DE10001287A1 - Exhaust gas manifold for motor vehicle internal combustion engine has collector housing attached to the head by studs and sealing gasket - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an exhaust gas manifold for mounting on a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, composed of at least one cylinder support having bores for evacuating the exhaust gas. Said exhaust gas manifold is characterised in that it comprises an exhaust gas manifold collector housing (9) for collecting exhaust gas from the cylinder head, and a sealing device (10) placed between the exhaust gas collector housing (9) and the cylinder head (2). Said exhaust gas manifold collector housing (9) is provided with recesses (12) so that it can be directly connected to the cylinder head (2) by means of fixation means (18), whereby the effect of heat enables movements between the exhaust gas manifold collector housing (9) and the cylinder head (2).

Description

The invention relates to an exhaust manifold for fitting tion on a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine.

EP 0 709 557 A1 describes an exhaust pipe elbow in one version described in many Internal combustion engines is used. Every exhaust pipe is welded to a flange, which is then attached to the Cylinder head of the internal combustion engine is screwed on. The exhaust pipes open into a Sam in a known manner Melrohr, which continues in an exhaust pipe.  

Such known exhaust manifolds are disadvantageous very heavy and expensive and have the further disadvantage on the fact that, due to their great mass, Extract a lot of heat from the exhaust gas. This reduces the temperature of the exhaust gas, which leads to the fact that the catalyst arranged in the exhaust pipe in particular especially when starting the internal combustion engine a very has poor efficiency.

In order to improve the efficiency and light-off behavior of the Ka talysators were developed according to one of the Practice known prior art so-called air developed gap-insulated exhaust manifolds, in which a housing and a gas disposed in the housing management are provided.

Here too, however, it is still proportionate high mass and especially the high effort Welding work when assembling the inner gas guide line surrounding housing and at the An this housing is attached to a cylinder head flange disadvantageous, since both to make such Ab more expensive contributes to the gas manifold. Because of the necessary leak unit of the exhaust manifold can in the known Kon  However, structures on such welding work are not to be dispensed with.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to Exhaust manifold for attachment to a cylinder head to create an internal combustion engine, which is simple and is inexpensive to manufacture, a small mass has and in a simple manner on the cylinder head the internal combustion engine can be attached.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the in claim 1 resolved characteristics.

The exhaust manifold according to the invention can directly with the Cylinder head by suitable fasteners, such as e.g. B. screws. To seal between the exhaust manifold housing and the cylinder head to achieve is only a sealing device between the exhaust manifold housing and the cylinder head necessary and it can lead to complex welding work to be dispensed with.

The exhaust manifold housing can advantageously stretch towards the cylinder head and one  Carry out movement, so that complex construct tions with sliding flanges or the like avoided can be.

A particular advantage of the exhaust gas according to the invention is the low degree of deformation required, whereby very thin sheets with a corresponding ge wrestle mass can be used. this leads to very low material and manufacturing costs as well that the exhaust gas has an extremely small amount of heat is withdrawn. Furthermore, the invention Exhaust manifolds have the advantage of being relatively small space requirements in the engine compartment of a motor vehicle on.

If the Erfin between the exhaust manifold housing and the cylinder head a flange is arranged, is still bes sere sliding movement of the exhaust manifold due to possible thermal expansion of the same against possible above the cylinder head. It also will advantageously the cylinder head from the exhaust gas uncoupled mel housing.  

In a further advantageous embodiment of the Er can find a gas duct in the exhaust manifold be arranged housing. This results in a Air gap-insulated exhaust manifold, which is the exhaust gas due to the thin walls of the gas duct and the air gap between the exhaust manifold and the gas duct relatively little heat deprives. This prevents the exhaust temperature from falling and leads to better light-off behavior and Efficiency one in on the exhaust manifold subsequent exhaust pipe arranged catalyst.

Furthermore, when using a gas guide tion channel advantageously one of inexpensive and existing exhaust gas that is easy to form collector housing can be used, as this is thermal is less heavily loaded.

Also in this embodiment, a flange between between the exhaust manifold housing and the cylinder head be ordered, the better sliding movement of the Ab gas collecting housing opposite the cylinder head allowed.  

In all embodiments, a ge results low degree of deformation, which is advantageously too thin Sheets and thus to very small masses of the individual leads components.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the Invention can be provided that the Gasführungska nal on its side facing the cylinder head a circumferential collar is provided, which together built state at least indirectly between the Exhaust manifold housing and the sealing device turned on is stuck, between the gas duct and the sealing device due to heat called movements are possible.

This results in a very simple attachment of the gas duct, but a shift same in the plane of the cylinder head possible remains vertical and at the same time movements of the same to this level and possibly caused by it rattling can be prevented.

Further advantageous refinements and developments gene of the invention result from the remaining Un claims and from the following based on the Drawing shown in principle game.

It shows:

Figure 1 is a highly schematic internal combustion engine with an exhaust manifold attached to it.

Figure 2 shows the exhaust manifold of Figure 1 in a first embodiment in an exploded view.

Fig. 3 is a section along the line III-III of Fig. 2;

Figure 4 shows the exhaust manifold from Figure 1 in a second embodiment in an exploded view.

FIG. 5 shows a section along the line VV from FIG. 4;

Fig. 6 averaging the exhaust manifold of Figure 1 in a third embodiment in a Explosionsdarstel.

Fig. 7 is a section along the line VII-VII of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is averaging the exhaust manifold of Figure 1 in a fourth embodiment in a Explosionsdarstel.

9 shows a section along the line IX-IX of Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 Lung the exhaust manifold of Figure 1 in a fifth embodiment in a Explosionsdarstel.

FIG. 11 is a section along the line XI-XI of Fig. 10;

FIG. 12 shows a sectional illustration of the exhaust manifold from FIG. 1 in a sixth embodiment; FIG. and

Fig. 13 is a sectional view showing the exhaust manifold of Fig. 1 in a seventh embodiment.

Fig. 1 shows an exhaust manifold 1, which is an internal combustion engine 3 is mounted on a cylinder head 2. In the present embodiment, it is an internal combustion engine 3 in series, in which the cylinder head 2 has only one cylinder bank 4 with in this case four cylinders 5 . In internal combustion engines 3 in a V design, of course, several cylinder banks 4 could be provided, on which then the exhaust manifold 1 would be introduced. In the cylinder head 2 there are a plurality of exhaust gas bores 6 which emanate from the cylinders 5 and which open into the exhaust manifold 1 , as a result of which the exhaust gas reaches the exhaust manifold 1 . The exhaust manifold 1 is provided on its side facing away from the internal combustion engine 3 with an opening 7 , which can be located at an arbitrary point and in which an exhaust pipe 8 is inserted in a known manner. From the gas line 8 there can be a catalyst, not shown, which serves to purify the exhaust gases.

In Figs. 2 to 6 of the exhaust manifold 1 is illustrated in each drawings in various embodiments, by explosion.

The exhaust manifold 1 shown in FIG. 2 consists of a gas collector housing 9 , which receives the exhaust gases from all exhaust gas bores 6 of a cylinder bank 4 , and a sealing device 10 . The exhaust gases can leave the exhaust gas collection housing 9 again through the opening 7 , which is located on the side thereof remote from the cylinder head 2 , and thus reach the exhaust gas line 8 . The exhaust manifold housing 9 is surrounded on its entire circumference by a collar 11 , in which recesses 12 for the implementation of fasteners, not shown in FIG . B. screws. With the fasteners, the exhaust manifold 9 is placed on the cylinder head 2 is .

The sealing device 10 corresponds in shape to the cylinder head 2 facing side of the exhaust gas melgehäuses 9 , extends over the entire area between the exhaust gas collection housing 9 and the cylinder head 2 and accordingly also has a collar 13 with recesses 14 , the positions of which with the positions the recesses 12 in the collar 11 of the Abgassam melgehäuses 9 at least approximately match.

Furthermore, the sealing device 10 has a plurality of bores 15 , the number and the positions of which correspond at least approximately to the positions of the exhaust gas bores 6 in the cylinder head 2 in order to ensure that the exhaust gas flows through the exhaust bores 6 into the exhaust gas collection housing 9 . On its side facing the exhaust manifold 9 , the sealing device 10 is provided with beads or embossments 16 , which create a gap between the cylinder head 2 and the sealing device 10 . The sealing device 10 can be formed, for example, from a metallic material.

Furthermore, Fig. 2 can be seen that the Abgassam melgehäuse 9 has a flange 17 on its outside. This flanging 17 limits the collar 11 of the exhaust gas collection housing 9 to the outside and increases the strength of the exhaust gas collection housing 9 . In the prior embodiment, the exhaust gas housing 9 is made of a high-temperature resistant material and is able to perform slight movements relative to the device 10 and thus against the cylinder head 2 , which are caused by the heat input of the exhaust gas and the associated expansion from Exhaust gas collection housing 9 who caused the.

It would also be possible to manufacture the exhaust gas collection housing 9 from multi-layer sheets in sandwich construction, as a result of which the sound radiation could be reduced. In such a sandwich construction, for example, one layer could be made of steel and the other layer could be made of aluminum, and the manufacture of high-temperature-resistant exhaust gas collection housings 9 would also be possible.

In order to be able to reach an exhaust gas purification in a simple manner, several individual catalytic converter elements 39 are arranged in the exhaust gas collection housing 9 . Each catalytic converter element 39 is assigned to an exhaust gas drilling 6 or a cylinder 5 , so that four catalytic converter elements 39 are provided in all exemplary embodiments. The catalyst elements 39 , which consist, for example, of winding plate known per se, are cylindrical and can be arranged in an upright or lying position. In the Abgassammelgehäu se 9 , the catalyst elements 39 are held by wire mesh elements, not shown. As an alternative to this, it is of course also possible to use a conventional catalyst in the exhaust line 8 , as already mentioned above.

In Fig. 3, the above-mentioned, designed as screws 18 fasteners for attaching the exhaust manifold 9 to the cylinder head 2 is Darge. These are carried out through the recesses 12 in the exhaust gas collector housing 9 and the recesses 14 in the sealing device 10 . By a corresponding tightening of the screws 18 , the above-mentioned displaceability of the exhaust manifold 9 relative to the cylinder head 2 can be adjusted. Here, however, a tightness of the exhaust manifold 1 is guaranteed in any case. Furthermore, it can be seen that the bores 15 of the sealing device 10 are provided with flanges 19 which extend into the exhaust gas bores 6 of the cylinder head 2 .

Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of the exhaust manifold 1 , in which in turn the Abgassammelgehäu se 9 and the sealing device 10 , additionally a flange 20 and a further Dichtungseinrich device 10 a are provided to form the exhaust manifold 1 . In the illustration according to Fig. 4, only the sealing means 10 is to detect a. The flange 20 is provided with holes 21 , the number and positions of which correspond at least approximately to the positions of the exhaust gas holes 6 in the cylinder head 2 . The holes 21 are round out in this case. Furthermore, the flange 20 has a flange 22 and a flange 23 , with recesses 24 being made in the flange 22 , the positions of which correspond to the positions of the recesses 12 in the exhaust gas collector housing 9 .

In this case, the sealing device 10 a has no holes 15 corresponding to the exhaust gas holes 6 , but rather a recess 25 running over almost the entire length and approximately the entire width of the sealing device 10 a. As shown in FIG. 2 is provided the sealing device 10 a but, again, with a collar 13 a and recesses 14 a. Due to the large recess 25 , the seal is made only by the collar 13 a of the sealing device 10 a.

In Fig. 5, the attachment of the exhaust manifold 1 to the cylinder head 2 is shown in section. It can be seen here that the sealing device 10 a is arranged between the flange 20 and the exhaust manifold housing 9 . Between the cylinder head 2 and the exhaust manifold housing 9 is the further Dichtungseinrich device 10 , which, however, in contrast to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 without embossings 16 and without flanges 17 leads out. From this figure also shows that the inner contour of the flanged portion 23 of the flange 20 with the outer contour of 9 within the bead 23 of the flange takes the exhaust gas collector housing 9 surrounding the collar 11 matches so that the Abgassammelge housing 20 square. In this case, however, the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 has no flanging 17 . By embossing or spot welding, the Abgassam melgehäuse 9 can be pre-assembled with the flange 20 .

Here, too, movements caused by the action of heat between the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 and the flange 20 are possible, due to the sealing device 10 a fitted between them. As before, through the recesses 12 in the exhaust manifold 9 , the recesses 24 in the flange 20 and the recesses 14 and 14 a in the sealing devices 10 and 10 a, the fastening means 18 for attaching the exhaust manifold 1 to the cylinder head 2 are performed.

Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of the exhaust manifold 1 , which in turn has the exhaust manifold 9 and the sealing device 10 . From the gas collection housing 9 , however, a gas duct 26 is arranged, which is formed in two parts with a bottom part 27 and a cover part 28 . The Abgassam melgehäuse 9 is provided as before with the collar 11 and the recesses 12 therein and the flange 11 surrounding the flange 17 . The processing device 10 also has the collar 13 , the recesses 14 and the bores 15 as described above.

The bottom part 27 of the gas guide duct 26 made of a high temperature-resistant material is provided with bores 29 , the positions of which at least approximately match the positions of the exhaust gas bores 6 of the cylinder head 2 . In this manner, the exhaust gas can gen gelan into the gas duct 26th Within the gas guiding passage 26 are deflection plates 30 arranged, which stanchions the gas flow from the Boh lead 29 to a line leading to the exhaust pipe 8 the opening 31 which extends in the cover part 28 of the gas guide channel 26 is located. The baffle plates 30 can either be welded to the exhaust manifold housing 9 or the gas guide channel 26 , or can be embossed from the material of the base part 27 and / or the cover part 28 of the gas guide channel 26 . During assembly of the exhaust manifold 1 28 mounted notches 32 are mounted on bracket 33 on the outer side of the lid portion, which provide a mounting of the channel approximately Gasfüh 26th In other words, the holding bracket 33 are arranged such that when attaching the exhaust manifold 9 to the cylinder head 2 by means of the fasteners 18, the holding bracket 33 hold the gas duct 26 . The tightness of the gas guide channel 26 is ensured by the fact that the bottom part 27 fits very snugly with the cover part 28 and these two parts are sealed together by the force applied by means of the retaining bracket 33 . In addition, the base part 27 is stamped or spot welded with the cover part 28 , so that a complete pre-assembly is possible.

The designed as a resilient or damping elements bracket 33 can consist of a high temperature resistant material, for example also from a high temperature resistant wire mesh. This type of assembly means that there is no need for complex welding work.

In the gas guide channel 26 , the above-mentioned catalyst elements 39 can also be arranged for exhaust gas purification and elements can be held in the same with wire mesh, not shown.

As an alternative to the embodiment shown, the gas guide channel 26 can also consist of a material which is permeable to fluids, in this case to exhaust gases. This can be solved, for example, by a fabric or by a perforated plate. As a result, the mass of the gas guide channel 26 is reduced even further and the latter can draw less heat from the exhaust gas. In this embodiment, too, the exhaust gas will nevertheless endeavor to flow in the direction of the opening 31 and only a very small part will reach the exhaust gas collection housing 9 through the gas guide channel 26 .

In Fig. 7 it can be seen that between the gas guide passage 26 and the exhaust collecting housing 9, an air gap 34 is created, which the exhaust gas flowing from the exhaust gas, a collecting case 9 isolated in the gas channel 26. As a result, the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 is heated only insignificantly and thus removes moderately little heat from the exhaust gas ratio, which leads to the fact that the catalytic converter located in the gas line 8 is due to the higher exhaust gas temperatures a better Ansingverhal and has a better efficiency. As a result, the exhaust manifold housing 9 can be made from an inexpensive structural steel, possibly also from an aluminized steel, since it usually does not come into contact with the exhaust gas. Between the exhaust manifold housing 9 and the cylinder head 2 , the sealing device 10 is attached.

The air gap 34 can in all versions in which it occurs, also with sound-insulating mate rialien, such as. B. rock wool, ceramic wool, wire knit or individual pieces of wire pressed together to be filled in order to achieve appropriate sound insulation.

FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of the exhaust manifold 1 , which approximately corresponds to the embodiment according to FIG. 6. In contrast to this, in FIG. 8 the flange 20 is provided underneath the bottom part 27 of the gas guide channel 26, which flange is very similar to the flange 20 according to FIG. 4. However, the bores 21 are oval in the same, ie the diameter of the bores 21 in the longitudinal direction of the flange 20 is larger than the diameter of the bores 21 in the transverse direction of the flange 20 . This enables a displacement or expansion movement of the gas guide channel 26 within the bores 21 due to thermal expansion caused by the exhaust gas temperatures. Due to the accommodation of the exhaust manifold 9 in the flange 20 analogous to FIG. 4, the exhaust manifold 9 is not provided with the Umbörde treatment 17 , but only has the collar 11 .

In Fig. 9 it can be seen that between the flange 20 and the exhaust manifold 9 in turn, the sealing device 10 a and between the exhaust manifold 9 and the cylinder head 2, the sealing device 10 is used. Again, the bracket 33 and the baffles 30 as shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 see easily.

In Fig. 10, another exhaust manifold 1 is Darge, which is very similar to that shown in Fig. 8 th exhaust manifold 1 is formed. Here too, the gas guide channel 26 is provided, which, however, consists of several individual channels 35 , which are each formed with connections 36 to the bores 21 in the flange 20 also provided here. The holes 21 have a round cross section and the connections 36 are inserted into these holes 21 and welded in, if necessary. Alternatively, other shapes of the bores 21 would also be possible, e.g. B. oval or rectangular, in which case the connections 36 would be adapted to these shapes of the bores 21 and in addition a corresponding sealing would take place.

At their connection points, the individual channels 35 are connected to one another by widenings provided at one of the ends of the individual channels 35 , in which the next individual channel 35 is inserted and optionally welded. In the exhaust manifold housing 9 there are retaining rings 37 which lie on the same and surround the gas duct 26 . By the z. B. from a wire mesh existing rings 37 vibrations of the gas guide channel 26 are prevented.

From one of the individual channels 35 , an exit 38 goes through the opening 7 in the exhaust gas collection housing 9 to the exhaust gas line 8 , which housing 9 is also attached to the exhaust gas collection here.

In the section shown in Fig. 11 it can be seen that here, too, the sealing device 10 a collector housing between the exhaust gas 9 and the flange 20, and the like processing device 10 between the flange 20 and the cylinder head 2 are used. Furthermore, as in the embodiments according to FIGS. 6, 7, 8 and 9, the air gap 34 is located between the gas guide channel 26 and the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 . This gas guide channel 26 can also consist of a material which is permeable to exhaust gases and is resistant to high temperatures.

Fig. 12 shows a further exhaust manifold 1 , which if just has a gas duct 26 in its interior. The gas guide channel 26 is provided on its side facing the cylinder head 2 with a circumferential collar 40 which is arranged between the sealing device 10 on its underside and an additional clamping element 41 on its upper side. The clamping element 41 partially overlaps the collar 40 and covers it over its entire circumference. In order to achieve a tightness of the exhaust manifold 1 , the clamping element 41 is provided on its side facing the exhaust gas housing 9 with a circumferential sealing pad 42 .

The fasteners 18 are of course also provided here and clamp with the help of the Klemmele element 41, the gas duct 26 with the desired force between the exhaust manifold 9 and the device you device 10 or the cylinder head 2nd By the above construction, a movement of the Gasführungska is Nals prevents ver 26 perpendicular to the plane of the cylinder head 2, in an appropriate tightening of the screws 18, however, is still one possible in the plane of the cylinder head 2 by the action of heat from dissolved movement of the gas guiding passage 26th

Also, in the exhaust manifold shown in FIG. 13 of the gas duct 26 verses 40 hen with an encircling collar. However, this is directly between the Abgassam melgehäuse 9 and in this case also vorgese hen flange 20 in turn clamped by means of Befestigungsmit tel or screws 18 . In addition, a circumferential sealing device 43 is provided on the circumference of the collar 40 , also between the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 and the flange 20th By on the sealing device 43 in the direction of the cylinder head 2 protruding elevations 44 and / or by a suitable selection of the thickness of the sealing device 43 and corresponding tightening of the screws 18 , a movement of the gas guide channel 26 in the plane of the cylinder head 2 is also possible here, the same unwanted vibrations of the same can be prevented at a time.

Claims (40)

1. Exhaust manifold for attachment to a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, which has at least one cylinder bank provided with exhaust gas bores for the emission of exhaust gas, with the following features:

• 1. 1.1 an exhaust gas collector housing ( 9 ) for receiving exhaust gas from the cylinder head ( 2 ),
• 2. 1.2 a device ( 10 ) arranged between the exhaust gas collector housing ( 9 ) and the cylinder head ( 2 ),
• 3. 1.3 the exhaust manifold housing ( 9 ) is provided with recesses ( 12 ) that it can be directly connected to the cylinder head ( 2 ) via fastening means ( 18 ), the head ( 2 ) being connected between the exhaust manifold housing ( 9 ) and the cylinder ( 2 ) movements caused by heat are possible.

2. Exhaust manifold according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust manifold ( 9 ) receives the exhaust gases from the exhaust gas bores ( 6 ) of a cylinder bank ( 2 ). 3. Exhaust manifold according to claim 2, characterized in that the sealing device ( 10 ) is provided with bores ( 15 ), the positions of which at least approximately match the positions of the exhaust bores ( 6 ) of the cylinder head ( 2 ). 4. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the sealing device ( 10 ) extends over the entire area between the exhaust manifold housing ( 9 ) and the cylinder head ( 2 ). 5. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the sealing device ( 10 ) has recesses ( 14 ) whose positions at least approximately with the positions of the recesses ( 12 ) of the gas collection housing ( 9 ) for receiving the fastening means ( 18 ) to connect the exhaust manifold housing ( 9 ) with the cylinder head ( 2 ) match. 6. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that between the exhaust manifold ( 9 ) and the cylinder head Zy ( 2 ) a flange ( 20 ) is arranged, which has recesses ( 24 ), the posi tions at least approximately with the Positions of the recesses ( 12 ) of the exhaust gas collection housing ( 9 ) for receiving the fastening means ( 18 ) for connecting the exhaust gas collection housing ( 9 ) with the cylinder head ( 2 ) match. 7. Exhaust manifold according to claim 6, characterized in that the flange ( 20 ) is provided with bores ( 21 ), the positions of which at least approximately match the positions of the exhaust bores ( 6 ) of the cylinder head ( 2 ). 8. Exhaust manifold according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the flange ( 20 ) consists of a high temperature resistant material. 9. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that the sealing device ( 10 ) between the flange ( 20 ) and the cylinder head ( 2 ) is arranged. 10. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that between the exhaust manifold housing ( 9 ) and the flange ( 20 ) a sealing device ( 10 a) is arranged. 11. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the exhaust manifold ( 9 ) is provided with an annular around the same collar ( 11 ), in which the recesses ( 12 ) for the fastening means ( 18 ) are introduced. 12. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that the flange ( 20 ) on its outside a Umbör delung ( 23 ), the inner contour of which least least approximately with the outer contour of the gas collecting housing ( 9 ) surrounding the collar ( 11th ) agrees, whereby movements caused by the action of heat are possible between the exhaust gas collector housing ( 9 ) and the flange ( 20 ). 13. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the exhaust manifold housing ( 9 ) consists of a high-temperature turbo-resistant material. 14. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a Gasfüh approximately channel is disposed (26) within the exhaust gas collection housing (9), wherein between the exhaust gas collector housing (9) and the Gasführungska nal (26) an air gap (34) is formed . 15. Exhaust manifold according to claim 14, characterized in that the air gap ( 34 ) is filled with sound-absorbing materials. 16. Exhaust manifold according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the exhaust manifold housing ( 9 ) consists of structural steel. 17. Exhaust manifold according to claim 14, 15 or 16, characterized in that the gas duct ( 26 ) consists of a high-temperature turbo-resistant material. 18. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that the gas guide channel ( 26 ) consists of a material permeable to fluids. 19. Exhaust manifold according to claim 18, characterized in that the fluid-permeable material of the gas guide duct ( 26 ) is a fabric or a perforated plate. 20. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 14 to 19, characterized in that the gas duct ( 26 ) with holes ( 29 ) is seen ver, the positions of which at least approximately match the positions of the exhaust holes ( 6 ) of the cylinder head ( 2 ). 21. Exhaust manifold according to claim 20, characterized in that the gas guide channel ( 26 ) is formed in two parts with a bottom part ( 27 ) and a cover part ( 28 ), with the bores ( 29 ) in the bottom part ( 27 ). 22. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 14 to 21, characterized in that between the exhaust manifold housing ( 9 ) and the gas guide channel ( 26 ) bracket ( 33 ) are arranged such that when attaching the exhaust manifold housing ( 9 ) on the cylinder head ( 2 ) use the fastening means ( 18 ) to hold the holding bracket ( 33 ) in the gas duct ( 26 ). 23. Exhaust manifold according to claim 22, characterized in that the retaining bracket ( 33 ) forms out as resilient elements. 24. Exhaust manifold according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the holding bracket ( 33 ) consist of a high temperature permanent material. 25. Exhaust manifold according to claim 22, 23 or 24, characterized in that the holding bracket ( 33 ) be made of a wire mesh. 26. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 14 to 20, characterized in that the gas guide channel ( 26 ) from a plurality of individual channels ( 35 ) is constructed, each of which has connections ( 36 ) to the exhaust gas bores ( 6 ) of the cylinder head ( 2 ) . 27. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 14 to 20, characterized in that the gas duct ( 26 ) on its side facing the cylinder ( 2 ) is provided with a circumferential collar ( 40 ) which, in the assembled state, at least indirectly between the ab Gas collecting housing ( 9 ) and the sealing device ( 10 ) is clamped, between the gas guide duct ( 26 ) and the sealing device ( 10 ) caused by heat movements are possible. 28. Exhaust manifold according to claim 27, characterized in that the circumferential collar ( 40 ) between the sealing device ( 10 ) and a clamping element ( 41 ) is clamped, which is provided with a circumferential sealing pad ( 42 ). 29. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 14 to 26, characterized in that between the gas guide channel ( 26 ) and the cylinder head ( 2 ), a flange ( 20 ) is arranged. 30. Exhaust manifold according to claim 27 and 29, characterized in that the circumferential collar ( 40 ) of the gas guide channel ( 26 ) is arranged displaceably between the Abgassammelgehäu se ( 9 ) and the flange ( 20 ). 31. Exhaust manifold according to claim 30, characterized in that between the circumferential collar ( 40 ) of the gas guide duct ( 26 ) and the flange ( 20 ) a sealing device ( 43 ) is arranged. 32. exhaust manifold according to claim 26 and 29, characterized in that the individual channels ( 35 ) in the bores ( 21 ) of the flange ( 20 ) are inserted and optionally welded. 33. exhaust manifold according to one of claims 29 to 32, characterized in that the flange ( 20 ) consists of a high temperature resistant material. 34. exhaust manifold according to one of claims 29 to 33, characterized in that the flange ( 20 ) is provided with bores ( 29 ), the positions of which at least approximately coincide with the positions of the exhaust bores ( 6 ) of the cylinder head ( 2 ). 35. exhaust manifold according to claim 34, characterized in that the diameter of the bores ( 29 ) in the flange ( 20 ) in the longitudinal direction of the flange ( 20 ) is larger than the diameter of the bores ( 29 ) in the transverse direction of the flange ( 20 ). 36. exhaust manifold according to one of claims 1 to 35, characterized in that in the exhaust manifold housing ( 9 ) or in the gas guide duct ( 26 ) baffles ( 30 ) are arranged. 37. exhaust manifold according to claim 36, characterized in that the deflection plates ( 30 ) with the exhaust manifold housing ( 9 ) or the gas guide channel ( 26 ) are welded. 38. exhaust manifold according to claim 36, characterized in that the deflection plates ( 30 ) from the material of the bottom part ( 27 ) and / or the cover part ( 28 ) of the gas guide channel ( 26 ) are embossed. 39. exhaust manifold according to one of claims 1 to 38, characterized in that in the exhaust manifold housing ( 9 ) a plurality of individual catalyst elements ( 39 ) are arranged. 40. exhaust manifold according to one of claims 14 to 39, characterized in that in the gas duct ( 26 ) a plurality of individual catalyst elements ( 39 ) are arranged.