JP6200956B2 - Prop assembly and structure assembled thereby - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention has a substantially linear column disposed between two supports and extending in the longitudinal direction, and the columns are coupled to each other via two end plate joints and are longitudinally connected to each other. The column assembly is composed of at least three segments arranged in this manner, one central segment and two outer segments, in which the longitudinal movement of both supports is prevented. The invention further relates to a structure assembled by such a column assembly, in particular a steel structure.

  Steel struts are often transported to the point of use rather than being manufactured in one piece of the length required for their intended use. Rather, a plurality of pre-manufactured segments of short length are connected at an on-site assembly site. This is often done via a so-called end plate joint or end plate joint in which end plates integrally formed or joined to the end face side in accordance with the actual strut shape are bolted together. In general, this type of end plate is oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the column.

Steel structure definitive nuclear facilities (however, the steel structure is also in other fields of application), the primary pillar exerted particularly high loads, are often designed to counter the high force effects caused by the influence of temperature. On the other hand, the steel structure must be designed and supported in such a way that any external loads, such as actual loads and, for example, earthquake-induced shocks, can be eliminated as uniformly as possible. This contradicts the desire for as unconstrained support for thermal expansion compensation. In general, a decrease in rigidity leads to a decrease in load bearing capacity.

  In the past, thermal forcing was taken into account by realizing axial movement (support without constraint) of the connecting part, mainly by using a movable support or a floating support. This type of connection lacks sufficient axial stiffness to distribute the load evenly in the system during dynamic external stresses. Therefore, these structures are not economically satisfactory.

  It is an object of the present invention to provide an alternative strut assembly that allows controlled reduction of thermal forces while maintaining the ability to level the load while at the same time distributing external forces within the structure. There is.

  This problem is solved according to the invention by the features of independent claim 1.

Accordingly, the post assembly as described at the outset has the following features.
The central segment has one central segment end plate at each end and each outer segment has one outer segment end plate at the end directed towards the central segment;
Each outer segment end plate is complementarily aligned with the opposite central segment end plate so that the opposite end plates together form an end plate joint;
-Both end plates of each end plate joint are coupled to each other via connection bolts that are guided through the openings in the end plates,
-The opening in at least one end plate of each end plate joint is formed as a long hole,
-Both end plate joints are inclined in opposite directions with respect to a vertical plane relative to the longitudinal direction so that the central segment can move laterally relative to the outer segments during thermal expansion or contraction of the segments And the slots are arranged and aligned.

  Therefore, the object of the present invention is solved by a simple and economical structure with a steel structure. Only steel plates, rolled steel and bolts are required in the long hole connection, and no special structural members are required. By simply combining the above structural members, support for reducing restraint under the influence of temperature is achieved, and at the same time, maintaining load bearing performance against external loads is achieved. The axial expansion of the segments due to thermal stress is compensated by the lateral avoidance of the structure in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. In that case, a high forcing force overcomes the static friction between the end plates realized by the partial preload of the bolt connection. On the other hand, external static and / or dynamic loads cannot be avoided laterally for the central segment of the column for structural reasons. After the end of the temperature action, the segment contracts again, thereby automatically generating a laterally directed return force that shifts the central segment back to the initial position.

  In a normal design, the strut segments are aligned / aligned at normal ambient temperatures, but the central segment is pushed to the side during significant temperature increases. However, it may be based on a system design that responds to temperature drops and thus segment shrinkage in an appropriate manner, so to speak of its moved state. If the connecting screw or connecting bolt is in the middle of the slot in the basic state and the center segment slightly protrudes from the row accordingly, there is a freedom of movement in both directions depending on the type of temperature change.

  Advantageously, the tilt axis of each central segment end plate (and also the tilt axis of the outer segment end plate facing the central segment end plate at the end plate joint) is oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. Furthermore, the inclined axes of the two central segment end plates are preferably oriented parallel to each other, and both the central segment end plates may have an inclination angle of the same magnitude with respect to a vertical plane with respect to the longitudinal direction. This inclination angle is in the range between 30 ° and 60 °, preferably 45 °. Thereby, the above-mentioned lateral movement of the central segment, which occurs automatically due to the thermal expansion of the segment, is supported in an optimal manner, while the load bearing performance remains maintained in the best manner. However, slight deviations from the above designations of direction and angle are possible, for example slight deviations due to slight bending or twisting of the tilt axis, or slight deviations due to slightly different inclinations of the end plate joints.

  Slots that are useful as guide screws for the connecting screws or connecting bolts of the end plate joints during the lateral movement of the central segment are, of course, also provided in the corresponding end plates so that this movement is possible. Arranged and aligned. In proper adjustment to the geometry described above, the slots are aligned in a direction perpendicular to the tilt axis of each central segment endplate.

  In a preferred embodiment, the opening is formed as a long hole in the central segment end plate and as a round hole in the outer segment end plate. However, it may be reversed. Connection heads or connection bolts are guided through / inserted into both openings, that is, both end plates of the end plate joint, and bolt heads placed on the end plates so as to cover the side edges of the openings from outside and / or Alternatively, the connection bolt is fixed by a nut. However, in a possible variation, the connecting bolt is integrally formed or joined (eg, welded) to at least one of the end plates of the end plate joint, inserted into a long hole in the other end plate, and fixed from the outside by a nut. May be.

  The slot is advantageously closed over the entire circumference, i.e. it is entirely bordered by the end plate and is not open, for example, towards the outer periphery of the end plate. In this way, the lateral movement of the central segment is limited and the central segment does not fall off the side of the column. The maximum lateral movement distance of the central segment is within a structurally feasible range. Thereby, it is ensured that the stability and load-bearing performance of the support do not drop below the critical value.

  As described above, both end plates of one end plate joint are fixed to each other or tightened by a connecting member by frictional coupling that can be released at the time of assembling the support column. For this purpose, connection bolts are preferably used, in particular connection bolts in the form of stud bolts and / or similar members suitable for screwing with a headed bolt or a substantially cylindrical shaft. These connecting bolts are applied with a tensile force in the usual manner, in some cases in combination with a washer, with an attached nut, or alternatively with a spring pin or the like. The two end plates are clamped together (partial preloading), for example by means of a suitable fastening tightening of bolts or nuts, so that the movability of the central segment due to temperature effects remains maintained.

  In a suitable embodiment, the struts are steel struts, and the individual segments of the struts are manufactured as rolled steel, for example with a welded end plate that is integrally formed or joined to the end face. Alternatively, the struts or at least individual components thereof may be manufactured from other materials, in particular modern composite materials (synthetic materials) and the like. The individual strut segments may be divided in the conventional manner, i.e. composed of, for example, originally separated partial segments with end plate joints oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. . In principle, it is also possible to produce struts, for example consisting of 5 segments and whose longitudinal and longitudinal segments are designed as described above for lateral movement. In this case, the combination of the first to third segments or the combination of the third to fifth segments can be regarded as the only segment, so this type of structure should be considered together in the language of the claims. Can do.

  The end plate may have a flat contact surface that allows a stable, non-twistable pedestal and a connection to the respective mating counterparts, which are non-grinding, and these contact surfaces are moved laterally by the central segment of the column. A slip surface is formed. In an alternative embodiment, the contact surfaces can also have stairs directed in the direction of movement, thereby realizing a guide rail for lateral movement. The end plate is laterally away from the strut cross section to facilitate access to the connection member during mounting and assembly and maintenance, especially in the case of solid struts or closed box cross sections. It is good to have a protruding flange. Alternatively, suitable access openings may be provided in the material for closed and / or solid cross sections.

  The strut assembly described above may be a component of a steel structure or building, particularly a steel platform or support structure, for example in a nuclear facility or other industrial facility.

  The concept according to the invention is suitable for new construction of steel structures and for strengthening existing steel structures. In this case, the geometry of the structure is hardly affected and a large pre-assembly of the column connection at the workplace is possible.

  The advantage obtained by the present invention is that, in particular, by the segment structure of the struts, where the individual segments are joined together by end plate joints that are partially clamped using a long hole / bolt connection and a rigid connection geometry. In a structure that can be subjected to static, hydrostatic and dynamic loads, while maintaining bending resistance against external loads, and using a simple steel structure, without any special structural components, from thermal forcing It is possible to realize a controlled reduction of the stress.

As a result, the following is brought about.
-Load-bearing connection that is strong against bending at the operating position or assembly position,
Additional structural possibilities for reducing the forced stress in steel structures,
・ Economic design than before, based on material savings in the overall structure
-To balance the expansion due to thermal stress and the maintenance of load-bearing performance against external loads at the same time with a unique structure.

  In the following, embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a longitudinal section of a column in a first form at an atmospheric temperature according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section along the section line AA of the column according to FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a cross section along the section line BB of the column according to FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a longitudinal section of the support in the second configuration at the elevated temperature of FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a cross section along the section line CC of the column according to FIG.

  In all the drawings, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals.

  The support column 2 shown in the longitudinal sectional view at the atmospheric temperature (ΔT = 0) in FIG. 1 is formed as a vertically long straight steel support column, and this steel support column is a vertical direction in this example. Are sandwiched between the upper support 4 and the lower support 6. The total length of the column 2 in the longitudinal direction 8 is indicated by L. Both supports 4, 6 are prevented from moving in the longitudinal direction 8 by, for example, peripheral structures or fixing devices. In particular, these supports may be fixed supports. In other structures, the struts 2 can be arranged horizontally or obliquely.

  The struts 2 are prefabricated at the factory and initially separated into three segments 10, 12, 14 assembled at the construction site and joined together, ie one central segment 10 and one upper outer segment 12 and 1 Two lower outer segments 14. Each of the three segments 10, 12, and 14 has a column member 16 formed from, for example, a symmetric double T-shaped member. The cross-sectional shape of the column 2 is substantially constant over the entire extension length. Of course, other cross-sectional shapes can be used. In some cases, the three segments 10, 12, and 14 may have different cross-sectional shapes and / or cross-sectional shapes that vary in the longitudinal direction.

  For connection / coupling, the central segment 10 has one flat central segment end plate 18 at each end, and each central segment end plate 18 is welded to the column member 16. Both outer segments 12, 14 have an outer segment end plate 20 at the end directed towards the central segment 10 in a suitable design, thereby forming two end plate joints 22 in the assembled state. The In each of the both end plate joints 22, the corresponding connecting members are in contact with each other flatly over the entire lateral spread at the contact surfaces directed to the outside thereof.

  An end plate joint 22 having a specific inclination is formed in order to allow the support 2 to be supported as little as possible between the supports 4 and 6 while maintaining high bending resistance. Specifically, the central segment end plates 18 are disposed so as to be inclined with respect to the horizontal plane in directions opposite to each other about the assumed inclined axis 24. Both inclined axes 24 extend parallel to each other and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 8, in FIG. 1 perpendicular to the drawing plane, through the axis of symmetry of the column cross-sectional shape. Each of the central segment end plates 18 has an angle α of 45 ° with respect to the horizontal plane (and thus also with respect to the vertical plane). Generally expressed, the angle α is taken with respect to a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 8. Due to the opposite inclination, both central segment end plates 18 have a lateral V-shape in the cross-sectional view according to FIG. 1 if they extend correspondingly in the left direction. The outer segment end plate 20 is tilted in a complementary manner adapted thereto. For this purpose, the column members 16 of the three segments 10, 12, 14 are cut correspondingly diagonally at the terminal connection (similar to the corner connection cut by the joint), and the end plates 18, 20 are connected to the column members 16. It is welded to the edge side edge. Accordingly, in FIG. 1, the central segment 10 has an isosceles trapezoidal outline.

  The continuous connection of the end plates 18 and 20 facing each other in each end plate joint 22 is performed by bolt connection. For this purpose, the end plates 18, 20 have openings 26 or holes appropriately positioned according to the illustrations in FIGS. Bolts (stud bolts) 28, preferably having two oppositely threaded portions in the two end regions, are inserted into their openings and on the end plates so as to cover the sides of said openings by nuts 30 from both sides. It is fixed by a nut 30 which is arranged and screwed together. As an alternative, it is also possible to use headed bolts, each clamped and fixed by a single nut.

  Specifically, in this embodiment, the opening 26 in each outer segment end plate 20 is formed as a round hole having a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the bolt 28 or bolt shaft to be inserted (FIG. 2). The opening 26 in each central segment end plate 18 is formed as a long hole, and the width of the long hole is designed to be slightly larger than the diameter of the bolt 28 or the bolt shaft to be inserted. The length of the hole is clearly larger than its width (Figure 3).

Longitudinal 36 of the elongate hole 34 in each central segment end plate 18 extends perpendicularly to the tilt axis 24 of the end plate 18 in the assembled final state, here extends parallel to the plane of the drawing of FIG. The long hole 34 is arranged with respect to the round hole 32 as follows. That is, in the structure shown in FIG. 1 in which the three segments 10, 12, and 14 are arranged in a straight line / row as viewed in the longitudinal direction 8, the end of the long hole 34 facing the long base of the trapezoid to, i.e. the right end in FIG. 3, the bolt 28 or bolt shaft is arranged to be positioned.

  The above-described structure has an expansion effect in the longitudinal direction 8 of the three segments 10, 12, and 14 that occurs as the temperature rises when the temperature rises (ΔT> 0). The result of the pinching of the outer segments 12, 14 is that the central segment 10 is subjected to a resultant force transverse to the longitudinal direction 8, ie towards the long base of the trapezoid (here in the right direction). Become.

This is because when the initial tightening force of the bolt connection is properly adjusted, the minimum temperature difference ΔT required to overcome the static friction between the end plates 18 and 20 of the end plate joint 22 is exceeded. For the initial state on the basis of 1, the central segment 10 moves in the above-mentioned direction, i.e. avoids laterally. On the one hand, the contact surfaces of the end plates 18, 20 that are in contact with each other cause a force diversion in the transverse direction with respect to the longitudinal direction 8, and on the other hand, both end plates form a sliding surface. A slot 34 in the central segment end plate 18 provides the necessary translational freedom and guides for a bolt 28 or bolt shaft that moves relatively in the direction of the cavity shown in FIG. 3 , here to the left. Form a rail.

  The higher the temperature difference ΔT, the greater the lateral movement of the central segment. The travel path is limited by a finite longitudinal extension of the slot 34 closed at both ends.

The maximum movement state is shown in FIG. 4 (ΔT >> 0). The bolt 28 or bolt shaft is now at the end of the slot 34 facing the trapezoidal short base, and the material wall between the slot 34 and the outer edge of the central segment end plate 18 serves as a stop. It works (FIG. 5). The combined total length of the three segments 10, 12, 14 is increased from the original L1 + L2 + L3 to (L1 + ΔL1) + (L2 + ΔL2) + (L3 + ΔL3), now measured at the axis of symmetry of the column cross section. The difference between these two length dimensions is indicated by f _{a in} FIG. However, due to the lateral movement of the central segment 10 by the distance f _q , the overall length L of the column 2 remains the same. In the special case here, L1 = L3 and therefore at least approximately ΔL1 = ΔL3, but in general this symmetry is not always necessary.

  Furthermore, if the temperature is increased, significant constraining of the struts 2 can occur which can result in corresponding crushing or bending deformation of the struts 2 or loosening of the supports 4, 6 or shearing of the bolts 28 or bolt shafts. I will.

  The movement of the central segment 10 is reversible. Subsequent temperature drops and the corresponding shrinkage of the segments 10, 12, 14 may be based on the morphology shown in FIG. 4 as an initial state, which is illustrated during such a temperature drop and shrinkage. This results in the form shown in FIG.

2 support 4 upper support 6 lower support 8 longitudinal direction 10 central segment 12 upper outer segment 14 lower outer segment 16 support member 18 central segment end plate 20 outer segment end plate 22 end plate joint 24 inclined shaft 26 opening 28 Stud bolt 30 Nut 32 Round hole 34 Long hole 36 (Long hole 34) Longitudinal direction α Inclination angle

Claims (13)

Has two arranged in a longitudinal direction that extends to (8) straight line shaped strut between the support (4, 6) (2), the strut, through the two end plates fitting (22) Composed of at least three segments (10, 12, 14) arranged one after the other in the longitudinal direction (8), ie one central segment (10) and two outer segments (12, 14) A strut assembly in which both supports (4, 6) are prevented from moving in the longitudinal direction (8),
The central segment (10) has one central segment end plate (18) at each end, each of the outer segments (12, 14) at the end directed towards the central segment (10) Having one outer segment end plate (20);
Each outer segment end plate (20) is complementary to the opposite central segment end plate (18) so that the opposite end plates (18, 20) together form one end plate joint (22). Are aligned to each other,
-Both end plates (18, 20) of each end plate joint (22) are connected to each other via connection bolts (28) guided through the openings (26) in the end plates (18, 20). ,
The opening (26) in at least one end plate (18) of each end plate joint (22) is formed as a long hole (34);
-End plates so that the central segment (10) can move laterally relative to the outer segments (12, 14) during thermal expansion or contraction of the segments (10, 12, 14). The joint (22) is inclined in directions opposite to each other with respect to a vertical plane with respect to the longitudinal direction (8), and the slot (34) is arranged and aligned;
Prop assembly.   The strut assembly of any preceding claim, wherein the tilt axis (24) of each central segment end plate (18) is oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (8).   3. A strut assembly according to claim 2, wherein the tilt axes (24) of both central segment end plates (18) are oriented parallel to each other.   4. A strut assembly according to claim 3, wherein both central segment end plates (18) have an equal angle of inclination (α) with respect to a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (8). Inclination angle (alpha) is in the range between 30 ° and 60 °,請 Motomeko 4 post assembly according.   The strut assembly according to one of the claims 3 to 5, wherein the slot (34) is oriented perpendicular to the tilt axis (24) of each central segment endplate (18).   The opening (26) is formed as a slot (34) in the central segment end plate (18) and as a round hole (32) in the outer segment end plate (20). A post assembly according to one of the preceding claims.   A strut assembly according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the slot (34) is closed around its entire circumference.   9. A strut assembly according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each connecting bolt (28) is formed as a stud bolt or a headed bolt.   The end plates (18, 20) of the end plate joint (22) are clamped together in the final assembled state such that the lateral movement of the central segment (10) due to temperature effects remains maintained. Item 10. The column assembly according to one of Items 1 to 9.   11. A strut assembly according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the strut (2) is a steel strut.   The strut assembly according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the strut (2) is oriented vertically. A structure comprising a post assembly according to one of the preceding claims .

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