EP2501858B1 - Structure bearing - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates, as indicated in the preamble of claim 1, a Bauwerklager for receiving horizontal forces in the form of a guide bearing, with an upper and a lower connecting element for connecting the Bauwerklagers to a building structure, with at least one, arranged between the upper and the lower connecting element Bearing element and with at least one guide element for horizontal guidance during the relative movement of the structural bearing parts to each other, wherein the bearing element is movable relative to the guide element.

Bridge bearings in the design of a fixed bearing or a guide bearing take on the task of horizontal forces, for example, caused by wind loads or braking forces to record. Guide bearings also allow movements in predetermined directions. In combination with other, for example, universally movable bearings, fixed or guide bearings are used very often. Known embodiments are described in the European standard DIN EN 1337-1. Commonly used types are fixed and one-sided guided (transversal or longitudinally fixed) cup plain bearings, spherical plain bearings, deformation bearings with detention or deformation sliding bearings and horizontal force bearing.

A Bauwerklager of the generic type is from the WO 2009/010487 A1 known. The WO 2009/010487 A1 describes a structural bearing comprising a first part connected to a support structure, a second part connected to a building element carried by the support structure, and a bearing element, the translational and / or rotational movement of the second part with respect to allows the first part, wherein the bearing element comprises plates and / or strips of polyamide with a low coefficient of friction.

In order to ensure the function of the guide, a game between the surface of the centrally or marginally arranged guide rail and the mating surface, so the surface of the guide in centric guide, or the surface of the bearing body is provided. Of course, this game should be very small and is limited to 2 mm in DIN EN 1337-1, unless other requirements apply. If the game is reduced and goes to zero, there is a risk that the coefficient of friction of the guide increases very sharply, for example, caused by unfavorable temperature conditions, and / or the leadership of the camp. As a result, the components of the bridge, which must forward the resulting unwanted horizontal forces, may be overloaded and damaged.

The problem of the guide play is reinforced by the use of sliding materials. Sliding materials, as prescribed for example in DIN EN 1337-2, serve to control and reduce the friction coefficient. However, the materials are subject to wear and their thickness decreases during operation. This consequently increases the game. The bearing clearance limited or otherwise provided for in DIN EN 1337-1 always only applies to the delivery and installation condition and does not take the wear into account. A replacement of the sliding materials is provided according to DIN EN 1337-1 only when the game is already very large. This can be up to 8 mm in the case of guides with the sliding material polytetrafluoroethylene.

In road bridges, this game is rather minor, it may affect the traffic directly driven transition structure, which must be built so that it is either able to absorb the horizontal forces until the leadership of the camp has overcome the game and or must be built so that their horizontal play is equal to or greater than that of the guide bearing. About fixed bearings road bridges in any case usually a transitional construction is installed, which is able to absorb the resulting movement through the game.

For railway bridges where the rail passes over the bridge and the abutment thereafter, as is usually the case, the clearance can cause the rail to be loaded unscheduled because it has to absorb the horizontal forces until the bearing overcomes the clearance has and attacks. This leads to unscheduled, elastic and plastic deformation of the rail. For railway bridges with ballast bed, the rail with the threshold can compensate for this unfavorable effect by changes in position something. However, this is no longer the case with the fixed track version. The unscheduled loads and deformations then lead to increased rail wear due to traffic impact and thus increased maintenance and replacement costs as well as to the reduction of operational safety.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved bearing.

This object of the invention is achieved by the abovementioned structural bearing, in which the at least one guide element has an adjusting element for reducing the guide clearance or at least partially forms, wherein between the guide element and the bearing element at least one wedge element is arranged and a further wedge surface through a surface of the Guiding element is formed.

By arranging an adjusting element or the formation of the guide element as adjusting or at least as part of the adjustment or with the adjusting the advantage is achieved that the bearing clearance can be minimized or a Bauwerklager can be provided, which is set without play, since an exact adjustment of the warehouse is possible directly on the site and thus factory settings made the building warehouse can be readjusted accordingly. This ensures that the bearing engages earlier under load or engages directly under load, so that therefore a load of the surrounding components or the bearing of the bearing or the structure rails, in the case of railway bridges, can be reduced. It is thus achieved a total of a longer life of both the bearing and the stored components. In addition, in the presence of sliding materials in the bearing, such as lubricious coatings or sliding layers, better respond to the wear of these layers, so that replacement of these overlays is required at a later date and thus in turn the maintenance costs for the Bauwerklager invention compared to the State of the art known storage facilities can be reduced.

According to the invention, the adjusting element has at least one wedge surface, so that a total of a double-wedge design of the entire adjustment is formed, that is, that the adjusting element has at least two components, each with a wedge surface which abut one another. It is thus achieved the advantage that the adjustment can be made continuously and thus accurate readjustment or Einjustierung the backlash is reached. In addition, the design "double wedge" structurally very simple, whereby a robust adjustment also achieved over a long period of operation of the building warehouse becomes. This is particularly advantageous in terms of seasonal and atmospheric influences on the Bauwerklager.

In this case, one of the two wedge surfaces is formed by a surface of the guide element, which can be dispensed with a separate, second wedge element and thus the structure can be simplified, although a structure with two adjoining wedge surfaces of the wedge elements in the invention is possible.

It is possible that the at least one wedge element arranged between the guide element and the bearing element can be exchanged if necessary, for example in the event of premature wear of the surface of the wedge element or, where appropriate, larger adjustment paths being feasible.

In order to facilitate the adjustability, it is possible for a surface pointing in the direction of the at least one guide element and / or a surface of the wedge element pointing in the direction of the bearing element to have a sliding element or a sliding layer or at least one surface of the adjusting element to be a sliding element or a sliding layer having.

In addition to this or alternatively, there is the possibility that a surface of the guide element pointing in the direction of the bearing element has a sliding element or a sliding layer, in order likewise to allow adjustability with less effort.

Preferably, the sliding element or the sliding layer is formed by a modified polyethylene, since it has been found in the course of testing the invention that this plastic is particularly well suited for the construction of a compressive stress.

The wedge element can be designed to be self-locking, that is to say that its inclination, and thus also the inclination of the adjoining counter wedge surface, is lower than the coefficient of friction occurring under load. This improves the safety of the warehouse by making it easier to prevent the wedge from being pushed out of the warehouse when horizontal forces occur.

It can further be provided that the wedge element is arranged to extend between two holding elements, in order to achieve a further improvement of the position assurance of the wedge element and thus to further improve the safety of the building warehouse.

According to another embodiment, it can be provided that the wedge element is connected to the guide element via a spindle element. On the one hand, this in turn improves the position assurance of the wedge element, on the other hand can be realized on the spindle element at the same time the setting of the building warehouse.

It is also advantageous if this spindle element has a self-locking thread in order to better avoid unintentional adjustment of the building warehouse can.

For the adjustment of the adjustment can be provided on the building warehouse an adjustment, which is connected to the adjustment, so that so the adjustment can be automated in itself.

Fig. 1

eine Schrägansicht einer Ausführungsvariante eines erfindungsgemäßen Bauwer-klagers;

Fig. 2

einen Teilschnitt gemäß der Linie II - II durch das Bauwerklager nach Fig. 1 in Frontansicht;

Fig. 3

ein Detail des Bauwerklagers nach Fig. 1 im Bereich des Verstellelementes in Draufsicht;

Fig. 4

eine Ausführungsvariante des Verstellelementes in Draufsicht;

Fig. 5

eine nicht der vorliegenden Erfindung, sondern vielmehr einem Vergleichsbeispiel entsprechende Ausführungsvariante des Verstellelementes in Draufsicht.

It is advantageous if the adjustment is connected to a transmitter for measuring the size of the bearing clearance, since thus the degree of automation can be further increased and thus an adjustment outside the maintenance intervals can be performed if necessary, making the building warehouse in itself its function better and longer.

Fig. 1

an oblique view of an embodiment of a Bauwer-compliant invention;

Fig. 2

a partial section according to the line II - II by the building warehouse after Fig. 1 in front view;

Fig. 3

a detail of the building warehouse after Fig. 1 in the region of the adjusting element in plan view;

Fig. 4

a variant of the adjustment in plan view;

Fig. 5

a not corresponding to the present invention, but rather a comparative example embodiment of the adjustment in plan view.

By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component names, wherein the disclosures contained in the entire description can be mutatis mutandis to the same parts with the same reference numerals or component names. Also, the location information chosen in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and are to be transferred to the new situation mutatis mutandis when a change in position.

The Fig. 1 to 3 show a - designed as a so-called guide bearing - first embodiment of a building warehouse 1 in different views. This Bauwerklager 1 is designed in the form of a so-called Kalottengleitlagers. It should be noted, however, that the structural bearing 1 can also be designed as a cup sliding bearing, deformation bearing with detention or deformation sliding bearing with horizontal force bearing etc. In principle, these types of structural bearings are known, for example from DIN EN 1337-1, so that reference is made to avoid repetition on details of these embodiments of building warehouses, which are not essential to the invention, but the person skilled in the relevant literature.

The Bauwerklager 1 serves to receive horizontal forces, as stated above. In particular, the structural bearing 1 is a bridge bearing and in particular a bridge bearing for railways in the form of a so-called fixed carriageway. However, this does not mean that the building warehouse 1 is not suitable for other structures, for example, this building warehouse 1 can of course also be used in road bridges, etc.

The structural bearing 1 comprises an upper connecting element 2 and a lower connecting element 3. These two metallic, in particular steel, connecting elements 2, 3 are in the form of so-called anchor plates, each having a plurality of bolt-shaped anchor elements 4, which protrude at least approximately vertically above the surfaces of the connecting elements 2, 3, and serve the connection of the Bauwerklagers 1 to the building itself, the lower Connecting element 3, for example, with the support structure of a bridge, so with a pillar, and the upper connecting element 2 may be connected to the bridge itself. In particular, the anchor elements 4 may be embedded in the respective parts of the structure. The anchor elements 4 preferably have a cross-sectional widening for the formation of head bolts in their protruding from the connecting elements 2, 3 end to achieve a higher pull-out strength of the respective concrete element. As is known, these anchor elements can be welded or screwed to the connecting element 2, 3, that is to say to the plate element of the connecting element 2, 3.

Between the upper connecting element 2 and the lower connecting element 3 of the structural bearing 1, a bearing element 5 is arranged, which is dome-shaped in cross-section in this embodiment, but can also take other forms, depending on the embodiment of the building warehouse 1, as stated above. This bearing element 5 is in a recess 6 of a lower bearing part 7, which in turn is arranged on the lower connecting element 3, added. Between the upper connecting element 2 and the bearing element 5, a so-called sliding plate 8 is arranged, between which sliding plate 8 and the bearing element 5, that is resting on this, a so-called sliding plate 9 is arranged to allow a relative movement between the bearing element 5 and the sliding plate 8 and consequently the stored structure, so the bridge to allow.

Since this principal embodiment of a spherical cap bearing is known as a structural bearing 1 from the prior art, it is dispensed with further discussion of these details and referenced to the relevant prior art.

According to the invention, it is now provided that an adjusting element 10 is arranged for adjusting the bearing clearance, as described in detail in FIG Fig. 3 is shown, wherein Fig. 3 that section of the building warehouse 1 represents the in Fig. 2 marked with a circle. As a bearing clearance is, depending on the design variant of the building warehouse 1, on the one hand the game between the surface of the centrally or externally arranged guide and the mating surface, that is to say the surface of the guide groove in the case of a centric guide or the surface of the bearing element 5 or of the bearing body. After that in the Fig. 1 to 3 shown Bauwerklager 1 is designed as a guide bearing, this has at least one guide bar 11 which is connected to the sliding plate 8 or the upper connecting element 2 and via a horizontal guide during the relative movement of the structural bearing parts to each other. It is possible that this guide rail 11 or generally the guide element is arranged only marginally on one side in the building warehouse 1. Likewise, two such guide elements or guide rails 11 may be formed on opposite edges of the building stock 1 and there is also the possibility that a guide is provided centrally, so that this guide bar is arranged approximately centrally extending in the longitudinal direction of the building warehouse and in a guide engages the bearing element. The guide bar 11 is locked via locking tabs 12 with respect to their location, with these locking tabs 12 are supported by screws 13 with nuts 14 for detecting the screws 13 on a tab 15.

In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the adjusting element 10 is designed as a double wedge device, in which case the guide rail 11 forms part of the adjusting element 10. In particular, the adjusting element 10 has a wedge-shaped element, ie a wedge element, with an inclined surface 16 which is arranged between the guide rail 11 and the bearing element 5, wherein the surface 16 of a corresponding surface 17 of the guide rail 11 faces and wherein this surface 17 of the guide rail 11 is also inclined, but the inclination runs in the opposite direction to the adjusting element 10, so that therefore two wedge surfaces are formed by the surfaces 16, 17 which can slide on each other. It is thus achieved that by relative displacement of the wedge element with respect to the guide rail 11, the bearing clearance can be adjusted or readjusted by the associated relative displacement of the bearing base 7 in a direction perpendicular to the adjustment of the wedge element, preferably within the scope of the invention is to set this bearing clearance to a value of at least approximately zero or a predefinable value. In order to achieve this, it is provided in the illustrated embodiment that the wedge element extends in the longitudinal direction between two holding elements 18, 19, which may be plate-shaped, for example, and it is also frontally on these holding elements 18, 19th preferably in each case at least one adjusting element 20, 21 arranged, for example in the form of screws, which are secured by lock nuts 22, 23. As a result of the further insertion of the wedge element, it is thus possible to readjust a wear in the bearing element 5, so that the bearing play can again be set to a value of at least approximately zero or the predefined value.

If two such adjustment elements 10 are provided on opposite edge sides in the structural warehouse 1, these adjustment elements 10 are preferably arranged in the same direction with regard to the course of the inclinations.

In order to reduce the force required for the adjustment, that is to say the setting of the bearing clearance, at least one of the surfaces 16, 17 can be provided with a sliding element or a sliding layer, preferably both surfaces. For this purpose, known from the prior art sliding materials, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, etc., can be used, as well as bonded coatings, for example based on polyamide, but preferably a modified polyethylene is used as the sliding material. It is a UHMWPE (ultra high molecular weight polyethylene).

In the preferred embodiment, the adjusting element 10, in particular the wedge element, is designed to be self-locking. This means that the value of an angle of inclination 24 is less than the friction coefficient occurring when the structural bearing 1 is loaded. This also ensures that the adjusting elements 20, 21 are not burdened by occurring horizontal forces, so that they can be tightened during operation, even during the occurrence of horizontal forces.

By a horizontal and a vertical position securing the wedge element or the adjusting element 10, a better position assurance is achieved even when occurring by traffic vibrations.

Fig. 4 The adjusting element 10 is in turn formed by the wedge element and the guide rail 11, wherein both the guide rail 11 and the wedge element each have a wedge surface and these two wedge surfaces relative to each other slidingly slidable each other are arranged. In this embodiment, the wedge element and the guide rail 11 are connected to each other via a spindle member 25 so that by rotation of the spindle member 25, the relative position of the wedge member is changed to the guide rail 11 and thus the bearing clearance can be adjusted. The spindle element 25 extends through a bore of the wedge element and a bore of the guide rail 11 aligned therewith. The spindle element 25 is secured with nuts 26. Since the relative position of the spindle element 25 to the wedge element and the guide rail 11 changes during the adjustment provided in the simplest case, that the bore through which the spindle member 25 protrudes, is made larger, so that the spindle member 25 can move within certain limits in this bore. On the other hand, there is also the possibility that the spindle member 25 is rotatably supported on the one hand in the wedge element and on the other hand in the guide rail 11, for example, with the arrangement of cylindrical elements through which the spindle element protrudes.

Again, in the preferred embodiment, the spindle member 25 from the above reasons, a pitch of the thread, which is self-locking.

In the - a comparative example forming - variant according to Fig. 5 is dispensed with the additional arrangement of a wedge element. The adjusting element 10 is formed by the guide rail 11, which in turn has the inclined surface 17 and is in this embodiment, a second inclined surface 27 formed by the lower bearing part 7 itself, on which the inclined surface 17 of the guide rail 11 can slide. The guide strip 11 is held by the holding elements 18, 19, in which in turn the adjusting elements 20 are arranged.

In fixed bearings or retaining structures in which a horizontal relative movement of the building parts to each other is not provided, guides in the longitudinal and transverse directions are arranged so that on the one hand by the wedge element, that is, the adjusting element 10, the bearing clearance can be reduced, on the other hand, the torsional ability of Fixed bearing is maintained, so so in these camps, the bearing element 5 remains movable relative to the retaining element.

The adjusting element 10 allows the bearing clearance, that is to reduce the guide clearance after assembly of the structural bearing 1 to a desired level to a value of zero or, in the case of suitable sliding material to build a compressive prestress. If, during operation, the clearance increases due to wear, it can be reduced at any time by tightening the set screws.

A material that is particularly suitable for building up a compressive stress is modified polyethylene.

In particular, the adjusting element 10 can be used in fixed spherical bearings and in all guided bearing types of structural bearings 1.

According to a further embodiment of the building warehouse 1 can be provided that the adjusting element 10, in particular the wedge element, with an adjustment, in particular an electric motor, is connected. It is advantageous if the adjustment is connected to a transmitter for measuring the size of the bearing clearance.

The embodiments show possible embodiments of the building warehouse 1, wherein it should be noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated embodiments thereof.

For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that, for a better understanding of the structure of the building warehouse 1, this or its components have been shown partially unevenly and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size.

Claims (20)

1. Structure bearing (1) for absorbing horizontal forces in the form of a guide bearing, having an upper and a lower connecting element (2, 3) for connecting the structure bearing (1) to a building structure, with at least one bearing element (5) arranged between the upper and lower connecting element (2, 3), and with at least one guide element for horizontal guidance during the relative movement of the structural bearing parts in relation to one another, wherein the bearing element (5) is movable relative to the guide element,
   characterized in that
   the at least one guide element has, or at least partially forms, an adjustment element (10) for reducing the guidance clearance, wherein at least one wedge element is arranged between the guide element and the bearing element (5) and a further wedge-shaped surface is formed by a surface of the guide element.
2. Structure bearing (1) according to Claim 1,
   characterized in that
   a surface (16) facing towards the at least one guide element and/or a surface of the wedge element facing towards the bearing element (5) has a sliding element or a sliding layer, or at least one surface of the adjusting element (10) has a sliding element or a sliding layer.
3. Structure bearing (1) according to Claim 1 or 2,
   characterized in that
   a surface (17) of the guide element facing towards the bearing element (5) has a sliding element or a sliding layer.
4. Structure bearing (1) according to Claim 2 or 3,
   characterized in that
   the sliding element or the sliding layer is formed by a modified polyethylene.
5. Structure bearing (1) according to any one of Claims 1 to 4,
   characterized in that
   the wedge-shaped element is self-locking.
6. Structure bearing (1) according to any one of Claims 1 to 5,
   characterized in that
   the wedge element extends between two retaining elements (18, 19).
7. Structure bearing (1) according to any one of Claims 1 to 6,
   characterized in that
   the wedge element is connected to the guide element via a spindle element (25).
8. Structure bearing (1) according to Claim 7,
   characterized in that
   the spindle element (25) has a self-locking thread.
9. Structure bearing (1) according to any one of Claims 1 to 8,
   characterized in that
   the adjustment element (10) is connected to an adjusting drive.
10. Structure bearing (1) according to Claim 9,
    that the adjustment drive is connected to a measurement encoder for measuring the size of the guidance clearance.
11. Use of an adjustment element (10) for reducing a guidance clearance in a structural bearing (1) for absorbing horizontal forces in the form of a guidance bearing, having an upper and a lower connecting element (2, 3) for connecting the structure bearing (1) to a building structure, with at least one bearing element (5), arranged between the upper and lower connecting element (2, 3), and with at least one guide element, wherein the bearing element (5) is moveable relative to the guide element, wherein the at least one guide element comprises the adjustment element (10) for adjustment of the guide clearance or at least partially forms it, wherein a wedge-shaped surface is formed by a surface of the guide element, and wherein at least one wedge element is arranged between the guide element and the bearing element (5).
12. Use according to Claim 11,
    characterized in that
    a surface (16) facing towards the at least one guide element and/or a surface of the wedge element facing towards the bearing element (5) has a sliding element or a sliding layer, or at least one surface of the adjusting element (10) has a sliding element or a sliding layer.
13. Use according to Claim 11 or 12,
    characterized in that
    a surface (17) of the guide element facing towards the bearing element (5) has a sliding element or a sliding layer.
14. Use according to Claim 12 or 13,
    characterized in that
    the sliding element or the sliding layer is formed by a modified polyethylene.
15. Use according to any one of Claims 11 to 14,
    characterized in that
    the wedge-shaped element is self-locking.
16. Use according to any one of Claims 11 to 15,
    characterized in that
    the wedge element extends between two retaining elements (18, 19).
17. Use according to any one of Claims 11 to 16,
    characterized in that
    the wedge element is connected to the guide element via a spindle element (25).
18. Use according to Claim 17,
    characterized in that
    the spindle element (25) has a self-locking thread.
19. Use according to any one of Claims 11 to 18,
    characterized in that
    the adjustment element (10) is connected to an adjusting drive.
20. Use according to Claim 19,
    that the adjustment drive is connected to a measurement encoder for measuring the size of the guidance clearance.

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