DE102006002826A1 - Method for producing bricks and bricks produced by the method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the production of bricks, in particular perforated bricks, wherein each brick has a substantially cubic body having a plurality, at least two, a length and a width, separated by webs cavities, at least partially the inclusion of an insulating material serve, in which the brick is made of a starting material to form the cavities. In order to develop a generic method for the production of bricks such that a rational production of bricks in different lengths and widths is possible, the bricks have very good insulation properties, in sufficient variability in terms of their sound and / or thermal insulation properties can be produced, with a secure Anchoring of the insulating material is to be given without the fire protection properties change significantly, are used in a method according to the invention at least one, in particular several, preferably all cavities moldings of an insulating material, wherein the moldings with a volume greater than the volume of the cavities, preferably are formed with a relation to the cavities larger width and / or length, so that the moldings are frictionally held in the cavities.

Description

The The invention relates to a method for producing bricks, in particular perforated bricks, each bricks being essentially cubic body having a plurality, at least two, a length and a width, by webs has separate cavities, at least partly the inclusion of an insulating material serve, in which the brick from a starting material under Forming the cavities made becomes. Furthermore, the invention relates to a brick, in particular Hollow brick with a substantially cubic body, which has several, at least two, one length and having a width, separated by webs cavities, which at least partially serve to receive an insulating material.

Bricks, In particular perforated bricks are made of clay, loam or clayey masses molded with or without the addition of substances other than machine tiles and at 800 to 1,000 ° C burned. Such bricks have a cubic body with a Width up, usually with a wall thickness one out of the bricks matches the building wall to be produced. Therefore, such bricks are in different widths produced. But it is also conceivable that several bricks with their narrow sides lying together in a building wall to be ordered. For example, two such Mau have strength, which essentially corresponds to twice the width of the bricks. In the course of the rationalized creation of appropriate building walls has but it prevailed to hold up bricks with widths, the the wished wall thickness correspond to the building walls.

For example, such a brick from the DE 31 00 642 A1 known. This is a hollow brick with insulating layers, which are arranged parallel to two opposite outer sides of the hollow brick in spaces of the hollow brick and spaced from each other by at least one of empty voids interspersed area. The interspersed by insulation layers areas are also distanced against the parallel to them outer sides of the hollow brick through such penetrated by empty cavities areas. As an insulating material of this prior art called foamable insulation, so for example polyurethane or polystyrene, which is foamed into the space provided for the hollow brick. Furthermore, mineral wool is called as insulating material, without this prior art discloses how mineral wool is to be introduced into the spaces of the hollow brick. According to this prior art, it is also possible to insert prefabricated insulation boards, for example foam boards in the spaces of the hollow brick.

Another brick is from the DE 35 32 590 A1 known, said brick has a base provided with air chambers. On at least one side of the base body first webs are formed, which extend over only a part of the height of the base body. At these webs a first shell is formed parallel to the main body. On the first shell and / or on the other side of the base second webs are formed, to which a second shell, also formed parallel to the base body, which also extend over only a portion of the height of the body, and that offset to the first Stegen. The space between the shells and / or the space between the base body and the shell is filled with insulation material, wherein the insulating material foam, cork, cork, coke, wood wool, glass wool and rock wool are called. Furthermore, synthetic fibers are possible, which rule in the space between the shells and / or between the body and the shell sprayed, poured or can be inserted.

Another brick in the form of a grid brick is from the DE 296 09 385 U1 is known. This lattice brick has a circumferential wall, wherein at least two opposite sides of the wall on the respective outer side of the lattice brick have recesses or bulges which engage in a lateral juxtaposition of a plurality of lattice bricks. Furthermore, the lattice brick has internally arranged webs which define vertically extending cavities. In this lattice brick, it is provided that within the circumferential wall at least one of the vertical webs free interior space for receiving insulation material is formed. This interior space is formed substantially larger compared to the cavities. As insulating material is glass wool, mineral wool, a foamed plastic or an insulating material made of synthetic fibers, in particular made of hollow fibers.

Furthermore, from the DE 200 12 221 U1 a previously known brick trained brick, the two formed on opposite outer sides of the brick, in use position horizontally arranged bearing sides, two trained on opposite outer sides, pointing in the shock direction, in use position vertically arranged butt joints, preferably with butt joint teeth, two formed on opposite outer sides, in the position of use vertically arranged, preferably free outer sides, wherein in the interior of the brick in the use position vertical court Hole chambers are formed, which pass through the brick by being open on at least one bearing side, preferably on both sides of the bearing. Of these perforated chambers a plurality of perforated chambers are formed with a smaller hole cross section, wherein at least one perforated chamber is formed as an insulating material receiving perforated chamber with a larger hole cross-section. As Dämmmaterial a compact Dämmmaterialkörper is provided which corresponds in terms of its outer dimensions, that is, in terms of its axial length and its cross-section, precisely to the dimensions of the receiving him Lochkammer. In order to keep this insulating material body in the perforated chamber, the se has a protruding into the hole cross-section molding in the form of a projecting strip-shaped nose. This nose is pressed into the insulating material, so that the insulating material is clamped in the hole chamber.

It are finally Bricks, namely perforated bricks known in the market, which have a cubic body of a width according to the trainee wall thickness of the building wall has. In this cubic body are cavities provided, which are filled with a Perlitfüllung as insulation.

The The bricks described above have various disadvantages on. So it can be seen that the introduction of insulating materials in the form of a bed, for example, from perlite, vermiculite or foam glass the disadvantage has that fill must be sintered or provided with a binder, to harden the bed to allow in the brick. Will this bedding introduced only after the production of the cubic body, so needs it a curing time of bulk, before the brick is ready for sale. If necessary, this can curing through a supplementary Burning shortened become. About that In addition, there is the disadvantage that the cavities in the different Bricks absorb a different amount of insulation, so that appropriate insulating materials must be kept in different configurations. This This is especially true for bricks that are preformed Insulating bodies are filled should. Usually is for every brick length and width the provision of appropriate Därnmstoffkörper required. Furthermore have the previously known bricks partly the disadvantage that the not introduced insulation body are arranged with sufficient adhesion in the cavities, so that the Dämmstoffkörper either with additional Glue or protrusions in the cavities must be attached. The use of glue leads sometimes the required fire resistance class not respected due to the use of organic ingredients can be. The embodiment of additional projections as Clamping leads to more complex forms in the production of bricks and to the problem that these projections in machining, especially when mechanically inserting the insulation elements damaged or destroyed can be so the success is highest is doubtful. About that In addition, these bricks have the disadvantage that, despite the additional projections in the insulating material receiving cavities the insulating material falls out when the bricks in their longitudinal direction get cut. Bricks, which are provided with bulk fillings, can during Cutting or slicing tend to be that the bulk filling is not is sufficiently fixed and trickles out. That's why special, offered as cut stones bricks offered. In addition, show bulk fillings a thermal conductivity from a minimum of 0.043 W / mK.

outgoing From this prior art, the invention is based on the object a generic method for the production of bricks such that a rational production of bricks in different lengths and Widths possible is, wherein the bricks have very good insulation properties, in sufficient variability can be produced with regard to their sound and / or thermal insulation properties, whereby a secure anchoring of the insulating material should be given, without the fire protection properties change significantly.

Farther It is an object of the invention to provide a brick, in a simpler and cheaper way As a mass product with excellent thermal and / or Schalldämmeigenschaften can be produced, with a secure anchoring of the insulating material should be given without the fire protection properties change significantly.

The solution This task is seen in a method according to the invention in that in at least one, in particular in several, preferably in all cavities moldings from an insulating material be used, wherein the shaped body with a relation to the Volume of cavities larger volume, preferably with one opposite the cavities larger width and / or Length formed be so that the shaped body friction in the cavities being held.

According to the invention it is thus provided that in the cavities of the bricks shaped body be used from an insulating material such that the moldings are firmly connected to the body of the brick and even then remain in the cavities when the cavity is open on one side, and the molding rests only on three surfaces of the cavity. An additional attachment of the moldings is not required, although in some cases this additional attachment, for example by a thermally activated adhesive can be useful and advantageous. The cavities can be identical in width regardless of the length and width of the bricks, so that these cavities in principle with identical wide insulation elements, such as strip, bar or plate-shaped insulating elements of organic or inorganic fibers alternatively organic or inorganic expandable or Foams can be fitted. The provision of different widths of insulating elements is no longer necessary, so that the backfilling of bricks is much more efficient and cheaper.

Regarding the solution The above-mentioned task is in a brick according to the invention provided that the insulating material as a shaped body trained and frictionally engaged in the cavities is used, wherein the shaped body preferably one opposite the cavity larger width and / or length having.

By the frictional Connection between the formed as a molded body insulation material and the body of the brick is the insulating material in the Essentially captive arranged in the cavity, so that too Cutting the brick does not necessarily cause the insulation falling out of the brick.

Further Features and advantages of the method and the brick wall according to the invention emerge from the dependent claims or the following description of advantageous embodiments the method according to the invention or of the brick according to the invention.

Of the Brick is preferably made of inorganic starting materials produced. For example, you can Such bricks from a hydraulically hardening starting material, in particular cement, lime, gravel, split, sand, natural and / or expanded lightweight aggregates with or without the addition of other substances, such as brick dust, Ashes or similar Fabrics or a thermosetting Starting material, in particular of clay, loam or clayey masses with or without the addition of other substances, such as lean and / or spent fuel, for example polystyrene, sawdust, Paper pulp or the like can be produced.

The Production of bricks can be both continuous in the course of a Extrusion or discontinuous carried out in which the Brick individually in a form made by that a variety of shapes are filled with the starting material and the starting material hardens in the molds. As already above called the starting material can cure hydraulically or be supplied to a kiln after a drying process, in which the brick are fired.

A Further development of the method according to the invention provides that the cavities with different lengths be formed, with the greater length a represents integer multiple of the smaller ones. The cavities can thus with moldings made of insulating material stocked be, the moldings in principle a matching one Material thickness and matched to the cavities lengths exhibit. Preferably, the brick has two different long cavities on, with the shorter ones cavities have a length, those with half the length the longer cavities matches. The moldings made of insulating material can Therefore, be kept in a width equal to the length of the longer Cavity corresponds, where for the equipment the shorter one cavities the insulating material for the formation of the moldings halved in width and then in the cavities with the shorter one Length used become.

To Another feature of the method according to the invention, the cavities are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body arranged so that the cavities in the longitudinal axis direction of the Building bricks created building wall run and optimal heat and / or soundproofing a building wall made of it enable.

Preferably become the cavities with a length educated, which is bigger, as the width of the cavities. Furthermore, it is provided that the cavities with a rectangular Cross section are formed so that the required for the filling of the cavities moldings made of insulating material, for example, from mineral fibers bound with binders, and / or plate-shaped can be held where the individual shaped bodies from these mineral fiber sheets or mineral fiber sheets by one Cut at right angles to the big ones surfaces the mineral fiber or mineral fiber plates are separated.

In the cavities with the cross-sectional shape of the cavities substantially over einimmende moldings used from an insulating material.

Of the moldings becomes compressible at least in the direction of opposing surfaces trained and preferably used compressed in the cavity. Compressing the molding before insertion of the molding in the cavity has the advantage that the molding by the onset possibly resulting increased Friction on the inner wall surfaces of the Cavity not damaged becomes. Therefore, there is a possibility for example, shaped bodies from mineral fibers with a relatively low density.

To a further feature of the method according to the invention, the molding is frictionally engaged in Cavity used, wherein the shaped body preferably with a across from the cavity of greater length and / or Width is formed. additional It can be provided that the molded body with at least one inner wall surface of the Cavity is glued. As already stated, moldings are preferably made mineral fibers bound with binders, in particular of stone or glass fibers, but also natural fibers, in particular vegetable and / or animal fibers, such as flax, hemp, sheep's wool and the same.

in this connection it has proved to be advantageous, the moldings with a fiber profile parallel to the big ones surfaces of the molding form, so that the shaped body a high compressibility in the direction of the surface normals the large surfaces of the molding and thus used in compressed form in the cavities can be.

Around the adhesion of the moldings in the cavities to increase, is for a further feature of the method according to the invention provided that the inner wall surfaces of the cavities with a high surface roughness be formed. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the inner wall surfaces the cavities with punctiform and or linear projections are formed, which preferably has a maximum height of 1 mm have. The linear projections are preferably formed interrupted

It is provided according to a further feature of the invention that the cavities be arranged in rows. Preferably, two cavities are in each Row arranged, which have a different length. This is especially useful to stability of the brick, so that the brick not only on Außenwandungsflächen, but also over Webs in the area between adjacent cavities of a row destroyed.

Preferably in each row two cavities are created arranged, wherein a cavity has a length which is twice as is great like the length of the second cavity. The cavities Consequently, have an aspect ratio of one third to two thirds. After another feature the method according to the invention is provided that the cavities with different lengths are arranged alternately in adjacent rows, so that a between the two cavities arranged web in the longitudinal direction of the brick offset to a bridge between two cavities is arranged adjacent to the adjacent row. This embodiment serves the increase the strength of the brick.

Preferably be all Cavities with insulation filled. There is the possibility the cavities with different insulation materials to fill, so that the produced by the process according to the invention Brick on the respective requirements in the building wall can be adjusted. For example, with regard to the sound and / or thermal insulation different Requirements for the bricks, as far as these in the outer wall area or installed in the inner wall area of a building. While in the Exterior wall area First and foremost the thermal insulation of greater Meaning is, should the interior walls in a building mainly on sound insulating properties feature, although there also thermo-insulating properties sought become.

High sound insulation properties are achieved in that at least one cavity, preferably all cavities in a row, are or will be filled with a, in particular granular, material having a bulk density of ≥ 1,500 kg / m ³ , in particular ≥ 2,000 kg / m ³ . A brick produced in this way is then preferably used in the outer wall region in such a way that a high sound-damping result is achieved.

In the method according to the invention, it is further advantageously provided that the moldings are separated from an approximately endless strip-shaped insulating material. It may be provided that the moldings are separated after insertion into the cavities of the approximately endless strip-shaped insulating material. Alternatively, there is the possibility that the moldings are separated from the approximately endless strip-shaped insulating material prior to insertion into the cavities. In both cases, the moldings surfaces flush with the cubic body of the brick so that post-processing of the brick is not required. Does the brick on several arranged in rows hollow spaces, so of course juxtaposed endless strip-shaped insulating materials can be inserted and separated according to the length of the cavities. The shaped bodies are produced as strips, plates or bars from a mineral fiber web divided by one or more cuts in the longitudinal direction. Here, the mineral fiber web is guided parallel to the conveying direction of the bricks above a production line for such bricks and cut according to the number of required strips, plates or rods in the longitudinal direction, whereupon formed as a shaped body strips, plates or rods are compressed and supplied to the cavities in a compressed state , The shaped bodies relax in the cavities, so that they are frictionally held in the cavities due to their greater width and / or length relative to the dimensions of the cavities.

To Another feature of the invention is that the mineral fiber web corresponding to the width of the cavities in different widths Stripes, plates or bars is cut, from which the moldings are separated.

When Advantageously, it has been proven that the cubic body a mantle stone material or a brick fragment with a density ≤ 1.70 kg / dm3 will be produced. For a high thermal insulation performance it is finally achieved in a method according to the invention provided that the brick with a web-cavity ratio in the wall thickness direction from 1 to 2.2 to 2.5 and / or in the longitudinal direction of the wall from 1 to 2.0 to 2,3 is produced. Such a brick has a hole share between 56 and approximate 64% on, so also a correspondingly large amount of insulating material in the brick can be introduced. According to the invention it is thus possible, the Brick with a thermal conductivity ≤ 0.09 W / mK manufacture.

The above-described advantages of the method according to the invention are also in the brick according to the invention given. The brick according to the invention is characterized by the fact that the insulating material is formed as a molded body and friction in the cavities is used, wherein the shaped body preferably one opposite the Cavity larger width and / or length having. Thus, the shaped body stuck in the cavities inserted, so he also at the prevailing rough conditions on construction sites does not fall out of the brick and in particular even then remains in the cavities when the brick For example, is cut to such a way that the cavity open on one side is, leaving the molding only abuts three remaining inner wall surfaces of the cavity. This ensures that one of the bricks according to the invention built building wall one high heat and / or sound insulation having.

Preferably show the cavities different lengths and an identical width, so that a defined volume is predetermined. Due to the identical width of the cavities, the to be used molded body, for example, from insulation boards with constant material thickness, worked out and then in the cavities be used. The moldings are then adapted only to the different lengths of the cavities. It has proven to be advantageous for the cavities to be different lengths have, wherein the greater length a integer multiple of the smaller represents, so for example cavities with half or double lengths compared to standard cavities can be trained.

The cavities preferably extend at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the body, wherein the cavities a length which is greater than the width of the cavities.

One such brick leaves can be produced in a simple manner when the cavities are rectangular Have cross-section, so that the shaped body also rectangular in Cross section are formed. This embodiment of the molded body is especially in plate-shaped Starting material made of insulating material advantageous because the insulating material, which is supplied, for example, web or plate-shaped, only by a cut in the longitudinal direction or transversely to this must be divided into strips that already one on the width of the cavities coordinated material thickness so that over the cut to be performed the length of the molding made of insulating material can be adjusted. According to another feature of the brick according to the invention provided that the shaped body at least in the direction of opposite arranged surfaces are formed compressible. Due to the compressibility of the molded body, these can compressed in a simple manner can be used in the cavities, in which the moldings subsequently expand and held firmly by frictional engagement in the cavities become.

Nevertheless, it can additionally be provided that the molded bodies are glued to at least one inner wall surface of the cavities. For example, the shaped body in the region of an outer surface may have an adhesive layer, which after the Insertion of the shaped body in the cavities can be activated for example by heat.

The moldings are preferably from binder-bound mineral fibers, especially made of stone or glass fibers, as these insulation materials an excellent heat and / or sound absorption property have, about it also in dependence Their density in a simple manner are compressible. Finally are these insulation materials easy to process, especially to cut.

To Another feature of the invention is that the molded body mineral fibers bound together with binders parallel a fiber course to the big ones surfaces of the molding have, so that the molding in the direction of the surface normals the big Surfaces compressible is designed.

Around the adhesion of the moldings in the cavities to increase, It is provided according to a further feature of the invention that the inner wall surfaces the cavities a high surface roughness exhibit. Alternatively or additionally be provided that the inner wall surfaces of the cavities have point and / or line-shaped projections, which preferably has a maximum height of 1 mm and interrupted in the case of linear projections can be trained so they do not use the insertion of the moldings in the cavities hinder. The preparation of the surface roughness can be complementary or alternatively by the surface structure a drag core when extruding a clay brick wall blank or ensured by a correspondingly shaped formwork form become.

The cavities are for a further feature of the brick according to the invention arranged in rows, wherein according to a Continuing in each row two cavities are arranged, which one different length exhibit. Preferably, two cavities are arranged in each row, wherein a cavity is a length which is twice as large like the length of the second cavity. A development of this embodiment sees before that the cavities with different lengths are arranged alternately in adjacent rows. The above lead described embodiments to a high stability a brick according to the invention.

It can According to a further feature of the invention, all the cavities of Brick with insulation filled be. There is the possibility the cavities with different insulation materials to fill, around the brick according to the invention to different requirements of in-building or outboard Set building walls.

A high sound insulation performance is achieved in that at least one cavity, preferably all cavities of a row of the brick is or are filled with a, in particular granular material with a density of ≥ 1,500 kg / m ³ , in particular ≥ 2,000 kg / m ³ .

The brick according to the invention preferably consists of a casing stone material or a brick shard with a bulk density ≤ 1.70 kg / dm ³ , which preferably has a thermal conductivity ≤ 0.40 W / mK and a web-cavity ratio in the wall thickness direction of 1 to 2, 2 to 2.5 and / or in the longitudinal direction of the wall from 1 to 2.0 to 2.3. Overall, an inventive ßer filled with insulating moldings brick with an overall Larnbda ₁₀ value ≤ 0.09 W / mK is formed. The apparent density of the mineral fiber insulating material provided according to the invention is in particular between 13 kg / m ³ and 120 kg / m ³ and has a lambda ₁₀ value of ≦ 0.034 W / mK.

Further Features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following Description of the associated Drawing, in the preferred embodiments of a brick according to the invention are shown. In the drawing show:

1 trained as a hollow brick wall brick for a wall thickness of 24 cm in a plan view;

2 a brick according to 1 for a wall wall thickness of 30 cm in a plan view;

three a brick according to 1 for a wall thickness of 36.5 cm in a plan view;

4 a brick according to 1 for a wall thickness of 40 cm in a plan view and

5 a brick according to 1 for a wall thickness of 49 cm in a plan view.

An Indian 1 illustrated brick 1 has a substantially cubic body 2 on, the two outer wall surfaces three and two perpendicular thereto outer wall surfaces 4 . 5 having. The outer wall surfaces three are flat, while the outer wall surface 4 a nose-shaped projection 6 and the outer wall surface 5 one with the nose-shaped projection 6 correspondingly formed recess 7 having. The in 1 brick shown has essentially a square base.

In the brick 1 are parallel to the outer wall surfaces three running cavities 8th arranged with a length a and a width b. Furthermore, the brick 1 cavities 9 with a length c and the width b. The length c corresponds to half the length a.

The cavities 8th and 9 are in rows 10 arranged and through a jetty 11 separated by a web width d. The rows 10 are by footbridges 12 separated from each other, wherein the webs 12 have a web width e.

Further, the brick indicates 1 in the area of the outer wall surfaces three exterior walls 13 with a thickness f and in the area of the outer wall surfaces 4 . 5 exterior walls 14 with a thickness of g.

In the 1 illustrated embodiment of a brick 1 is a schematic diagram and it will be below regarding the 2 to 5 the corresponding dimensions a to g indicated.

The cavities 8th . 9 are with moldings 15 filled out with binders bound mineral fibers, wherein the mineral fibers have a fiber profile parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cavities 8th . 9 exhibit. The moldings 15 are formed compressible and are in a compressed state in the cavities 8th . 9 used. The moldings 15 have in the relaxed state compared to the width d of the cavities 8th . 9 greater material thickness, so that the moldings 15 frictionally engaged in the cavities 8th . 9 are held. Otherwise, the shaped bodies correspond 15 in terms of their outer contour, the rectangular cross-section cavities 8th . 9 of the brick 1 ,

Although in 1 and also in the following ones 2 to 5 only part of the cavities 8th . 9 with moldings 15 are filled in, it goes without saying that at a brick 1 all cavities 8th . 9 or just part of the cavities 8th . 9 with moldings 15 can be filled, of course, different moldings 15 that is, for example, such form body 15 with a high sound insulation performance and such moldings 15 be used with a high thermal insulation performance.

The in the 1 to 5 represented cavities 8th . 9 have consistently widths of 40 mm. The cavities 8th have a length a of preferably 150 mm, while the cavities 9 have a length c of preferably 75 mm. This results in a brick 1 according to 2 with a width B of 30 cm, which coincides with a wall thickness of a building wall made therefrom, a number of five rows 10 from cavities 8th and 9 each with a width b of 40 mm and a web width e of 16.666 mm.

The bridges 11 have a web width d of 7.334 mm. The thickness g of the outer wall 14 is 7.33 mm in the range of the two in 2 projections shown 6 and 8 mm in the area of the outer wall 14 on both sides of the projections 6 , The thickness f of the outer walls 13 is 16.666 mm and thus corresponds to the web width e.

In the three is another embodiment of a brick 1 shown, which is intended for the production of a building wall with a building wall thickness of 38 cm and thus has a width B of 38 cm.

In contrast to the embodiment according to 2 the embodiment differs according to three in that instead of five rows 10 with cavities 8th . 9 in the embodiment according to 2 now six rows 10 with cavities 8th . 9 and molded articles inserted therein 15 are provided. This also results from the embodiment according to 2 Deviating dimensioning of the web widths e of the webs 12 , which in the embodiment according to three has a web width e of 20 mm. In the same way, the thickness f of the outer wall is 13 of the brick 1 deviating from 2 now 20 mm. The further dimensions a to d and g are consistent with the embodiment according to 2 match.

In the above dimensions A to G and L, the brick 1 according to three a proportion of cavities 8th . 9 of 56.9%, while the proportion of voids 8th . 9 according to the brick 2 60.1%. In the same order of magnitude is thus also the proportion of moldings 15 used as insulating material in the cavities 8th . 9 are used.

In 4 is another embodiment of a brick 1 represented thereby by the bricks 1 according to the 2 and three distinguishes that brick 1 according to 4 has a width B of 40 cm and is therefore intended for a building wall with a wall thickness of 40 cm. With the exception of the thickness f and the web width e, the dimensions of the brick are correct 1 according to 4 with the dimensions of the bricks 1 according to the 2 and three match. Deviating points the brick 1 according to 4 a web width e of 15 mm and a thickness f of also 15 mm. Furthermore, it can be seen that the brick 1 according to 4 in deviation from the brick according to three three projections 6 and consequently also three recesses 7 on the ge opposite outer wall surface 4 Has.

The moldings 15 are in the cavities 8th . 9 used, which cavities 8th . 9 in seven parallel rows 10 are provided. The brick 1 according to 4 has a share of cavities 8th . 9 of 63.1%.

Finally shows 5 another brick 1 with eight rows 10 from parallel cavities 8th . 9 , where the brick 1 two projections 6 in the area of an outer wall surface 4 and two recesses 7 in the area of the opposite outer wall surface 5 having. The brick 1 according to 5 has a proportion of cavities 8th . 9 of 58.9% and is designed with a width B of 49 cm, so that it is intended for a building wall with a wall thickness of 49 cm.

Compared to the above-described bricks 1 also shows the brick 1 according to 5 corresponding dimensions for the lengths a and c and the width b of the cavities 8th . 9 on. Furthermore, the thickness g of the outer wall is also evident 14 consistent with the previously described embodiments of the brick 1 educated. Deviating from this is only the web width e with a measure of 18.888 mm. This measure is also for the thickness f of the outer wall 13 intended.

The above-described and in the 1 to 5 illustrated bricks 1 can be produced in an advantageous manner with a method in which the bricks 1 in a first step from a starting material, such as clay, clay or clayey masses with or without the addition of other substances, such as leaning and / or burnout, such as polystyrene, sawdust, paper fibers or the like extruded from a mouthpiece and then dried and fired ,

Subsequently, it is in all the bricks shown above 1 with different width B easily possible, the cavities 8th . 9 with matching moldings 15 to fill, since the cavities 8th with all bricks 1 of the 1 to 5 are also designed to match, as the cavities 9 of these bricks 1 , For this purpose, it is possible corresponding moldings 15 as stripe-shaped insulating elements to separate from a mineral fiber web, in the. cavities 8th . 9 introduce and cut flush with the surface of the insulation strip before the insulation strips below in the next cavity 8th . 9 with matching dimensions.

Claims (63)

Method for the production of bricks, in particular perforated bricks, wherein each brick has a substantially cubic body which has a plurality of, at least two, a length and a width, separated by webs cavities, which at least partially serve to receive an insulating material, in which the brick is produced from a starting material to form the cavities, characterized in that in at least one, in particular in several, preferably in all cavities ( 8th . 9 ) Molded body ( 15 ) are used from an insulating material, wherein the shaped body ( 15 ) with respect to the volume of the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) larger volume, preferably with respect to the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) larger width and / or length are formed, so that the shaped body ( 15 ) frictionally engaged in the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) being held. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the brick ( 1 ) is prepared from inorganic starting materials. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the bricks ( 1 ) or individually produced in a mold. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the bricks ( 1 ) of a hydraulically hardening starting material, in particular of cement, lime, gravel, split, sand, natural and / or expanded lightweight aggregates with or without the addition of other substances, such as brick dust, ashes or similar substances or a thermosetting starting material, in particular clay, Clay or clayey masses with or without the addition of other substances, such as leaning and / or burnout materials, for example polystyrene, sawdust, paper pulp or the like can be produced. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the molded body ( 15 ) with the cross-sectional shape of the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) is formed substantially coincident. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) having different lengths (a, c), wherein the lengths (a) are integer multiples of the lengths (c). Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body ( 2 ) are arranged extending. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) are formed with a length which is greater than the width of the cavities ( 8th . 9 ). Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) are formed with a rectangular cross-section. Method according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that the shaped bodies ( 15 ) formed compressible at least in the direction of oppositely disposed surfaces and preferably compressed in the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) are used. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaped bodies ( 15 ) in addition to at least one inner wall surface of the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) are glued. Method according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that the shaped bodies ( 15 ) are formed from bound with binders mineral fibers, in particular from stone, glass or slag fibers. Method according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that the shaped bodies ( 15 ) are formed from natural fibers, in particular animal and / or vegetable fibers, such as hemp, flax, sheep or cotton, which are formed bound or unbound. Method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the shaped bodies ( 15 ) with a fiber profile parallel to the large surfaces of the shaped body ( 15 ) be formed. Method according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that the shaped bodies ( 15 ) plate, rod or strip-shaped. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner wall surfaces of the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) are formed with a high surface roughness. A method according to claim 16, characterized in that the surface roughness of the inner wall surfaces of the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) is formed by a corresponding roughening surface drag cores. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner wall surfaces of the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) are formed with point and / or line-shaped projections, which preferably have a maximum height of 1 mm. Method according to claim 18, characterized that the line-shaped Protrusions interrupted be formed. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) in rows ( 10 ) to be ordered. Method according to claim 20, characterized in that in each row ( 10 ) two cavities ( 8th . 9 ) are arranged, which have a different length (a, c). Method according to claim 21, characterized in that in each row ( 10 ) two cavities ( 8th . 9 ), wherein a cavity ( 8th ) has a length which is twice as long as the length of the second cavity ( 9 ). Method according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) with different lengths in adjacent rows ( 10 ) are arranged alternately. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that all cavities ( 8th . 9 ) are filled with insulating material. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) are filled with different insulating materials. Method according to claim 1 or 20, characterized in that at least one cavity ( 8th . 9 ), preferably all cavities ( 8th . 9 ) of a series ( 10 ) is filled with a, in particular granular material with a density of ≥ 1,500 kg / m ³ , in particular ≥ 2,000 kg / m ³ or are. Method according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that the shaped bodies ( 15 ) are separated from an approximately endless strip-shaped insulating material. Method according to claim 27, characterized in that the shaped bodies ( 15 ) after insertion into the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) are separated from the nearly endless strip-shaped insulating material. Method according to claim 27, characterized in that the shaped bodies ( 15 ) before insertion into the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) are separated from the nearly endless strip-shaped insulating material. Method according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that the shaped bodies ( 15 ) as strips, plates or rods of a mineral fiber element, in particular in its longitudinal direction abge be separated. A method according to claim 30, characterized in that the mineral fiber web according to the width (b) of the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) is separated into strips, plates or rods of different widths, of which the shaped bodies ( 15 ) are separated. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the body ( 2 ) is produced from a casing stone material or a brick shard with a bulk density ≤ 1.70 kg / dm ³ . Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the brick ( 1 ) made of materials with a thermal conductivity ≤ 0.09 W / mK. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the brick ( 1 ) is produced with a web-cavity ratio in the wall thickness direction of 1 to 2.2 to 2.5 and / or in the longitudinal direction of the wall from 1 to 2.0 to 2.3. Brick, in particular perforated brick with a substantially cubic body having a plurality, at least two, a length and a width, separated by webs cavities, which at least partially serve to receive an insulating material, characterized in that the insulating material as a molded body ( 15 ) and frictionally engaged in the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) is used, wherein the shaped body ( 15 ) preferably one opposite the cavity ( 8th . 9 ) has greater width and / or length. Brick according to claim 35, characterized in that the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) have different lengths (a, c) and an identical width (b) and preferably have a defined volume. Brick according to claim 35, characterized in that the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) have different lengths (a, c), wherein the length (a) represents an integer multiple of the length (c). Brick according to claim 35, characterized in that the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body ( 2 ) are arranged extending. Brick according to claim 35, characterized in that the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) have a length (a, c) which is greater than the width (b) of the cavities ( 8th . 9 ). Brick according to claim 35, characterized in that the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) have a rectangular cross-section. Brick according to claim 35, characterized in that in the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) with the cross-sectional shape of the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) substantially matching shaped bodies ( 15 ) are inserted from an insulating material. Brick according to claim 35, characterized in that the shaped bodies ( 15 ) are formed compressible at least in the direction of oppositely disposed surfaces. Brick according to claim 35, characterized in that the shaped bodies ( 15 ) in addition to at least one inner wall surface of the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) are glued. Brick according to claim 35, characterized in that the shaped bodies ( 15 ) are formed from bonded with binders mineral fibers, in particular from stone, glass or slag fibers. Brick according to claim 35, characterized in that the shaped bodies ( 15 ) are formed from bound or unbound natural fibers, in particular animal and / or vegetable fibers, such as hemp, flax, sheep or cotton. Brick according to claim 44 or 45, characterized in that the shaped bodies ( 15 ) a fiber profile parallel to the large surfaces of the shaped body ( 15 ) identify. Brick according to claim 35, characterized in that the shaped bodies ( 15 ) are plate-shaped, rod-shaped or strip-shaped. Brick according to claim 35, characterized in that the inner wall surfaces of the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) have a high surface roughness. Brick according to claim 35, characterized in that the inner wall surfaces of the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) have point and / or line-shaped projections, which preferably have a maximum height of 1 mm. Brick according to claim 35, characterized in that the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) in rows ( 10 ) are arranged. Brick according to claim 50, characterized in that in each row ( 10 ) two cavities ( 8th . 9 ) are arranged, which have a different length (a, c). Brick according to claim 50, characterized in that in each row ( 10 ) two cavities ( 8th . 9 ) are arranged, wherein a cavity ( 8th ) has a length (a) which is twice as long as the length (c) of the second cavity ( 9 ). Brick according to claim 50 or 51, characterized in that the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) with different lengths in adjacent rows ( 10 ) are arranged alternately. Brick according to claim 35, characterized in that all cavities ( 8th . 9 ) are filled with insulating material. Brick according to claim 35, characterized in that the cavities ( 8th . 9 ) are filled with different insulating materials. Brick according to claim 35 or 55, characterized in that at least one cavity ( 8th . 9 ), preferably all cavities ( 8th . 9 ) of a series ( 10 ) is filled with a, in particular granular material with a ≥ 1,500 kg / m ³ , in particular ≥ 2,000 kg / m ³ or are. Brick according to claim 35, characterized in that the body ( 2 ) from a casing stone material or a brick shard with a density ≤ 1.50 ( 4 ) kg / dm ³ . Brick according to claim 35, characterized by a thermal conductivity ≤ 0.09 W / mK. Brick according to claim 35, characterized by a web cavity ratio in the wall thickness direction of 1 to 2.2 to 2.5 and / or in the longitudinal direction of the wall from 1 to 2.0 to 2.3. Brick according to claim 35, characterized that the starting material of the brick has a thermal conductivity ≤ 0.35 W / mK. Brick according to claim 35, characterized by inorganic starting materials. Brick according to claim 35, characterized by a hydraulically curing Starting material, in particular cement, lime, gravel, split, sand, natural and / or blown Lightweight aggregates with or without the addition of other substances, such as Brick flour, ashes or similar materials. Brick according to claim 35, characterized by a thermosetting one Starting material, in particular clay, clay or clayey compounds with or without the addition of other substances, such as lean and / or spent fuel, for example polystyrene, sawdust, Paper pulp or the like.