DE102012104781A1 - Apparatus and method for comminuting parts or goods - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to methods and a device for crushing parts and / or goods containing high-strength substances or mixtures. The object of the invention is to provide a device and a method which allows a crushing of parts and / or goods in a reliable and economical manner, even if they contain high-strength substances or mixtures, such as metal body, composite materials or castings. In this case, the device comprises an impact reactor (10) which has a first impact space (11) and a second impact space (21), the first impact space (11) having a cylindrical body (12) and a rotatably arranged disk rotor (13) the top of which a plurality of baffle elements (15) are arranged. Here, the disc rotor (13) should be arranged so that between the disc rotor (13) and a lower edge of the cylindrical body (12), a vertical gap (14) is formed by the pre-shredded material from the first baffle (11) in the second Impact space (21) can pass through, wherein the second impact space (21) laterally by a plurality of flat wall elements (22) is arranged, which are arranged so that they form a polygon; and that a wing-shaped rotor (23) is rotatably arranged within the second impact space (21) for further comminution.

Description

The present invention relates to a device for comminuting parts and / or goods containing high-strength substances or substance mixtures, such as metal bodies, composite materials or castings, according to the preamble of claim 1, and a corresponding method according to claim 11.

For the comminution of components from mixtures of substances or articles composed of various materials, such as metal parts, glass, rubber, wood, polymers, fibrous materials, composites or the like, in particular for economic recycling, it has been known in the art To use impact reactors, in which the components are crushed by a impact stress by means of impact elements.

Such is for example from the document EP 0 859 693 B1 a baffle reactor is known, which has a cylindrical base body and a rotatable rotor, wherein the rotor is adjustable in height in the base body and releasably received at its wing-shaped ends, exchangeable baffle elements.

Such a baffle reactor is not very suitable for the comminution of large and / or hard components, since there is a risk that the components between the rotor blades and the base tilt or jam, causing a jamming of the machine and possibly even to damage the Device can lead.

To avoid this risk, was in the document EP 1 721 674 proposed a baffle reactor in which a disc-shaped rotor is rotatably disposed within a cylindrical body, so that between the disc-shaped rotor and the cylindrical body side only a small gap, which should prevent parts fall under the rotor and could jam it. In order for shredded material to leave the impact reactor or be ejected therefrom, it is proposed in the document to attach ejection flaps to the cylindrical side or to the bottom of the impact reactor. However, this has the consequence that the baffle reactor can only be operated in a batch mode, in which initially material is substantially completely comminuted to the desired size, in order then to stop the baffle reactor and deploy the comminuted material through the discharge flaps. A continuous operation of the impact reactor for comminution is not possible. Alternatively, it is proposed in the said document to arrange sieves in the cylindrical peripheral surface through which comminuted material can be discharged continuously during the operation of the impact reactor, so that stopping of the impact reactor is not necessary. However, this has the disadvantage that it is expensive to produce sieves in the necessary, adapted to the cylindrical peripheral surface shape. This is especially true when the material to be shredded is high strength parts or goods. In this case, the screens should also have at least comparable strength in order to withstand the repeated impact of the goods to be shredded. This would make it necessary to make the screens of high strength material, such as hardened, high strength steel. Given the need to adapt the sieves of the cylindrical shape, this is associated with relatively high technical and economic effort. Since the screens wear out during operation of the system over time and must be replaced regularly, this represents a significant impact on the economy.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to overcome these drawbacks and to provide a device and a method which is a reliable and reliable crushing of high-strength parts and / or goods containing high-strength substances or mixtures such as metal body, composite materials or even castings economically allowed.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a device according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 11. Preferred embodiments are set forth in the dependent claims.

In a first aspect, a device for comminuting high-strength parts and / or goods containing high-strength substances or substance mixtures, a baffle reactor having a first baffle and a second baffle arranged thereunder, the first baffle has a cylindrical body and a rotatable arranged disc rotor, on the upper side a plurality of baffles are arranged, wherein the disc rotor is arranged so that between the disc rotor and a lower edge of the cylindrical body, a vertical gap is formed, pass through the pre-shredded material from the first baffle into the second baffle can, the second baffle is bounded laterally by a plurality of flat wall elements, which are arranged so that they form a polygon and a wing-shaped rotor is rotatably disposed within the second baffle.

With the device according to the invention a two-stage comminution process is realized, wherein the material to be comminuted, in particular coarse, high-strength metal body, such as refrigerator compressors, are supplied to the first impact space. In the first baffle, pre-crushing takes place as a first processing stage, whereby the items to be crushed, such as the refrigerator compressors, for example, are roughly crushed. Since pre-crushing takes place in the first impact space by means of a disk rotor, which cooperates with a cylindrical body, the risk of jamming or jamming of parts is avoided. Blocking or even damaging the device is therefore very unlikely. The cylindrical body can be made as a cylinder of solid material, such as rolled, hardened steel. Since it does not need to fulfill a screening function and it is therefore not necessary to form openings and / or slots through the shell, there is no need for complex, expensive machining of the cylinder in order to incorporate the openings in the hardened steel. At the same time, such a cylinder shell made of solid material have a higher strength, since it is not weakened by openings in the material in the strength. This allows that in the first baffle and large and largest, high-strength components or other material to be shredded containing high-strength substances or mixtures can be subjected to a pre-crushing, without the risk of high wear or damage to the device.

Pre-shredded material can pass through the vertical gap into the second impact space from the first impact space, where the actual comminution takes place in a second processing stage. Since only such pre-shredded material can enter the second impact space whose parts have a sufficiently small size in order to be able to pass through the vertical gap, there is only a slight risk of jamming or jamming due to the small part size in the second impact space could. It is therefore possible to operate in the second baffle a wing-shaped rotor and to form the wall of the second baffle of flat wall elements, which are arranged in the form of a polygon. In such a vane rotor, the baffles are formed on the sides of the wings, so that when an impingement occurs an impulse substantially in a straight line against the wing. Therefore, there are no or only slight overturning moments and forces that could significantly stress the material of the rotor, the baffle elements and / or any mountings and lead to premature wear. This may allow to operate the vane rotor at very high speed, which substantially increases the crushing performance and thus the throughput of the device and improves the economy. It is also advantageous that, in comparison to a cylindrical body, flat wall elements can be produced more simply and less expensively. This is especially true in the case that some or all of the wall elements are designed as screens, for example, such that a plurality of openings of defined shape and size are incorporated through the wall elements therethrough. If the wall elements are designed as sieves, there is also the advantage that comminuted material can be discharged from the second impact space during operation of the device, so that continuous operation of the device is possible. This avoids downtime of the device, which would otherwise be necessary for emptying and thus increases the throughput and thus the efficiency of the device.

Preferably, a diameter of the disc rotor is larger than an inner diameter of the cylindrical body.

The vertical gap between the disc rotor and the lower edge of the cylindrical body may have a height in the range of 20 to 80 mm, preferably between 40 and 60 mm, particularly preferably 50 mm.

The baffles on the top of the disc rotor may have a height that is greater than the height of the vertical gap.

At least one wall element can be formed by a sieve element or contain a sieve element, by means of which comminuted material components can be discharged out of the second impact space. The sieve element can be set up such that an upper edge of the sieve element is arranged at the level of the underside of the disk rotor.

The disk rotor may further comprise baffle elements, which are arranged on its underside in order to be able to act on material components located in the second baffle chamber.

The direction of rotation of the wing-shaped rotor can be rectilinear or opposite to the direction of rotation of the disc rotor. A rotational speed of the wing-shaped rotor is preferably substantially greater than a rotational speed of the disc rotor. The wing-shaped rotor may have a diameter which is larger than the diameter of the disc rotor. Alternatively, other baffles are conceivable for wing-shaped rotor, z. As chains or articulated rods.

In a second aspect, a method for comminuting parts and / or goods containing high-strength substances or substance mixtures, comprises the following steps: feeding parts to be comminuted and / or goods into a first impact space, wherein the first baffle has a cylindrical body and a rotatably arranged disk rotor, on the upper side of which a plurality of impact elements are arranged, the disk rotor being arranged such that a vertical gap is formed between the disk rotor and a lower edge of the cylindrical body; Pre-shredding the parts to be shredded and / or goods in the first impact space; Passing pre-shredded parts or material from the first impingement space through the vertical gap into a second impingement space, the second impingement space being bounded laterally by a plurality of flat wall elements arranged to form a polygon; and crushing the pre-shredded parts or Guts entering the second baffle space through the vertical gap by means of a wing-shaped rotor rotating in the second impact space.

The method may further comprise the step of discharging comminuted material components through at least one sieve or sieve element which forms at least one wall element or is contained therein.

The method may be performed by the apparatus of the first aspect.

In order to run the process more smoothly or to design the device more reliable, it may be useful and necessary to make the vertical distance, thus the filter function between the first and the second baffle, variable. This can for example be realized by the cylindrical body of the first baffle is at least partially by means of a drive device, preferably vertically, carried out movable. In case of faults or imminent overloads in the drive system, the vertical distance can thus be increased so that a part to be shredded either frees itself from a clamp and remains in the first impact space or just slips into the second impact space. Alternatively, it can of course also be provided that the disc rotor is equipped in its vertical orientation adjustable in height, respectively, its driven axis. Further, a predetermined breaking point could be proposed, which allows the disc rotor to move in its vertical position when extremely high forces act on him or when parts jam. Accordingly, alternatively or in combination, a restoring force (spring action) would be conceivable, which holds the disc rotor, with the exception of a few exceptional situations, in position, but allows the disc rotor to escape before the operation must be stopped or damage to the device occur. For this purpose, it may also be possible to provide an inspection opening on the cylindrical body of the first impact space.

In a further possible embodiment, impact elements which are connected to these machine elements via a corresponding axis can also be arranged above the disk rotor or the wing-shaped rotor. For example, further striking elements could be arranged flexibly, hingedly or rigidly on the axis connecting the disk rotor and the wing-shaped rotor. Also, a corresponding embodiment of the inside of the cylindrical body of the first or the wall elements of the second baffle space with projecting into the baffle spaces static mixing and impact elements would be conceivable.

Further features, characteristics, advantages and embodiments of the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the drawing:

1 shows a schematic side view of an example of an apparatus for crushing according to an embodiment of the present invention;

2 shows a schematic plan view of the second baffle of the device of 1 ; and

3 shows an exemplary wall element for use in a device of 1 ,

The 1 shows an exemplary apparatus for comminuting parts and / or goods containing high-strength substances or mixtures of substances. Like in the 1 shown, the device comprises a baffle reactor 10 in which a first baffle room 11 and a second baffle 21 are formed.

The first baffle 11 becomes laterally by a cylindrical body 12 limited, which is preferably formed as a cylinder of high strength, hardened steel. The cylindrical body 12 is preferably closed and has no screens or other openings in or through the cylinder jacket of the body 12 are formed through. It may be provided a holding device, as in the 1 through the retaining element 31 symbolizes the cylindrical body 12 wearing. The holding device 31 can also serve for lateral support to forces coming from the inside of the baffle 11 on the cylindrical body 11 act, absorb and dissipate. Up the first baffle can through a lid 16 be closed. Down is the first baffle 11 through a disk-shaped rotor, also as a disk rotor 13 designated, limited. To the disc rotor 13 to turn and drive, as in 1 represented, a drive motor 28 , For example, an electric motor or a diesel engine, be provided, the disc rotor 13 via a drive shaft 26 drives.

To be crushed Good, such as refrigerator compressors, motors, coarse castings, composite materials, or other high-strength parts or other goods containing high-strength substances or mixtures, the first baffle 11 can feed in the lid 16 a flap 17 be educated. The goods to be shredded can each individually, or in larger numbers or quantities as a batch in the first baffle 11 be introduced.

That's the first baffle 11 fed, to be crushed Good hits the top of the disc rotor 13 , On top of the disc rotor 13 are impact elements 15 arranged, with baffles, which may consist of a solid metallic or crystalline material such as a hardened steel. If the disc rotor 13 rotates at high speed, finds a momentum transfer from the baffles of the baffles 15 instead of the material to be comminuted, which is thus subjected to an impact stress. Due to the recorded pulse flies good to be shredded within the first baffle 11 around and collides with other things to be minced and / or with the cylindrical body 12 , which also represents an impact stress of the material to be crushed. In this way, the material to be shredded, which was originally supplied, for example, in coarse, large units, such as in the case of a refrigerator compressor or a larger electric motor, increasingly subjected to pre-crushing, so that parts pre-shredded Guts within the first baffle 11 form.

Like in the 1 shown is the disc rotor 13 below the cylindrical body 12 arranged and may have a diameter corresponding to the inner diameter of the cylindrical body 12 equivalent. It is preferable that the diameter of the disc rotor is larger than the inner diameter of the cylindrical body 12 is. The diameter of the disc rotor 13 For example, 20 mm, 40 mm, 60 mm, 80 mm or 100 mm larger than the inner diameter of the cylindrical body 12 be. Between a lower edge of the cylindrical body 12 and the disc rotor 13 is a vertical gap 14 trained in the 1 indicated by a vertical double arrow. The gap 14 may have a height in the range of 20 to 80 mm, preferably in the range of 30 to 70 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 40 to 60 mm. In particular, the gap may have a height of about 50 mm.

Pre-shredded parts can be removed from the baffle 11 through the vertical gap 14 leak out the entire first baffle 11 circulates. The vertical gap 14 acts as a kind of filter, the product to be shredded so long in the first baffle 11 Retains until it has a predetermined by the height of the gap, sufficiently small size. This will prevent too large, coarse parts in the second baffle 21 reach where such large, coarse parts to impair the subsequent crushing process in the second baffle 21 or even lead to jamming, machine downtime and / or damage.

After seeing the vertical gap 14 has happened, the pre-shredded material falls down into the second baffle 21 , To avoid getting pre-shredded material already through the vertical gap 14 wandered between the disc rotor 13 and the wall elements 22 Canted, the distance between the wall elements should be 22 and the circumference of the disc rotor 13 greater than the height of the vertical gap 14 , Thus it can be provided that the distance is at least 1.5 times the height of the gap 14 is at a distance of at least 2 times the height of the gap 14 is preferred. The the gap 14 Downstream transition area is up through a cover 18 covered in order to avoid that pre-shredded parts are ejected from the device.

As further in the 1 to recognize, is in the impact reactor 10 below the first baffle 11 a second baffle 21 educated. At its top becomes the second baffle 21 through the disc rotor 13 limited. The lateral boundary of the second baffle 21 is from a variety of, preferably rectilinear, wall elements 22 formed, which are arranged so that they form a polygon.

With reference to the 2 , which is a schematic plan view of the second baffle 21 shows, can be a number of six wall elements 22 be arranged so that they form a regular hexagon. This number is not limiting and depending on the requirements of the device, in particular depending on the diameter of the second baffle, other numbers of wall elements may be used, such as 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, etc. The wall elements 22 are on holding elements 30 attached, which are the wall elements 22 wear and support.

Referring again to the 1 is shown that the wall elements 22 on a base plate 29 are arranged upstanding, which the baffle 21 limited to the bottom. The wall elements 22 can extend over the entire height of the second baffle 21 extend, for example, from the base plate 29 up to the height of the cover 18 , Alternatively, it is also possible, the wall elements 22 to design in several parts, as in the 1 through the wall element 22 and the above, also flat further wall element 22 indicated.

One possible embodiment of a wall element is in the 3 shown. The 3 shows a flat wall element 22 that has a lot of openings 35 having. The openings 35 extend through the wall element 22 through and may be rectangular, round or slot-shaped. The openings 35 can over the entire surface of the wall element 22 be executed. Alternatively, it is also possible, as in 3 shown that openings 35 only in one as sieve area 36 designated area of the wall element 22a are formed.

It is preferred that at least one wall element 22 is designed as a sieve or a sieve area 36 having. It can also be a plurality or all wall elements 22 as a sieve or with a sieve area 36 be educated. It is also possible that two or more wall elements 22 Sieves or sieve areas 36 have different mesh or opening widths, so that different fractions of crushed material the second baffle 21 through the sieves can leave. Discharged, crushed material may be in a discharge channel 33 for example, to be transported to further processing (not shown).

Referring again to the 2 is a wing-shaped rotor 23 shown within the second baffle 21 is rotatably arranged. Like in the 2 can be seen, the wing-shaped rotor 23 two wings, for example in the form of fixed or detachable arms or rods have. It is also conceivable that the wing-shaped rotor 23 has a number of three or more wings. Baffles are formed on the sides of the wings. The baffles may be formed by side surfaces of the wing. Preferably, the baffles are by impact elements 25 formed on the wings of the wing-shaped rotor 23 are attached. In particular, the baffles 25 be formed by removably received, exchangeable blades, the front blunt surfaces of the blades in the direction of rotation serve as a baffle for processing the material to be crushed.

That in the second baffle 21 crushed material can pass through the sieves or sieve areas of the wall elements 22 discharged to the outside, as indicated by the arrows in the 1 symbolizes. The opening widths of the sieves or the sieve areas specify the size of the shredded material which is discharged. Like in the 1 shown, the sieve or the sieve region of the wall elements extends 22 preferably only up to a height equal to or lower than a bottom of the disc rotor 13 , Above this height, the wall elements can 22 be formed without screen openings or are the wall elements 22a made of solid material. In the transition area, the vertical gap 14 Therefore, there are no openings and / or associated edges that could cause moving material to tilt through the transition area. There is therefore no risk of obstruction of the material flow through the impact reactor 10 ,

Like in the 1 further illustrated, the vane rotor 23 on a bearing and gear unit 27 be attached so that the vane rotor 23 also from the drive unit 28 is driven. It is preferred that the transmission unit 27 is set up so that the vane rotor 23 can be operated at a speed substantially higher than the speed of the disc rotor 13 is. Preferably, the speed of the vane rotor is 2, 3, 5 or 8 times the speed of the disc rotor 13 , Alternatively, the vane rotor 23 also by its own, separate drive unit (not shown) to be driven.

The disc rotor 12 is preferably designed so that it has a substantially flat top. Alternatively, the disc rotor 13 have a concave or convex surface. At the bottom of the disc rotor 13 can have more impact elements 15 be provided, the crushing in the second baffle 21 can support.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

baffle reactor

11

first baffle room

12

cylindrical body

13

disc rotor

14

vertical gap

15

baffle

16

cover

17

flap

18

cover

21

second baffle

22

wall element

22a

another wall element

23

wing-shaped rotor

25

baffle

26

drive shaft

27

Bearing and gear unit

28

drive motor

29

baseplate

30

retaining element

31

retaining element

33

discharge channel

35

opening

36

screening area

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 0859693 B1 [0003]
• EP 1721674 [0005]

Claims (13)

Device for comminuting parts and / or goods containing high-strength substances or mixtures of substances with a baffle reactor ( 10 ), a first baffle ( 11 ) and a second baffle ( 21 ), the first impact space ( 11 ) has a cylindrical body ( 12 ) and a rotatably arranged disc rotor ( 13 ), on whose upper side a plurality of impact elements ( 15 ) are arranged, characterized in that the disc rotor ( 13 ) is arranged so that between the disc rotor ( 13 ) and a lower edge of the cylindrical body ( 12 ) a vertical gap ( 14 ) is formed by the pre-shredded material from the first baffle ( 11 ) in the second baffle ( 21 ) can pass through; the second baffle ( 21 ) laterally by a plurality of flat wall elements ( 22 ) arranged so as to form a polygon; and that a wing-shaped rotor ( 23 ) within the second impact space ( 21 ) is rotatably arranged. Device according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the disc rotor ( 13 ) is larger than an inner diameter of the cylindrical body ( 12 ). Device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the vertical gap ( 14 ) between the disc rotor ( 13 ) and the lower edge of the cylindrical body ( 12 ) has a height in the range of 20 to 80 mm, preferably between 40 and 60 mm, particularly preferably 50 mm. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the baffle elements ( 15 ) on the upper side of the disc rotor have a height that is greater than the height of the vertical gap ( 14 ) between the disc rotor ( 13 ) and the lower edge of the cylindrical body ( 12 ). Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the wall elements ( 22 ) are formed by a sieve element or a sieve element or a sieve region ( 36 ), by the comminuted material components from the second baffle ( 21 ) can be discharged. Device according to claim 5, wherein the sieve element or the sieve region ( 36 ) is set up so that an upper edge of the screen element or of the screen area at the level of the underside of the disk rotor ( 13 ) is arranged. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the disc rotor ( 13 ) further comprises baffle elements, which are arranged on the underside thereof, in order in the second baffle chamber ( 21 ) to act on existing material components. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the direction of rotation of the wing-shaped rotor ( 23 ) in opposite directions to the direction of rotation of the disc rotor ( 13 ). Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a rotational speed of the wing-shaped rotor ( 23 ) substantially larger than a rotational speed of the disc rotor ( 13 ). Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the wing-shaped rotor ( 23 ) has a diameter which is greater than the diameter of the disc rotor ( 13 ). Method for comminuting high-strength parts and / or goods containing high-strength substances or substance mixtures, comprising the steps of: feeding parts to be comminuted and / or goods into a first impact space ( 11 ), wherein the first impact chamber ( 11 ) a cylindrical body ( 12 ) and a rotatably arranged disc rotor ( 13 ), on whose upper side a plurality of impact elements ( 15 ), wherein the disc rotor ( 13 ) is arranged so that between the disc rotor ( 13 ) and a lower edge of the cylindrical body ( 12 ) a vertical gap ( 14 ) is formed, pre-crushing the parts to be crushed and / or goods in the first baffle ( 11 ); Passing through pre-shredded parts or material from the first impact chamber ( 11 ) through the vertical gap ( 14 ) in a second baffle ( 21 ), wherein the second impact chamber ( 21 ) laterally by a plurality of flat wall elements ( 22 ) arranged so as to form a polygon; and crushing the through the vertical gap ( 14 ) in the second baffle ( 21 ) passed pre-shredded parts or Guts by means of a rotating in the second baffle wing-shaped rotor ( 23 ). Method according to claim 11, further comprising the step of discharging comminuted material components through at least one sieve element which comprises at least one wall element ( 22 ) or contained in this. The method of claim 11 or 12, wherein the method is carried out by a device according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

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