KR20150048200A - Beam assembly and construction erected therewith - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a beam assembly. A beam assembly is disposed between the two bearings 4 and 6 and extends along the longitudinal direction 8 and extends in the longitudinal direction 8 with the central segment 10 and the two outer segments 12 and 14 In a beam assembly having an essentially straight beam (2) consisting of three or more segments (10, 12, 14) longitudinally lined and connected to each other via two head-plate engaging portions (22) The segments 4 and 6 are prevented from displacement in the longitudinal direction 8 and the center segment 10 has the center-segment head plate 18 at each of its two ends and the two outer segments 12 and 14 Each have an outer-segment head plate 20 at its end towards the center segment 10 and each outer-segment head plate 20 has a central-segment head plate 18 In a complementary manner, Plate coupling portion 22 and the two head plates 18 and 20 of each head-plate coupling portion 22 form the openings 26 in the head plates 18 and 20 And the openings 26 in one or more of the head plates 18 of each of the head-plate engaging portions 22 are connected to each other through the connecting bolts 28 guided through the slots 34 And the two head-plate engaging portions 22 are inclined in opposite directions with respect to the plane in which the longitudinal direction 8 is in the normal direction and the slots 34 are formed in the segments 10, 12, 14 Such that the central segment 10 can be laterally displaced relative to the two outer segments 12, 14 in the case of thermal expansion or thermal contraction of the central segment 10 or 12.

Description

≪ Desc / Clms Page number 1 > Beam assembly and construction erected therewith.

The present invention relates to a bearing assembly comprising a bearing assembly disposed between two bearings and extending along a longitudinal direction and having a central segment and two outer segments longitudinally longitudinally connected to each other via two head- To a beam assembly having an essentially straight beam of segments. The invention also relates to a construction, particularly a steel construction, erected in such a beam assembly.

Steel beams often can not be produced in one piece in the longitudinal direction as required for the intended intended use, and can not be moved to the use position. Rather, short length pre-fabricated segments are interconnected on the construction site. This often results in the use of a configuration called head-plate or end-plate engagement, where the molded or coupled head plates are screwed together onto the ends of the actual beam profiles. Such head plates are generally oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the beam.

Main beams used in other applications, especially high levels of load, as well as steel constructs in nuclear installations are often designed to withstand the obvious suppression effects resulting from the effects of temperature. On the other hand, they must be designed and mounted so as to eliminate as uniformly as possible all the external loads, such as loads imposed and induced vibrations, such as earthquakes. This can often be conflicting with the demand for free mounting from possible restraining forces to compensate for thermal expansion. Generally, the reduction in force also involves a reduction in load-bearing capacity.

Therefore, in the past, thermal restraining forces have been largely accounted for by the possibility of axial movement of the connection (restraint-free mounting) which is realized using movable bearings or floating supporting bearings. In the case of external dynamic stress, this type of connection may be insufficient in the amount of axial force sufficient to distribute the load homogeneously throughout the system. As a result, these constructions can be unsatisfactory from an economic point of view.

It is an object of the present invention to realize an alternative beam assembly having external forces uniformly injected in the construction while at the same time maintaining a load-dissipating function while allowing controlled thermal restraining forces.

This object is achieved according to the present invention by the technical features of independent claim claim 1.

Thus, as a beam assembly of the kind mentioned in the introduction,

The central segment 10 has a central-segment head plate 18 at each of its two ends and each of the two outer segments 12,14 has an outer-segment With the head plate 20,

Each of the outer-segment head plates 20 is oriented in a complementary manner with respect to the center-segment head plate 18 positioned opposite thereto, which together form a head-plate engaging portion 22,

The two head plates 18,20 of each head-plate engaging portion 22 are connected by connecting screws or connecting bolts (not shown) which are guided through the openings 26 in the head plates 18,20 28, < / RTI >

The openings 26 in the one or more head plates 18 of each head-plate engaging portion 22 are configured in the shape of the slots 34,

The two head-plate engaging portions 22 are inclined in opposite directions with respect to the plane in which the longitudinal direction 8 is in the normal direction and the slots 34 are formed by the thermal expansion of the segments 10, 12, In the case of heat shrinkage, the central segment 10 is arranged and oriented such that it can laterally displace with respect to the two outer segments 12,

A beam assembly is provided.

The underlying problem of the present invention is overcome by a straight and cost-effective steel construction. All that is required is to include screws, rolling profiles and metal sheets in the slot connection; The straightforward coupling of the above-mentioned configurations achieves suppression-decelerated mounting under the action of temperature, while at the same time maintaining the support capacity for external loads. Under thermal loading, the axial expansion of the segments is compensated by laterally yielding the construction in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. Wherein the high restraint forces overcome the static friction between the head plates, and the static friction is realized by the partial prestressing of the screw-connection. The lateral yielding of the center segment of the beam as a result of external static and / or dynamic loads is, by contrast, not possible for design reasons. After the action by the temperature is stopped, the segments contract again, which automatically causes a laterally directed restoring force, which returns the center segment back into the starting position.

A typical scenario would be that the segments of the beam are in line / alimented at normal temperature and the center segment pushes sideways at significant temperature increases. However, it would also be possible to have a system design that responds to a reduction in temperature, corresponding to a reduction in the segments thereof, where the diplaced state by a certain distance is a basic state. If, in its basic state, the connecting screws or connecting bolts are located close to the center of the slots, and therefore the central segment will be pushed in several directions from the alignment state, i. E. Depending on the type of temperature change - There is freedom of movement in two directions.

It is advantageous that the tilting axis of the individual center-segment head plate - and thus the tilting axis of the outer-segment head plate located opposite it in the head-plate engagement - is oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. In addition, the tilt axes of the two center-segment head plates are preferably oriented parallel to each other, and the two center-segment head plates preferably have the same tilt angle with respect to the plane normal to the longitudinal direction. This inclination angle is preferably 30 占 to 60 占 and preferably 45 占. This provides optimum support for the automatic lateral displacement of the center segment as a result of the thermal expansion of the segments described above, while maintaining the support capacity in the best possible manner. Relatively small deviations from the above-mentioned details of direction and angle may nevertheless be present, for example, as a result of slight twisting or twisting of the tilt axis or as a result of some different tilts of the head- .

The slots are formed in the corresponding head plate, during the lateral displacement of the central segment and, of course, up to a certain distance as the guide rails for the connecting bolts or connecting screws of the respective head- And thus enables the displacement possibility. In a convenient combination of the geometries described above, the slots are oriented perpendicular to the tilt axis of each central-segment head plate.

In a preferred variation, the openings in the mid-segment head plates of the head-plate engaging portion are configured in the form of slots, and those in the outer-segment head plates are configured in the shape of round holes. However, there may be the opposite. The connecting screws or connecting bolts are conveniently guided / inserted here through two openings, i. E. Through the two head plates of the head-plate engaging portion, and are inserted from the outside by the screw heads and / or by the nuts Which are laterally coupled over the perimeter of the openings and rest on the head plates. In possible variants, however, the connecting bolts are formed or joined (e.g., on one or more of the two head plates of the head-plate engaging portion, which is inserted through the slots in the other head plate and fixed externally by the nut, Welded).

The slots are advantageously completely surrounded by the periphery, i.e. the slots are surrounded by the head plate at all sides and there is no opening in the direction of their outer perimeter, for example. This limits the possibility of lateral displacements of the center segment and prevents the center segment from falling sideways from the beam. Where the maximum lateral displacement path of the center segment lies within a design-compatible range. This ensures that the stability of the beam and the support capacity do not fall below a threshold value.

As already shown, the two head plates of the head plate coupling are conveniently braced or claimed against each other by releasable force-fitting connection elements during the installation of the beam . For this purpose, connecting bolts or screws, usually in the form of threaded bolts and / or in the form of cap screws, are fitted and usually associated with forming screws-connections, possibly washers, Or similar elements having an essentially cylindrical stem joined by means of a dowel pin or the like and which are subjected to a tensile force in the process are preferably used. The two head plates advantageously retain the possibility of lateral displacements of the central segment under the action of temperature (partial prestressing) by means of braced against each other, for example by suitably tight contact of the screws or nuts.

In a convenient configuration example, the beam is a steel beam, the individual segments of which are produced, for example, in the form of a rolled profile with welded head plates molded or joined onto the end sides. Alternatively, individual components of the beam, or at least the beam, may be produced with other materials, particularly modern composites. For that portion, the individual beam segments can be segmented in a conventional manner, i.e. they can be divided into essentially divided sub-segments-for example, head-plate coupling portions oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal direction Can be made. It is also possible, for example, to produce beams which are designed for lateral displaceability, for example in the manner previously described, made up of five segments and the second and fourth segments are seen in the longitudinal direction. In this case, since the combination of the first through third segments or the combination of the third through fifth segments can be considered as a single segment, such a configuration is also covered by the terms of the claims.

The head plates preferably have planar contact surfaces, which enable tilt-resistant and torsionally rigid supports for the respective connection object, and connection thereto, And when the center segment of the piston is displaced laterally, it forms sliding surfaces. In alternative arrangements, the contact surfaces may also have stepped forming portions oriented along the displacement direction, which creates a guide rail for lateral displacement. In particular, in the case of solid beams, or in the case of a closed box profile, for ease of access to the connecting elements for coupling and installation of the connecting elements, May have flanges that protrude laterally beyond the beam profiles. Alternatively, in the case of sealed and / or single profiles, it is also possible for suitable access openings to be introduced into the material.

The described beam assembly is conveniently a component of a steel construction or structure, particularly a steel platform or support frame, for example a nuclear facility or some other industrial plant.

The concept according to the invention is suitable for upgrading new steel constructions and existing ones. Where the geometry of the structure is unaffected by the actual terms and the beam connection can be mostly prefabricated within the workshop.

Advantages achieved with the present invention are, among other things, that the divided configuration of the beam, in which the individual segments are connected together by slot-screw-engages and head-plate engaging portions that are partially prestressed with a particular connection geometry, The controlled reduction of the stressing caused by the restraining effects enables to be realized by the lateral yielding while at the same time the bending support capacity for external force is reduced by the action of thermal, In construction, it is precisely maintained using a straight steel-construction principle without any other special configurations.

This leads to the following.

● In operation or installation position, flexurally rigid, load-bearing connection,

• Additional design options for reducing constraint-induced stressing in steel construction,

● Reduction in the amount of materials used in the construction as a whole, resulting in a more cost-effective design

A single construction with a combination of expanding under thermal stress and holding capacity for external forces simultaneously.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the drawings, wherein simplified and schematized drawings are shown in each case.
Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section through the first configuration of the beam according to the invention at ambient temperature.
Fig. 2 shows a cross section through a section line referred to by AA in Fig. 1 in the beam according to Fig.
Fig. 3 shows a cross section through a section line referred to by BB in Fig. 1 in the beam according to Fig.
Figure 4 shows a longitudinal section through the second configuration of the beam according to Figure 1 at elevated temperature.
Figure 5 shows a cross section through a section line referred to by CC in Figure 4 in the beam according to figure 4;

The same parts are provided with the same symbols in all figures.

The beam 2, shown in longitudinal section at ambient temperature (ΔT = 0) in FIG. 1, is in the form of a rectilinear steel beam, For example, between the upper bearing 4 and the lower bearing 6. As shown in Fig. The total length of the beam 2 in the longitudinal direction 8 is referred to as sign L. [ The two bearings 4 and 6 are obstructed in displacement in the longitudinal direction 8, for example by means of construction or anchoring. In particular, the bearings may be fixed bearings. In other designs, it is also possible that the beam 2 is arranged in a parallel or obliquely manner.

The beam 2 is constructed from three originally separated segments 10,12 and 14, i.e. the central segment 10, the upper outer segment 12 and the lower outer segment 14 are constructed In the field, they are assembled in a workshop, attached to each other, and connected to each other. Each of the three segments 10, 12, 14 has a beam element 16 formed, for example, with a symmetrical I-beam profile. The profile of the beam 2 is essentially constant for the entire extension length. Of course, it is also possible to use other profiles. If appropriate, the three elements 10,12, 14 may also have different profiles and / or varying profiles in the longitudinal direction.

To create the connections, at the two ends, the central segment 10 is provided with a respective flat central-segment head plate 18, which is welded onto the element 16 . The two outer segments 12,14 of the corresponding design have in each case an outer-segment head plate 20 at its end which is directed towards the center segment 10, - plate engaging portions (22). In each of the two head-plate engaging portions 22, the outwardly directed contact surfaces of the associated connecting partners are flatly laid over the entire lateral extent.

Thus, while maintaining a high bending load-bearing capacity, the beam 2 is mounted in a manner free from possible constraints between the two bearings 4 and 6, and the head-plate engaging portions 22 ) Consists of a specific inclination. To be precise, the two center-segment head plates 18 are arranged in an inclined / tilted state in the opposite direction to the direction parallel to the imaginary tilt axes 24 in each case. The two tilt axes 24 run parallel to each other and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 8 and proceed perpendicularly to the imaginary plane in FIG. 1 and through the axes of symmetry of the beam profile do. Each of the two center-segment head plates 18 has a tilting angle < RTI ID = 0.0 > of 45 占 with respect to the plane of which the longitudinal direction 8 is normal, (?). 1, the two center-segment head plates 18 can form a V-shape that rests on its side if they are properly extended to the left. The outer-segment head plates 20 are tilted in a coordinated, complementary manner. For this purpose, the beam elements 16 of the three segments 10, 12 and 14 are connected in an absolutely inclined manner (in a manner similar to miter-cut corner connections) And the head plates 18, 20 are welded onto the end edges of the beam elements 16. Thus, in Fig. 1, the central segments 10 have an isosceles, symmetric trapezoidal contour.

The head plates 18, 20, which are positioned opposite to each other at the respective head-plate engaging portions 22, are permanently connected by screw-connection. For this purpose, the head plates 18, 20 according to the illustrations in Figures 2 and 3 are provided with appropriately positioned apertures 26 or bores through which threaded bolts < RTI ID = 0.0 > (28), preferably bolts having threaded portions oriented in two opposing directions in the two end regions are inserted and fixed from the two sides by screwed nuts (30), which extend across the apertures Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > laterally < / RTI > Alternatively, it is also possible to use a cap screw which is fixed by one nut, respectively.

In the present exemplary embodiment, in specific terms, the openings 26 of the respective outer-segment head plate 20 are designed to have a diameter that is less than the diameter of the screw stem or threaded bolt 28 to be inserted, And is configured in the form of round holes 32 having a slightly larger diameter (Fig. 2). In each of the central-segment head plates 18, the openings 26 are formed by slots 34 (also referred to as slots) 34 having a somewhat larger width relative to the diameter of the bolt 28, , And the length of the bolt or screw stem is nevertheless significantly larger than its width (FIG. 3).

In the fully installed position, the longitudinal direction 36 of the slots 34 of the respective central-segment head plate 18 is perpendicular to the tilting axis 24 of its center-segment head plate, Parallel to the plane. In the case of the configuration shown in Fig. 1 in which the three segments 10,12 and 14 are positioned side by side as seen in the longitudinal direction 8, the threaded bolts 28 or screw studs The slots 34 are positioned relative to the round holes 32 so that they tend to be located at the ends of the slots 34 and the ends of the slots 34 are located on the long base side of the trapezoid, As shown in FIG.

As a result of the construction described, a portion of the three segments 10,12, 14 extends in the longitudinal direction 8 when the temperature increases (DT > 0). The two outer segments 12, Attempts with the fact that the center segment 10 is tightly clamped between the two bearings 4 and 6 causes the center segment 10 to move in the direction transverse to the longitudinal direction 8 in a trapezoidal long base, Resulting in a resultant force in the direction.

In the case of prestressing of screw-connections set to an appropriate level, this means when the minimum temperature difference DT for the initial state based on FIG. 1 is exceeded, Is necessary to overcome the static frictional forces of the head plates 18, 20 of the head-plate engaging portion 22, in which case the central segment 10 moves in the direction referred to above, (yield). Here, touching the contact surfaces of the head plates 18,20 causes, on the one hand, to refract forces in the direction transverse to the longitudinal direction 8, while on the other hand mutual sliding surfaces. The slots 34 in the central segment head plates 18 aid in the degree of translator-movement freedom required and also in the direction of the free space shown in Figure 2, Forming guide rails for threaded bolts 28 or screwstamps displaced relative to them on the left.

The higher the temperature difference DT, the greater the lateral mobility of the center segment. The travel distance is limited by the finite longitudinal extent of the slots 34, which are in close contact at the two ends.

In Figure 4, the maximum movement state is shown (DT >> 0). Threaded bolts 28 or screw stems, in this case, are located at their ends of slots 34, which are oriented towards a short base side of the trapezoid, 34 and the remaining material crosspieces between the outer peripheries of the center-segment head plate 18 act as end stops (Figure 5). The sum of the total lengths of the three segments 10, 12 and 14 measured in each case along the symmetry axis of the beam profile is now (L1 + DL1) + (L2 + DL2) + L3 + DL3). The difference between these two length dimensions is referred to by f _a in Fig. However, the lateral movement of the center segment 10 by the movement f _a causes the overall length L of the beam 2 to remain the same. In this particular case where L1 = L3, therefore, at least approximately DL1 = DL3, or such a symmetry, is not usually taken for granted.

Only when the temperature is further increased the beam 2 is subjected to a considerable level of constraining force which results in a corresponding pinching compression or bending deformation of the beam 2, 6), or result in the shingling of threaded bolts 28 or screw studs.

The movement of the central segment 10 is reversible. It is also possible that the configuration shown in FIG. 4 is used as an initial state for subsequent temperature reduction and corresponding shrinking of the segments 10, 12, 14 resulting in the configuration shown in FIG.

2: Beam
4: Upper bearing
6: Lower bearing
8: longitudinal direction (of beam 2)
10: Center segment
12: upper outer segment
14: lower outer segment
16: beam element
18: Center-segment head plate
20: outer-segment head plate
22: head-plate coupling portion
24: Tilt axis
26: opening
28: Bolt with thread
30: Nut
32: Round hole
34: Slot
36: lengthwise (of slot 34)
α: tilt angle

Claims (13)

Is disposed between two bearings (4, 6) and extends along the longitudinal direction (8) and extends vertically in the longitudinal direction (8) with a central segment (10) and two outer segments In a beam assembly having an essentially straight beam (2) consisting of three or more segments (10, 12, 14) connected together via two head-plate engaging portions (22)
The bearings 4, 6 are prevented from displacement in the longitudinal direction 8,
The central segment 10 has a central-segment head plate 18 at each of its two ends and each of the two outer segments 12,14 has an outer-segment With the head plate 20,
Each of the outer-segment head plates 20 is oriented in a complementary manner with respect to the center-segment head plate 18 positioned opposite thereto, which together form a head-plate engaging portion 22,
The two head plates 18,20 of each head-plate engaging portion 22 are connected to each other through connecting bolts 28 guided through the openings 26 in the head plates 18,20. Lt; / RTI >
The openings 26 in the one or more head plates 18 of each head-plate engaging portion 22 are configured in the shape of the slots 34,
The two head-plate engaging portions 22 are inclined in opposite directions with respect to the plane in which the longitudinal direction 8 is in the normal direction and the slots 34 are formed by the thermal expansion of the segments 10, 12, In the case of heat shrinkage, the central segment 10 is arranged and oriented such that it can laterally displace with respect to the two outer segments 12,
Beam assembly. 2. A device according to claim 1, wherein the tilting axis (24) of each central-segment head plate (18) is oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (8)
Beam assembly. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the tilting axes (24) of the two center-segment head plates (18)
Beam assembly. 4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the two center-segment head plates (18) have the same tilt angle (a) with respect to a plane whose longitudinal direction (8)
Beam assembly.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the tilting angle is from 30 [deg.] To 60 [deg.],
Beam assembly. 6. A device according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the slots (34) are oriented perpendicular to the tilt axis (24) of each central-segment head plate (18)
Beam assembly. 7. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the openings (26) in the center-segment head plates (18) are configured in the shape of slots (34) and the outer- Which are configured in the shape of round holes 32,
Beam assembly. 8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the slots (34)
Beam assembly. 9. A connector according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein each connecting bolt (28) is designed in the form of a threaded bolt or cap screw,
Beam assembly. 10. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the two head plates (18, 20) of the head-plate engaging portion (22) Which are held together to maintain the lateral displacement possibility,
Beam assembly. 11. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the beam (2) is a steel beam,
Beam assembly. 12. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the beam (2)
Beam assembly. In a construction, especially a steel platform,
13. A construction having a beam assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

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