EP2501858A1

EP2501858A1 - Structure bearing

Info

Publication number: EP2501858A1
Application number: EP10773580A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Georg Michael Wolff
Original assignee: RW Sollinger Huette GmbH
Current assignee: Mageba GmbH
Priority date: 2009-10-23
Filing date: 2010-10-25
Publication date: 2012-09-26
Anticipated expiration: 2030-10-25
Also published as: RU2012121145A; WO2011047881A1; AT509074A4; RU2558553C2; EP2501858B1; AT509074B1

Abstract

The invention relates to a structure bearing (1) for receiving horizontal forces in the form of a retaining bearing or a guide bearing, comprising an upper and a lower connecting element (2, 3) for attaching the structure bearing (1) onto a building structure. The structure bearing also comprises at least one bearing element (5) lying between the upper and the lower connecting element (2, 3) and comprising at least one guiding element or at least one retaining element, wherein the bearing element (5) is movable relative to the guiding element or to the retaining element. At least one adjusting element (10) is provided for adjusting a bearing play.

Description

Structural bearings

The invention relates to a structural bearing for receiving horizontal forces in the form of a retaining bearing or a guide bearing, with an upper and a lower connecting element for connecting the Bauwerklagers to a building structure, with at least one, arranged between the upper and lower connecting element bearing element and at least one guide element or at least one retaining element, wherein the bearing element is movable relative to the guide element or the retaining element.

Bridge bearings in the design of a fixed bearing or a guide bearing take on the task of horizontal forces, for example, caused by wind loads or braking forces to record. Guide bearings also allow movements in predetermined directions. In combination with other, for example, universally movable bearings, fixed or guide bearings are used very frequently. Known embodiments are described in the European standard DIN EN 1337-1. Commonly used types are fixed and one-sided guided (transversal or longitudinally fixed) cup plain bearings, spherical plain bearings, deformation bearings with detention or deformation sliding bearings and horizontal force bearing. In order to ensure the function of detention or leadership, a game between the surface of the detention and the centrally or marginally arranged guide rail and the mating surface, ie the surface of the guide in centric guide, or the surface of the bearing body is provided. Of course, this game should be very small and is limited to 2 mm in DIN EN 1337-1, unless other requirements apply. If the game is reduced and goes to zero, there is a risk that the coefficient of friction of the guide increases very sharply, for example, caused by unfavorable temperature conditions, and / or the detention or the leadership of the camp jammed. As a result, the components of the bridge, which must forward the resulting unwanted horizontal forces, may be overloaded and damaged.

The problem of the guide play is reinforced by the use of sliding materials. Sliding materials, as prescribed for example in DIN EN 1337-2, serve to control and reduce the friction coefficient. However, the materials have a wear and their thickness decreases during operation. This consequently increases the game. The bearing clearance limited or otherwise provided for in DIN EN 1337-1 always only applies to the delivery and installation condition and does not take the wear into account. A replacement of the sliding materials is provided according to DIN EN 1337-1 only when the game is already very large. This can be up to 8 mm for guides with the sliding material polytetrafluoroethylene.

In road bridges, this game is rather minor, it may affect the traffic directly driven transition structure, which must be built so that it is either able to absorb the horizontal forces until the leadership of the camp has overcome the game and or must be built so that their horizontal play is equal to or greater than that of the guide bearing. About fixed bearings road bridges in any case usually a transitional construction is installed, which is able to absorb the resulting movement through the game.

For railway bridges where the rail passes over the bridge and the abutment thereafter, as is usually the case, the clearance can cause the rail to be loaded unscheduled because it has to absorb the horizontal forces until the bearing overcomes the clearance has and attacks. This leads to unscheduled, elastic and plastic deformation of the rail. For railway bridges with ballast bed, the

Rail with the threshold to compensate for this unfavorable effect by changes in position something. However, this is no longer the case with the "fixed carriageway" version, as the unplanned loads and deformations then lead to increased rail wear as a result of traffic, resulting in increased maintenance and replacement costs as well as a reduction in operational safety.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved bearing.

This object of the invention is achieved by the abovementioned structural bearing, wherein at least one adjusting element for adjusting a bearing clearance is arranged, in particular the at least one retaining element or the at least one guide element has an adjusting element for adjusting the bearing clearance. Due to the arrangement of an adjusting element or the formation of the retaining element or the guide element as adjusting or at least as part of the adjustment or with the adjustment of the advantage is achieved that the bearing clearance can be minimized or a Bauwerklager can be provided, which is free of play is set, as an exact adjustment of the warehouse is possible directly on the site and thus factory made settings of the building warehouse can be readjusted accordingly. This ensures that the bearing engages earlier under load or engages directly under load, so that therefore a load of the surrounding components or the bearing of the bearing or the structure rails, in the case of railway bridges, can be reduced. It is thus achieved a total of a longer life of both the bearing and the stored components. In addition, in the presence of sliding materials in the bearing, such as lubricious coatings or sliding layers, better respond to the wear of these layers, so that replacement of these overlays is required at a later date and thus in turn the maintenance costs for the Bauwerklager invention compared to the State of the art known storage facilities can be reduced.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the adjusting element has at least one wedge surface, so that a total of a double wedge-shaped execution of the entire adjustment, that is, that the adjusting element has at least two components, each with a wedge surface, which abut each other. It is thus achieved the advantage that the adjustment can be made continuously and thus accurate readjustment or Einjustierung the backlash is reached. In addition, the design "double wedge" is structurally very simple, whereby a robust adjustment is achieved over a long period of operation of the building warehouse, which is particularly advantageous in terms of seasonal and atmospheric influences on the building warehouse.

In this case, one of the two wedge surfaces is preferably formed by a surface of the holding element or the guide element, which can be drawn to a separate, second wedge element and thus the structure can be simplified, although a structure with two adjoining wedge surfaces of the wedge elements in the context of Invention is possible. But it is also possible that between the holding element or the guide element and the bearing element at least one wedge element is arranged, so this wedge element can be replaced if necessary, for example, in premature wear of the surface of the wedge element or which, where appropriate, larger adjustment can be realized.

In order to facilitate the adjustability, it is possible for a surface pointing in the direction of the at least one retaining element or the at least one guide element and / or a surface of the wedge element pointing in the direction of the bearing element to have a sliding element or a sliding layer or at least one surface of the adjusting element a sliding element or a sliding layer.

In addition to this or alternatively there is the possibility that a surface of the holding element or of the guide element pointing in the direction of the bearing element has a sliding element or a sliding layer, in order likewise to allow adjustability or adjustability with a lower expenditure of force.

Preferably, the sliding element or the sliding layer is formed by a modified polyethylene, since it has been found in the course of testing the invention that this plastic is particularly well suited for the construction of a compressive stress.

The wedge element can be designed to be self-locking, that is to say that its inclination, and thus also the inclination of the adjoining counter wedge surface, is lower than the coefficient of friction occurring under load. This improves the safety of the warehouse by making it easier to prevent the wedge from being pushed out of the warehouse when horizontal forces occur.

It can further be provided that the wedge element is arranged to extend between two holding elements in order to achieve a further improvement of the position assurance of the wedge element and thus to further improve the safety of the building warehouse.

According to another embodiment, it can be provided that the wedge element is connected to the retaining element or the guide element via a spindle element. On the one hand, this in turn improves the position assurance of the wedge element, on the other hand can be realized on the spindle element at the same time the setting of the building warehouse.

It is also advantageous if this spindle element has a self-locking thread in order to better avoid unintentional adjustment of the building warehouse can.

For the adjustment of the adjustment can be provided on the Bauwerklager a Verstellantneb which is connected to the adjustment, so that so the adjustment can be automated in itself.

It is advantageous if the Versteilantrieb is connected to a transmitter for measuring the size of the bearing clearance, since thus the degree of automation can be further increased and thus an adjustment outside the maintenance intervals can be performed if necessary, making the Bauwerklager in itself its function better and longer.

Fig. 1 is an oblique view of an embodiment of a building warehouse according to the invention;

Fig. 2 is a partial section along the line II - II through the building warehouse of FIG. 1 in

Front view;

Fig. 3 shows a detail of the building warehouse of Fig. 1 in the region of the adjusting element in

Top view;

4 shows a variant of the adjustment in plan view.

Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of the adjusting element in plan view.

By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments identical parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component designations. in which the disclosures contained in the entire description can be applied mutatis mutandis to the same parts with the same reference numerals or the same component designations. Also, the position information selected in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and are to be transferred to a new position analogous to the new situation.

1 to 3 show a first embodiment of a building warehouse 1 in different views. This Bauwerklager 1 is designed in the form of a so-called Kalottengleitlagers. It should be noted, however, that the structural bearing 1 can also be designed as a cup sliding bearing, deformation bearing with detention or deformation sliding bearing with horizontal force bearing etc. In principle, these types of structural bearings are known, for example from DIN EN 1337-1, so that in order to avoid repetition of details of these embodiments of building warehouses, which are not essential to the invention, is not referenced, but the skilled in the relevant literature ,

Furthermore, it should already be mentioned at this point that, although the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3 is designed as a so-called guide bearing, within the scope of the invention, there is also the possibility that such bearings are designed as a detention bearing, as these also in the DIN EN 1337-1 are described in more detail.

The Bauwerklager 1 serves to receive horizontal forces, as stated above. In particular, the structural bearing 1 is a bridge bearing and in particular a bridge bearing for railways in the form of a so-called fixed carriageway. However, this does not mean that the building warehouse 1 is not suitable for other structures, for example, this building warehouse 1 can of course also be used in road bridges, etc.

The structural bearing 1 comprises an upper connecting element 2 and a lower connecting element 3. These two metallic, in particular steel, connecting elements 2, 3 are designed in the form of so-called anchor plates, each having a plurality of bolt-shaped anchor elements 4 at least approximately perpendicular over the Surfaces of the connecting elements 2, 3 protrude, and the connection of the building warehouse 1 to the building serve themselves, wherein the lower connecting element 3, for example, with the support structure of a bridge, so with a pillar, and the upper connecting element 2 may be connected to the bridge itself. In particular, the anchor elements 4 may be embedded in the respective parts of the structure. The anchor elements 4 preferably have a cross-sectional widening for the formation of head bolts in their protruding from the connecting elements 2, 3 end to achieve a higher pull-out strength of the respective concrete element. As is known, these anchor elements can be welded or screwed to the connecting element 2, 3, that is to say to the plate element of the connecting element 2, 3.

Between the upper connecting element 2 and the lower connecting element 3 of the structural bearing 1, a bearing element 5 is arranged, which is dome-shaped in cross-section in this embodiment, but can also take other forms, depending on the embodiment of the building warehouse 1, as stated above. This bearing element 5 is received in a recess 6 of a lower bearing part 7, which in turn is arranged on the lower connecting element 3. Between the upper connecting element 2 and the bearing element 5, a so-called sliding plate 8 is arranged, between which sliding plate 8 and the bearing element 5, that is resting on this, a so-called sliding plate 9 is arranged, so that a relative movement between the bearing gerelement 5 and the sliding plate 8 and consequently the stored structure, so the bridge to allow.

Since this principal embodiment of a spherical cap bearing is known as a structural bearing 1 from the prior art, it is dispensed with further discussion of these details and referenced to the relevant prior art.

According to the invention, it is now provided that an adjusting element 10 is arranged for adjusting the bearing clearance, as shown in detail in Fig. 3, wherein Fig. 3 shows that section of the building warehouse 1 which is marked in Fig. 2 with a circle. Depending on the design variant of the building warehouse 1, the play between the surface of the retaining arrangement or the centrally or externally arranged guide and the mating surface, ie the surface of the guide groove in the case of a centric guide or the surface of the bearing element 5 or of the bearing body understood. After that in 1 to 3 illustrated Bauwerklager 1 is designed as a guide bearing, this has at least one guide bar 11 which is connected to the slide plate 8 or the upper connecting element 2 and via a horizontal guide during the relative movement of the structural bearing parts to each other. It is possible that this guide bar 11 or generally the guide element is arranged on one side only marginally in the building warehouse 1. Likewise, two such guide elements or guide rails 1 1 may be formed on opposite edges of the building warehouse 1 and there is also the possibility that a guide is provided centrally, so that this guide bar is arranged approximately centrally extending in the longitudinal direction of the building warehouse and in a Guiding groove of the bearing element engages. The guide bar 1 1 is locked on locking tabs 12 with respect to their position, with these locking tabs 12 are supported by screws 13 with nuts 14 for detecting the screws 13 on a tab 15.

In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the adjusting element 10 is designed as a double wedge device, in which case the guide bar 1 1 forms part of the adjusting element 10. In particular, the adjusting element 10 has a wedge-shaped element, ie a wedge element, with an inclined surface 16 which is disposed between the guide rail 1 1 and the bearing element 5, wherein the surface 16 of a corresponding surface 17 of the guide rail 11 faces and wherein Surface 17 of the guide rail 11 is also inclined, but the inclination runs in the opposite direction to the adjusting element 10, so that therefore two wedge surfaces are formed by the surfaces 16, 17 which can slide on each other. It is thus achieved that the bearing play can be adjusted or readjusted in a direction perpendicular to the adjustment direction of the wedge element by relative adjustment of the wedge element with respect to the guide rail 11 by the associated relative displacement of the bearing base 7, preferably in the context of Invention is possible to set this bearing clearance to a value of at least approximately zero or a predefinable value. To achieve this, it is provided in the illustrated embodiment that the wedge element extends in the longitudinal direction between two holding elements 18, 19, which may be plate-shaped, for example, and it is further preferably at least one adjusting element 20 on the front side of these holding elements 18, 19 , 21 arranged, for example in the form of screws that are secured by lock nuts 22, 23. Due to the further Insertion of the wedge element thus wear in the bearing element 5 can be readjusted, so that the bearing clearance can be adjusted to a value of at least approximately zero or the predefined value. If two such adjustment elements 10 are provided on opposite edge sides in the structural warehouse 1, these adjustment elements 10 are preferably arranged in the same direction with regard to the course of the inclinations.

In order to reduce the force required for the adjustment, that is to say the setting of the bearing clearance, at least one of the surfaces 16, 17 can be provided with a sliding element or a sliding layer, preferably both surfaces. For this purpose, known from the prior art sliding materials, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, etc., can be used, as well as bonded coatings, for example based on polyamide, but preferably a modified polyethylene is used as the sliding material. It is a UHMWPE (Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene).

In the preferred embodiment, the adjusting element 10, in particular the wedge element, is designed to be self-locking. This means that the value of an angle of inclination 24 is less than the coefficient of friction occurring when the structural bearing 1 is loaded. This also ensures that the adjusting elements 20, 21 are not burdened by occurring horizontal forces, so that they can be tightened during operation, even during the occurrence of horizontal forces.

By a horizontal and a vertical position assurance of the wedge element or of the adjusting element 10, a better securing of the position is achieved even when vibrations occur due to the traffic.

Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of the adjusting element 10 of the building warehouse 1. The adjusting element 10 is in turn formed by the wedge element and the guide rail 11, wherein both the guide rail 11 and the wedge element each have a wedge surface and these two wedge surfaces relative to each other adjustable are slidably disposed on each other. In this embodiment variant, the wedge element and the guide strip 11 are connected to one another via a spindle element 25, so that by turning the spindle delelementes 25, the relative position of the wedge element is changed to the guide rail 11 and thus the bearing clearance can be adjusted. The spindle element 25 extends through a bore of the wedge element and a bore of the guide strip 11 aligned therewith. The spindle element 25 is secured with nuts 26. Since the relative position of the spindle element 25 to the wedge element and the guide rail 11 changes during adjustment , Is provided in the simplest case, that the bore through which the spindle member 25 projects, is made larger, so that the spindle member 25 can move within certain limits in this bore. On the other hand, there is also the possibility that the spindle member 25 is rotatably supported on the one hand in the wedge element and on the other hand in the guide rail 11, for example, with the arrangement of cylindrical elements through which the spindle element protrudes.

Again, in the preferred embodiment, the spindle member 25 from the above reasons, a pitch of the thread, which is self-locking.

In the embodiment variant according to FIG. 5, the additional arrangement of a wedge element is dispensed with. The adjusting element 10 is formed by the guide rail 11, which in turn has the inclined surface 17 and is in this embodiment, a second inclined surface 27 formed by the lower bearing part 7 itself, on which the inclined surface 17 of the guide rail 11 can slide. The guide strip 11 is held by the holding elements 18, 19, in which in turn the adjusting elements 20 are arranged.

In fixed bearings or retaining structures in which a horizontal relative movement of the building parts to each other is not provided, guides in the longitudinal and transverse directions are arranged so that on the one hand by the wedge element, that is, the adjusting element 10, the bearing clearance can be reduced, on the other hand, the torsional ability of Fixed bearing is maintained, so so in these camps, the bearing element 5 remains movable relative to the retaining element.

The adjusting element 10 allows the bearing clearance, that is to reduce the guide clearance after assembly of the structural bearing 1 to a desired level to a value of zero or, in the case of suitable sliding material to build a compressive prestress. Should In the course of operation, the game wear due to increase, it can be reduced at any time by tightening the screws.

A material that is particularly suitable for building up a compressive stress is modified polyethylene.

In particular, the adjusting element 10 can be used in fixed spherical bearings and in all guided bearing types of structural bearings 1. According to a further embodiment of the building warehouse 1 can be provided that the adjusting element 10, in particular the wedge element, with a Verstellellantrieb, in particular an electric motor, is connected. It is advantageous if the adjustment drive is connected to a transmitter for measuring the size of the bearing clearance. The embodiments show possible embodiments of the building warehouse 1, wherein it should be noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated embodiments thereof.

For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that, for a better understanding of the structure of the building warehouse 1, this or its components have been shown partially unevenly and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size.

Above all, the individual in FIGS. 1, 2, 3; 4; 5 embodiments form the subject of independent solutions according to the invention.

REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 building warehouse

2 connecting element

3 connecting element

4 anchor element

5 bearing element

6 recess

7 bearing base

8 sliding plate

9 sliding plate

10 adjusting element

11 guide rail

12 locking tab

13 screw

14 mother

15 tab

16 surface

17 surface

18 holding element

19 holding element

20 control element

21 control element

22 lock nut

23 lock nut

24 tilt angle

25 spindle element

26 mother

27 surface

Claims

Patent claims

1. Bauwerklager (1) for receiving horizontal forces in the form of a detention bearing or a guide bearing, with an upper and a lower connecting element (2, 3) for connecting the Bauwerklagers (1) to a building structure, with at least one, between the upper and the The lower connecting element (2, 3) arranged bearing element (5) and with at least one guide element or at least one retaining element, wherein the bearing element (5) is movable relative to the guide element or the retaining element, characterized in that at least one adjusting element (10) for adjusting ment of a bearing clearance is arranged, in particular the at least one retaining element or the at least one guide element has an adjusting element (10) for adjusting the bearing clearance or at least partially forms this.

2. Bauwerklager (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjusting lelelement (10) has at least one wedge surface.

3. Bauwerklager (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a further wedge surface is formed by a surface of the holding element or the guide element.

4. Bauwerklager (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that between the holding element or the guide element and the bearing element (5) at least one wedge element is arranged.

5. Bauwerklager (1) according to claim 4 or one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the direction of the at least one retaining element or the at least one guide element facing surface (16) and / or in the direction of the bearing element (5 ) facing surface of the wedge element has a sliding element or a sliding layer or at least one surface of the adjusting element (10) has a sliding element or a sliding layer.

6. Bauwerklager (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in the direction of the bearing element (5) facing surface (17) of the holding element or the guide element comprises a sliding element or a sliding layer.

7. Bauwerklager (1) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the sliding element or the sliding layer is formed by a modified polyethylene.

8. Bauwerklager (1) according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the wedge element is designed to be self-locking.

9. Bauwerklager (1) according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that extending the wedge element between two holding elements (18, 19).

10. Bauwerklager (1) according to one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that the wedge element is connected to the retaining element or the guide element via a spindle element (25).

11. Bauwerklager (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the spindle element (25) has a self-locking thread.

12. Bauwerklager (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the adjusting element (10) is connected to a Verstellantrieb.

13. Bauwerklager (1) according to claim 12, that the Versteilantrieb is connected to a transmitter for measuring the size of the bearing clearance.