DE102009040506B4 - baler - Google Patents

Abstract

A baler for compacting loose waste material and for circumscribing the compacted material into bales, comprising a press box (2) having a filling opening (4) through which the loose material passes into the press box (2), an exit side of the press box (2) pressing channel (3) following in a horizontal orientation, - a pressing die (36) moving back and forth from the initial position through the press box (2) to the vicinity of the beginning of the press channel (3), - a strapping unit ( 6) for strapping the finished pressed bale (B) with strapping material (20), wherein the strapping unit (6) is arranged outside the end section of the press box (2) and openings in the relevant section for passing pulling needles (10) of the strapping unit (6), and - a pushing device for moving at least one of its components or one of its assemblies from a first position he starting position, in at least one second position, a functional position, intermediate position or end position, with a drive unit comprising at least two hydraulic cylinders, - wherein at least two of the hydraulic cylinders are arranged as a master-slave cylinder pair, characterized in that these two hydraulic cylinders (12, 13 ) are in operative connection with structurally identical, hydraulic oil receiving spaces.

Description

The invention relates to a baler for compacting loose material according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

It finds application where loose waste material is pressed into bales for storage, transport and further processing.

Balers are known per se and described for example in the DE 39 18 065 A1 , of the EP 1 190 618 B1 or EP 1 785 351 A1 , There are various types of balers common, including channel balers, which is also the subject of the present application.
The design and size of the baler is based on a specific area of application and on the spatial conditions at the place of installation of the baler. Balers of so-called horizontal design are considered here. In these balers, said waste material is filled from above into a press box via a filling shaft. Between two side walls of the baler and the press box, viewed in a horizontal orientation, on one side of the press box a vorbewegliche and retractable press plate and opposite a press channel arranged. The press plate is usually moved by a hydraulic drive.

The waste material filled in the press box is pressed by the press plate through the press box into the press channel adjacent to the press box.
With several press strokes, a bale composed of a plurality of sections is formed from the respectively filled waste material pre-compressed by the press plate in the press box in the press channel. Once the bale has a given bale length, or after a predetermined number of press strokes, it is wrapped with at least one, usually with a plurality of spaced-apart Umstrürungsmaterial, often binding wire.

A channel baler together with a device for strapping bales is also from the DE 24 19 151 A1 known.

Before the formation of the first section, an open loop or at intervals a plurality of open loops of Umschnürungsmaterial is / are placed at the entrance of the press channel. The Umschnürungsmaterial is endless and stored in the form of rolls on tape storage stations. When inserting the sections of the bale in the press channel, the loop or the loops is applied to the outer periphery of the finished bale. Each time after completion of a bale is drawn with the help of a pulling needle, which is pushed across the press channel, lacing material from one channel wall to the other channel wall and then portions of the so-called lower band and the so-called upper band are knotted or twisted together, so that the lacing material taut against the finished pressed bale; at the same time a new loop is formed; the old sling and the new sling are separated by scissors.

For easy passage of the pulling needles through the press channel, detecting the Schnürmaterials and pulling through the respective Schnürmaterialabschnittes various devices are known. In a preferred embodiment, elements of these devices are also integrated in the front region of the press plate. The pulling needles are usually performed in a guide device and driven together.

From a purely kinematic point of view, the strapping device of said balers works flawlessly. However, in practice, troubles have arisen since the binding wire used is of very different quality; For economic reasons, usually only cheaper wire is used.

For the aforementioned reasons, in a number of applications there is the requirement that the Umschnürungsmaterial should not be metallic, so a plastic tape or a yarn must be used

Plastic tape or yarn can not be twisted. The ends of the still open loops must be welded or knotted together.
The Umschnürungsvorrichtungen the aforementioned balers are less suitable for this purpose.

For strapping with plastic tape or yarn balers are in addition to Umschnürungsvorrichtungen in a design, as they are from the DE 25 04 059 A1 . DE 27 28 203 A1 or for example from the DE 25 40 452 are known. For each one Umschnürung only one tape roll is provided. The band / yarn is pulled from the bottom through the bottom of the press channel before pressing and fixed to a above the upper channel wall on a trolley arranged bracket. When pressing the sections of a bale in the press channel here L-shaped open loop is provided per provided lashing instead of a U-shaped open loop.

After completion of the predetermined bale length or achievement of a predetermined Number of press strokes with a draw needle, a band is pulled from below the press channel to above the press channel. The end of the lace material temporarily fixed to the trolley prior to pressing a bale is now tied to the other protruding portion of the lace material, so that a tight loop is applied to the bale. The liberated end of the drawn above the press channel portion of the lace material is attached to the trolley before pressing another bale.

On the one hand, there is a constant demand on the market to optimize the efficiency of baling presses with regard to the work process, maintenance and labor costs, but on the other hand there is also a demand on the market to reduce the investment costs which are not insignificant for baling presses. So on the one hand the variety of functions and reliability are to be increased, on the other hand manufacturing and operating costs are reduced.

From the DE 3918064 C2 Furthermore, a device for circumscribing bales in a baler is known in which, however, the carrying axle and the guide rod of the strip guide station of the strapping unit are not detachable.

Furthermore, from the DE 1426548 , Which represents the next reaching state of the art, an overload protection for in-line hydraulic drive cylinder, but realized on a press, known, having the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Against this background, the invention is based on a press in which the Umschnürungsmaterial below the press floor is fed to the Umschnürungsbereich the baler, that works only with sub-bands.

Here, the object is to provide a baler, in which the Umschnüren the bales by modernized components and assemblies is generally easier and safer and the cost of manufacturing, for the operation and maintenance of relevant units / components over known Umschnürungsvorrichtungen for balers is lower.

The object is achieved by a baler with the features of claims 1, 2, 7, 8 or 9. The subordinate claims 3 to 6 disclose variants and advantageous embodiments of the invention.

The core of the invention, the new baler for compacting loose waste material, is a novel sliding device for moving at least one of its components or one of its assemblies from a first position (home position) to at least a second position (operative position, intermediate position, end position).

This new pusher has a drive unit with at least two hydraulic cylinders, wherein at least two of the hydraulic cylinders are arranged as a master-slave cylinder pair.

In a new, special design, each housing of a hydraulic cylinder of the master-slave cylinder pair is arranged on a stationary base such that the piston rods are moved parallel to each other moved linearly in opposite directions or retracted and whose free ends are connected to the moving component / assembly, wherein one of the piston rods is connected with the interposition of a contact member with the component / assembly to be moved.

Advantageously, the new pusher is used in a baler for compacting loose material and for strapping the compacted material into bales having a press box having a filler opening through which the loose material passes into the press box, an output side of the press box in a horizontal orientation following press channel as well
a from a starting position through the press box through to the vicinity of the beginning of the press channel forward and backward movable plunger and a Umschnürungseinheit for strapping the finished pressed bales with Umschnürungsmaterial. The Umschnürungseinheit is disposed outside the end portion of the press box, wherein openings are provided in the relevant section for the passage of Ziehnadeln the Umschnürungseinheit.
The, comprising two hydraulic cylinders, drive unit of Umschnürungseinheit for the band drawing station together with pulling needles is designed according to the new pusher.

First, it is provided that the banding station of the Umschnürungseinheit is arranged vertically aligned with the relevant section of the press box.

Alternatively, the new pusher, the band-pulling station of the lacing unit can be arranged horizontally aligned with the relevant section of the press box.

In a further special design, the hydraulic cylinders of the master-slave cylinder pair, ie their housing, are fastened to a stationary base part of the band drawing station. The free ends of the piston rods are articulated by means of connecting parts in each case at the opposite end of a movable transverse yoke of the band drawing station, wherein one of the piston rods is connected directly and the other piston rod indirectly, with a contact member with the transverse yoke.

The pulling needles of the band drawing station are attached to the cross yoke. In an initial position of the pulling needles whose free end portions are each positioned with guide elements arranged on the base part and are guided by the same when lowering and lifting.

The new baler is used for compacting loose material, such as preferably for pressing paper, cardboard, foils, expansive foams, styrofoam, hollow bodies, PET containers, metal buckets, barrels and the like packaging material.
It is used in wholesaling, trade, commerce, logistics companies, central warehouses, the paper industry, printing companies, industrial companies, waste disposal companies and distribution centers, ie where loose waste material is pressed into bales for storage, transport and further processing.

• 1 eine Ballenpresse in einer Seitenansicht mit der neuen Schiebevorrichtung für bewegte Bauteile bzw. Baugruppen, die in der Umschnürungeinheit verwendet wird;
• 1a die in 1 gezeigte neue Ballenpressen in einer Perspektivansicht mitsamt deren Bandziehstation in einer ersten Arbeitsposition;
• 1b die neue Bandziehstation gemäß 1a in einer weiteren Arbeitsposition;
• 2a und 2b das Arbeit-Prinzip des hydraulischen Antriebes der Bandziehstation;
• 3a bis 3e eine neue Anordnung der Zuführung von Umschnürungsmaterial als Unterband;
• 4.1 bis 4.16 Arbeitsschritte für das Anlegen einer Umschnürung an einen in einer Ballenpresse nach 1 gepressten Ballen.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to embodiments shown schematically in drawings in detail and in the following.
Show it:

• 1 a baler in a side view with the new sliding device for moving components or assemblies used in the Umschnürungeinheit;
• 1a in the 1 shown new balers in a perspective view together with their band drawing station in a first working position;
• 1b the new tape drawing station according to 1a in another working position;
• 2a and 2 B the work principle of the hydraulic drive of the band drawing station;
• 3a to 3e a new arrangement of the supply of Umschnürungsmaterial as a sub-band;
• 4 .1 to 4.16 Steps for applying a strapping to a baler 1 pressed bales.

The 1 . 1a and 1b show the new baler 1 in a side view and in perspective.
In this illustration - seen from right to left - in the transition area of their press box 2 to her press channel 3 a strapping unit 6 provided, with their 6 Bandziehstation 8th essentially on its 2, 3 upper wall and its 6 Bandleitstation 7 below its 2, 3 bottom 39 is positioned.

The press channel side paneling of the lacing unit 6 is in the Figuenr 1a and 1b removed, leaving other components of the strapping unit 6 to see, in particular the components and assemblies of the new tape drawing station 8th using the new drive, the sliding device for moving assemblies according to claim 1.
Vertical aligned pulling needles 10 the banding station 8th are at a cross yoke 11 held. This cross yoke 11 is located above a base part 9 the banding station 8th , In or on the base part 9 is for every pulling needle 10 a guide element 18 intended. The free ends of the pulling needles 10 are in the waiting position above the upper wall of the press channel 3 ,

In the side areas of the base part 9 in each case a hydraulic cylinder is fixed. It is in a new constructive and inventive design, see. this the 1 to 2 B , a lower, first hydraulic cylinder 12 positioned so that in action outside the hydraulic cylinder 12 moving section of its piston rod 14 above the base part 9 emotional.

The second hydraulic cylinder, the upper 13, is on the base part 9 In contrast, arranged so that in action outside the hydraulic cylinder 13 moving section of its piston rod 15 always below the base part 9 emotional.

The free end of the piston rod 14 the lower, first hydraulic cylinder 12 is sideways the pulling needles 10 at an outer area of the cross yoke 11 with a connecting part 16 arranged. The free end of the piston rod 15 the other, second hydraulic cylinder 13 is with the interposition of a contact element 19 with the opposite end portion of the cross yoke 11 with a connecting part 17 connected.

The 1a shows the tape drawing station 8th and their pulling needles 10 in a waiting position. With the reference number S is the direction of movement marked in which the pulling needles 10 for grasping the banding material 20 move. Once in the press channel 3 a bale (cf. 4 .9) is produced with a predetermined bale length or after reaching a number of predetermined press strokes remains the ram 36 at the beginning of the press channel 3 in a front, the end position of a pressing stroke are temporarily, so that still pressure is exerted on the compressed into a ball of waste material (see. 4 .9).

Then the drive of the band drawing station 8th switched on. By means of the moving piston rods 14 and 15 the hydraulic cylinder 12 and 13 becomes the crossbar 11 together with the pulling needles 10 so far lowered until its free ends below the ground 39 are (cf. 2a and 2 B) ,

Subsequently, the drive of the hydraulic cylinder is switched, the pulling needles 10 drive back upwards until you reach your waiting position (cf. 1a) ,
In this backward movement, each pulling needle takes 10 a plastic band 20 forming a unilaterally open loop to above the upper wall of the balers 1 With.

The by means of the pulling needles 10 pulled up portions of the Umschnürungsmaterials 20 are then with the abutting at the top of the formed bale portion of the Umschnürungsmaterials 20 connected; the details of this will be discussed later in connection with the illustrations in the 4 .1 to 4.16 are explained in detail.
The reference numbers used in the figures of the application have the same meaning each, even if they are not explicitly mentioned in the description of each figure.

By the new design of a sliding device for moving components or assemblies of a baler used here, the Umschnürungseinheit 6 , in particular their banding station 8th be produced and operated much cheaper.

The special feature of this is a novel master-slave hydraulic cylinder pair, with which, despite the opposite extension of the piston rods 14 and 15 , a special application of force for a uniform movement of the cross yoke 11 he follows.

In addition, it is advantageous that hydraulic cylinders of the same, simple design can be used.

In contrast, master-slave systems known in the art required hydraulic cylinders of special, complex design; such are not necessary here.

In the 2a and 2 B the operation of the two hydraulic cylinders is shown in schematic representation in detail. In the 2a is the cross yoke 11 in an upper, waiting position. In the 2 B is the cross yoke 11 lowered, the pulling needles 10 are now with their free ends below the press box 2 or of the press channel 3 ,

The upper hydraulic cylinder 13 becomes at his first neck 13a Oil supplied from the oil circuit. As a result, his piston rod becomes 15 extended. This is the cavity between the piston rod 15 and the inner wall of the housing of the hydraulic cylinder 13 existing hydraulic oil at its second port 13 b derived and the hydraulic cylinder 12 over the second nozzle 12b fed such that in the one hydraulic cylinder 15 displaced volume of hydraulic oil in the same space of the second hydraulic cylinder 12 is introduced, so here also in the cavity between the piston rod 14 and the inner wall of the housing of the hydraulic cylinder 12 , The piston rod 14 of the hydraulic cylinder 12 is pushed in during this process. That at the first neck 12a of the hydraulic cylinder 12 simultaneously escaping hydraulic oil flows into the oil circuit.

In this new type of master-slave hydraulic cylinder pair, the piston surface of the piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder acts 13 to the piston surface of the piston rod of the other hydraulic cylinder 12 and the piston ring surface of the one hydraulic cylinder 13 to the piston ring surface of the second hydraulic cylinder 12 ,

In conventional master-slave hydraulic cylinder pairs, this is fundamentally different; in those always act a piston surface of the one hydraulic cylinder and the piston ring surface of the other hydraulic cylinder together. It is always functional requirement that the piston surface and the piston ring surface, which work together, have the same area size.

In the prior art so special hydraulic cylinders are necessary, which have a higher production cost and thus are more expensive.

In the subject of the present invention quasi "simpler" and thus cheaper hydraulic cylinders can be used.

The steps for positioning the banding material 20 at the baler 1 before performing the first pressing stroke, for strapping a bale B and for positioning the banding material 20 before the first press stroke to produce another bale B are in the 4 .1 to 4.16 shown schematically.

According to 4 .1 is the banding material in a tape supply station 21 stored, which, in this embodiment, the side of the drive area 5 the baler 1 is. Here is a plastic strap as Umschnürungmaterial 20 used, this plastic band 20 has a flat, substantially rectangular cross section, but is not set to this cross section. The cross-section of the necking material may be round, elliptical, half-round or another cross-sectional shape.

The free end 40 a plastic band 20 is from the in the tape storage stations 21 withdrawn tape roll and a first tape guide 22 and a second tape guide 23 below and / or to the side of the floor 39 the baler 1 up to a stripline 7 guided and fixed there, cf. For this 4 .1 and 4.2.

This belt guide station 7 is part of the strapping unit 6 ; it will be described in detail later.

With the banding station already mentioned earlier 8th become the pulling needles 10 Siphoned until their free ends hit the ground 39 the baler 1 have passed through and below the plastic band 20 are located. As already mentioned, is now the front of a punch 36 arranged press plate 37 in its front, press channel side position. The vertical grooves 38 the press plate 37 are here below the Ziehnadeln 10 , Then the pulling needles 10 back to their starting position, the waiting position moves, cf. 4 .4 to 4.7.

In this case, a driver provided on each pulling needle captures the respective plastic band 20 and pull the same, forming an open loop 41 up, up sections 42 . 43 the formed V-shaped loop 41 of plastic tape 20 above the press channel 3 or of the press box 2 are.

Then in the loop curvature, the plastic tape 20 intersected. The one below the ground 39 fixed section 42 the former loop 41 falls back, leaving him below the ground 39 to come, cf. 4 .6.

The other, to the press plate 37 wayward section 43 the loop 41 goes so far to above the press channel 3 pulled to his free end 43a behind a position P lies, cf. 4 .6 and 4.7.

This position P corresponds approximately to the length of a press channel 3 pressed bale. The position P at the same time defines the position of the front surface of a finished bale B ,

Above the press channel 3 are in the area of the bushings for the Umschnürungsmaterial clamping body 35 provided in appropriate numbers. When positioning the section 43 is the clamping body 35 in a position "open" and will after the positioning of said section 43 closed.

In the clamping body 35 becomes the plastic band 20 guided and held only so tight that it is kept in a tight state, cf. 4 .7.

With several press strokes then the first bale B 1 pressed until its front surface in the pressing channel 3 the position P reached. The section, the length between this position P and the front of the press plate 37 is the length of a bale B , This length can be adjusted by the operator of the baler depending on the design of the baler or according to the material to be compacted or material mixture of waste or it is in the control unit of the baler 1 is automatically retrieved during entry of the material type of the waste to be pressed on the control unit.

After reaching this process step, cf. 4 .9, become the ribbon-pulling needles 10 , see. 4 .10, lowered again. They each pass through a vertical groove 38 in the press plate 37 until its 10 free ends under the section of the plastic band 20 that is there from below the ground 39 to the inside
Bottom surface of the press channel 3 is transferred, cf. 4 .11. Then the tape drawing needles 10 from the banding station 8th moved back to their original position, this is from each provided pulling needle 10 a plastic band 20 captured and taken up, again forming a loop, here the reference numeral 41 ' has, with their sections 42 ' and 43 ' , After reaching the upper position becomes the formed loop 41 ' separated in their inversion.

The now free section 42 ' is through a ball-side slot in the press plate 37 (not shown here) passed and to the rear, the press plate 37 facing surface of the bale B1 created and in its upper edge area with the free end 43a of the band section 43 knotted or twisted, depending on what kind of Umschnürungsmaterial is.
The to the press box 2 pointing section 43 ' is in turn, as described above, pulled up as far as the free end 43'a behind the position P is and is guided with the clamping body, cf. 4 .14 and 4.15.
Thereafter, by means of several pressing strokes of the press ram 36 a new bale B2 from waste material in the press channel 3 shaped, cf. 4 .15 and 4.16.

For a good handling of the Umstürungsmaterial when positioning before the first press stroke and the knot on the finished pressed bale B is the one below the ground 39 arranged Bandleitstation 7 specially designed, the details of which are in the 3a . 3b . 3c . 3d and 3e shown in different views.

In a new, inventive design belong to this belt guide station 7 a management staff 24 and a fixing rod 25 that under the ground 39 the baler 1 in the area of bushings for the pulling needles 10 are arranged.

The management staff 24 is to the press box 2 down and the mounting rod 25 to the pressing channel 3 aligned and transverse to the feed direction of the press ram 36 underneath the ground 39 releasably secured.
This is on one side of the floor 39 one locking part each 26 attached. The management staff 24 as well as the attachment rod 25 have a handle at one end 28 and two upwardly directed tabs 27 , the opposite end of the two components 24 . 25 is free.

These free ends are used to set each in one of the remaining parts 26 stuck and with its other end by means of the tabs 27 on the other side of the floor 39 , see. For this 1 , detachably fastened. This is one of the tabs 27 put on a bolt provided on the body of the baler and then in the second tabs 27 held threaded screw on the carcass.

The management staff 24 also has guide rings 29 through which the second tape guide 23 upcoming plastic band 20 is passed to its end 40 at a notch 30 and drilling 31 of the mounting rod 25 to fix. Between the management staff 24 and the fixing rod 25 are on the ground 39 in the area of the passages for the pulling needles 10 guide plates 32 arranged, with which the plastic strip 20 is guided in a position that the detection of selbigem by the free ends of the pulling needles 10 facilitated.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

baler

2

Press box

3

Press channel

3 a

upper wall of Pos. 3

4

fill opening

5

driving range

6

Umschnürungseinheit

7

Bandleitstation

8th

Band drawing station

9

base

10

drawing needles

11

crosshead

12

lower, first hydraulic cylinder

12a, 12b

Nozzle (hydraulic connection)

13

hydraulic cylinders

13a, 13b

Nozzle (hydraulic connection)

14

Piston rod from item 12

15

Piston rod from item 13

16, 17

Connecting parts (sleeves)

18

guide elements

19

contact member

20

Binding material (plastic tape)

21

Strip supply station

22

first tape guide

23

second tape guide

24

Corporate Office

25

mounting rod

26

catch part

27

flap

28

Handle

29

Guide channel at pos. 24

30

Notches in pos. 25

31

Holes in pos. 25

32

guide plates

35

tensioning body

36

press die

37

press plate

38

vertical grooves

39

Bottom of Pos. 1

40

free end Pos. 1

41.41 '

open loop

42, 42 '

sections

43, 43 '

sections

43a, 43'a

Free ends of Pos. 43, 43 '

P

Position (bale length)

B 1

first bale

B 2

second bale

S

Direction of movement (direction of gravity)

Claims (6)

Baler for compacting loose waste material and for necking the compacted material into bales, comprising - a press box (2) having a filling opening (4) through which the loose material passes into the press box (2), - a pressing channel (3) following in a horizontal orientation on the output side of the press box (2), - one from a starting position out of the press box (2) through to the vicinity of the beginning of the press channel (3) back and forth movable press ram (36), - a Umschnürungseinheit (6) for strapping the finished pressed bale (B) with Umschnürungsmaterial (20) - wherein the Umschnürungseinheit (6) outside the end portion of the press box (2) is arranged and in the relevant section openings for the passage of Ziehnadeln (10) of the Umschnürungseinheit (6) are provided, and - a sliding device for moving at least one of its components or one of its structural units from a first position, a starting position, in at least one second position, a functional position, intermediate position or end position, m it is a drive unit comprising at least two hydraulic cylinders, - wherein at least two of the hydraulic cylinders are arranged as master-slave cylinder pair, characterized in that these two hydraulic cylinders (12, 13) are in operative connection via identically constructed, hydraulic oil receiving spaces. Baler after Claim 1 , characterized in that the sliding device is associated with the Umschnürungseinheit (6). Baler after Claim 2 , characterized in that the hydraulic cylinders (12, 13) are arranged such that the piston rods (14, 15) are moved parallel to each other and linearly pushed out or retracted in each movement while the drawing needles (10) or their holding part, preferably a transverse yoke (11) are moved uniformly in one or evenly in the other of the directions of movement. Baler after Claim 2 or 3 , characterized in that a banding station (8) of the Umschnürungseinheit (6) is arranged vertically aligned with the relevant section of the press box (2). Baler after Claim 2 or 3 , characterized in that a band-pulling station (8) of the strapping unit (6) is arranged horizontally aligned with the relevant section of the press box (2). Baler after Claim 4 or 5 , characterized in that each housing of the hydraulic cylinders (12, 13) of the master-slave cylinder pair is fixed to a fixed base part (9) of the band drawing station (8) and the free ends of the piston rods (14, 15) by means of connecting parts (16 , 17) are each connected to the opposite end of a transverse yoke (11) of the band drawing station (8), one of the piston rods (14, 15) being connected to the transverse yoke (11) by a contact member (19), 11) the pulling needles (10) of the band drawing station (8) are mounted and in a starting station of the pulling needles whose free end portions with the base part (9) arranged guide elements (18) are positioned and guided.

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