and load-bearing capacity of the carrier is not lowered below a critical value.

As already indicated, the two head plates of a headstock joint are expediently clamped or clamped against each other during the mounting of the carrier by releasable frictional connection elements. For this purpose, preferably connecting bolts are used, in particular in the form of bolts or threaded bolts and / or in the form of cap screws or similar, suitable for forming a screw elements with substantially cylindrical shaft, in the usual way by means of associated nuts - possibly in combination with washers - Or alternatively secured by means of dowel pin or the like and thereby loaded on train. Advantageously, the two head plates are braced against each other, for example by appropriately tightening the screws or nuts that the lateral displacement of the central segment is maintained under the influence of temperature (partial bias).

In an expedient embodiment, the carrier is a steel carrier whose individual segments are produced, for example, as rolled profiles with end plates molded or attached, in particular welded head plates. Alternatively, the carrier or at least some of its components can also be made of other materials, in particular of modern composite materials (composite materials) or the like. The individual carrier segments can in turn be segmented in a conventional manner, that is to say composed of originally separate subsegments - for example with head plate joints oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. In principle, it is also possible to produce a carrier composed of, for example, five segments, in which the second and fourth segments seen in the longitudinal direction are designed for lateral displaceability in the manner described. Because in this case the combination of the first to third segment or the combination of the third to fifth segments can be considered as a single segment, such a configuration is covered by the wording of the claims.

The top plates preferably have flat contact surfaces, which allow a tilt-stable and torsionally rigid support and connection with their respective connection partner, and which form in the lateral displacement of the central segment of the wearer sliding surfaces. In an alternative embodiment, the contact surfaces may also have a step, which is aligned along the direction of displacement, so that a guide rail for the lateral displacement is realized. The head plates may, in particular in the case of solid beams or with closed box profiles have laterally beyond the support profiles flanges to facilitate the attachment of the fasteners and access to them during installation and maintenance. Alternatively, with closed and / or solid profiles, corresponding access openings can also be made in the material.

The support arrangement described is expediently part of a steel construction or a structure, in particular a steel platform or a supporting framework, for example in a nuclear facility or in any other industrial plant.

The inventive concept is suitable for new construction of steel structures and also for the upgrading of existing steel structures. The geometry of the structure is virtually unaffected, and extensive prefabrication of the support connection in the workshop is possible.

The advantages achieved by the invention are in particular that, by the segmented design of a carrier whose individual segments are interconnected by teilvorgespannte toppling joints with slot screw connections and with dedicated connection geometry, a controlled reduction of stresses from thermal constraints by lateral dodging while maintaining the bending capacity for external loads in thermally, statically and dynamically loaded constructions can be realized, namely with simple, steel construction principles without special components.

• – eine zusätzliche konstruktive Möglichkeit zum Abbau von Zwangsbeanspruchungen in Stahlkonstruktionen,
• – eine wirtschaftlichere Auslegung als bislang aufgrund von Materialersparnis in der Gesamtkonstruktion, und
• – eine Vereinigung von Ausdehnung unter thermischer Beanspruchung und zugleich Erhalt der Tragfähigkeit für äußere Lasten in einer einzigen Konstruktion.

It turns out that way

• - an additional design option for reducing forced loads in steel structures,
• A more economical design than hitherto due to material savings in the overall construction, and
• - A combination of expansion under thermal stress and at the same time maintaining the capacity for external loads in a single construction.

An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings. In each case, in a simplified and schematic representation:

1 a longitudinal section through a carrier according to the invention in a first configuration at ambient temperature,

2 a section through the carrier according to 1 along the section line labeled AA there,

3 a section through the carrier according to 1 along the section line labeled BB there,

4 a longitudinal section through the carrier according to 1 in a second configuration at elevated temperature, and

5 a section through the carrier according to 4 along the section line labeled CC.

Identical parts are provided with the same reference numerals in all figures. The in 1 in a longitudinal section at ambient temperature (.DELTA.T = 0) carrier shown 2 is designed as an elongated, straight steel beam, here in the example in vertical alignment between an upper bearing 4 and a lower bearing 6 is clamped. The total length of the vehicle 2 longitudinal 8th is denoted by L. The two camps 4 . 6 are at a displacement in the longitudinal direction 8th impeded, for example, by an adjacent construction or anchoring. In particular, it may be fixed storage. In other constructions, the wearer could 2 also lying or obliquely arranged.

The carrier 2 is made up of three originally separate segments, prefabricated in a workshop and assembled at the place of construction 10 . 12 . 14 built, namely a middle segment 10 , an upper outer segment 12 and a lower outer segment 14 , Each of the three segments 10 . 12 . 14 has a carrier element formed, for example, from a symmetrical double-T profile 16 on. The profile of the wearer 2 is essentially constant over the entire extension length. Of course, other profiles can be used. Optionally, the three segments 10 . 12 . 14 also have different and / or varying longitudinally profiles.

To accomplish the connections, the middle segment is 10 at both ends, each with a flat center segment top plate 18 provided on the support element 16 is welded. The two outer segments 12 . 14 have in appropriate presentation in each case at their middle segment 10 directed end of an outer segment headstock 20 on, so that in the final assembly state two headstock joints 22 are formed. In each of the two headstock joints 22 the outwardly directed contact surfaces of the participating connection partners are flat over the entire lateral extent.

To maintain a high Biegetragfähigkeit a possible constraint-free storage of the wearer 2 between the two camps 4 . 6 to allow, are the top plate joints 22 designed with a specific inclination. Specifically, the two middle segment head plates 18 in the opposite sense to a respective imaginary axis of inclination 24 arranged inclined / tilted relative to the horizontal. Both tilt axes 24 run parallel to each other and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 8th , here in 1 perpendicular to the image plane and through the symmetry axis of the carrier profile. Each of the two center segment head plates 18 assumes an inclination angle α of 45 ° with respect to the horizontal (and thus also with respect to the vertical), or more generally expressed in relation to a normal plane in the longitudinal direction 8th , Due to the opposite tendency, the two middle segment head plates 18 in the sectional view according to 1 to make a lying V, if extended to the left accordingly. The outer segment head plates 20 are inclined in a complementary, complementary way. The carrier elements 16 the three segments 10 . 12 . 14 are accordingly cut at the end-side connections inclined (similar to mitred corner joints), and the top plates 18 . 20 are on the frontal edges of the support elements 16 welded. The middle segment 10 therefore owns in 1 the outline of an isosceles, symmetrical trapezoid.

A permanent connection in the respective headstock shock 22 mutually opposite head plates 18 . 20 done by screwing. These are the head plates 18 . 20 as shown in 2 and 3 with suitably positioned recesses 26 or holes provided by the threaded bolt 28 , Preferably with two opposing threaded portions in the two end regions, inserted through and screwed from both sides by the recesses laterally overlapping and resting on the top plates nuts 30 be secured. Alternatively, the use of cap screws is possible, which are each tightened by a single nut.

Specifically, in the present embodiment, the recesses 26 in the respective outer segment head plate 20 as round holes 32 slightly larger in diameter than the diameter of the threaded bolt to be inserted therethrough 28 or screw shafts ( 2 ). The recesses 26 in the respective middle segment headstock 18 are as longholes 34 executed, whose width is also dimensioned slightly larger than the diameter of the threaded bolt to be inserted through each 28 or screw shank, the length of which, however, is significantly greater than the width ( 3 ).

The longitudinal direction 36 the long holes 34 in the respective middle segment headstock 18 runs in the final assembly position perpendicular to the tilt axis 24 , here parallel to the image plane of 1 , The long holes 34 are in relation to the round holes 32 positioned such that at the in 1 illustrated configuration in which the three segments 10 . 12 . 14 longitudinal 8th Seen in a line / flight lie the threaded bolts 28 or screw shanks tend to be on the long base side of the trapezoid zugwandten end of the slots 34 are positioned in 2 so at the right end.

The construction described has the consequence that at a temperature increase (.DELTA.T> 0) by the concomitant expansion efforts of the three segments 10 . 12 . 14 longitudinal 8th and by the firm clamping of the two outer segments 12 . 14 between the two camps 4 . 6 the middle segment 10 a resultant force transverse to the longitudinal direction 8th , to the long base side of the trapezium - here to the right - learns.

In accordance with set bias of the screw this leads to the fact that when exceeding one to overcome the static friction between the head flaps 18 . 20 the two headstock joints 22 required minimum temperature difference ΔT compared to 1 underlying initial state, the middle segment 10 moves in the direction mentioned, so evades the side. The touching contact surfaces of the head plates 18 . 20 on the one hand cause the force deflection transversely to the longitudinal direction 8th and on the other hand they form sliding surfaces. The long holes 34 in the mid-segment head plates 18 provide the required translational degree of freedom and also form a guide rail for the relative to her in the direction of in 2 marked free space, here so to the left, moving threaded bolt 28 or screw shanks.

The higher the temperature difference ΔT, the greater the lateral displacement of the middle segment. The displacement is limited by the finite longitudinal extent of the closed at both ends slots 34 ,

The state of maximum displacement is in 4 represented (ΔT >> 0). The threaded bolts 28 or Schraubenschafte are now on the short base side of the trapezoid facing the ends of the slots 34 , with the remaining material webs between the slots 34 and the outer border of the mid-segment head plates 18 act as limit stops ( 5 ). The total added length of the three segments 10 . 12 . 14 , measured in each case on the symmetry axis of the carrier profile, has grown from originally L1 + L2 + L3 to now (L1 + ΔL1) + (L2 + ΔL2) + (L3 + ΔL3). The difference between these two measures is in 4 denoted by f _a . Due to the lateral displacement of the middle segment 10 around the path f _q is the total length L of the carrier 2 but stayed the same. In this special case, L1 = L3 and thus at least approximately ΔL1 = ΔL3, but this symmetry is generally not absolutely necessary.

Only at a further increase in temperature would be a significant constraint of the carrier 2 occur, resulting in a corresponding pinch or bending deformation of the wearer 2 or to give way to the bearings 4 . 6 or for shearing off the threaded bolts 28 or screw threads.

The shift of the middle segment 10 is reversible. You can also see the in 4 illustrated configuration as the initial state for a subsequent temperature reduction and corresponding contraction of the segments 10 . 12 . 14 what then to the in 1 configuration shown leads.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2

carrier

4

upper bearing

6

lower camp

8th

Lengthwise (of the carrier 2 )

10

middle segment

12

Upper outer segment

14

lower outer segment

16

support element

18

Middle segment headstock

20

Outer segment headstock

22

Headstock shock

24

tilt axis

26

recess

28

threaded bolt

30

mother

32

round hole

34

Long hole

36

Longitudinal direction (the slots 34 )

α

tilt angle

Claims (12)

Carrier arrangement with one between two bearings ( 4 . 6 ), substantially rectilinear ( 2 ) extending along a longitudinal direction ( 8th ) and at least three longitudinally ( 8th ) arranged one behind the other, via two head plate joints ( 22 ) interconnected segments ( 10 . 12 . 14 ), namely a middle segment ( 10 ) and two outer segments ( 12 . 14 ), whereby the bearings ( 4 . 6 ) at the displacement in the longitudinal direction ( 8th ), and wherein - the middle segment ( 10 ) at its two ends in each case a middle segment head plate ( 18 ) and each of the two outer segments ( 12 . 14 ) at its middle segment ( 10 ) end face an outer segment head plate ( 20 ), - the respective outer segment head plate ( 20 ) are so complementary to the middle segment head plate ( 18 ) that together they have a headstock impact ( 22 ), - the two head plates ( 18 . 20 ) every headstock impact ( 22 ) via connecting bolts ( 28 ) connected by recesses ( 26 ) in the head plates ( 18 . 20 ) are guided through, - the recesses ( 26 ) in at least one of the head plates ( 18 ) every headstock impact ( 22 ) as long holes ( 34 ) are executed, and - both headstock joints ( 22 ) in opposite directions relative to a normal plane in the longitudinal direction ( 8th ) and the oblong holes ( 34 ) are arranged and aligned such that upon thermal expansion or contraction of the segments ( 10 . 12 . 14 ) a lateral displacement of the middle segment ( 10 ) relative to the two outer segments ( 12 . 14 ) is possible. Carrier arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the inclination axis ( 24 ) of the respective middle segment head plate ( 18 ) perpendicular to the longitudinal direction ( 8th ) is aligned. Carrier arrangement according to 2 , where the tilt axes ( 24 ) of the two middle segment head plates ( 18 ) are aligned parallel to each other. Carrier assembly according to claim 3, wherein the two middle segment head plates ( 18 ) has an equal inclination angle (α) with respect to a normal plane in the longitudinal direction ( 8th ).  Carrier assembly according to claim 4, wherein the angle of inclination (α) is in the range between 30 ° and 60 ° and is preferably 45 °. Carrier arrangement according to one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the elongated holes ( 34 ) perpendicular to the tilt axis ( 24 ) of the respective middle segment head plate ( 18 ) are aligned. Carrier arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the recesses ( 26 ) in the mid-segment head plates ( 18 ) as long holes ( 34 ) and in the outer segment head plates ( 20 ) as round holes ( 32 ) are executed. Carrier arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the elongated holes on ( 34 ) are closed over the entire circumference. Carrier arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the respective connecting bolt ( 28 ) is designed as a threaded bolt or a cap screw. Carrier arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the two head plates ( 18 . 20 ) of a headstock impact ( 22 ) are braced against each other in the final assembled state such that the lateral displaceability of the middle segment ( 10 ) is maintained under the influence of temperature. Carrier arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the carrier ( 2 ) is a steel beam.  Construction, in particular steel platform, with a carrier arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 11.

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