EP1389267B1 - Exhaust manifold - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an exhaust manifold (1), which is provided for mounting on a cylinder head (2) of an internal combustion engine and which has a number of exhaust gas boreholes (18) so that exhaust gas can exit. The exhaust manifold has the following features: an exhaust gas collecting housing (9) for receiving exhaust gas from the cylinder head (2); a gas supply channel (14) that is arranged inside said exhaust gas collecting housing (9); an air gap (17) is located between the exhaust gas collecting housing (9) and the gas supply channel (14); a sealing device (10) that is arranged between the exhaust gas collecting housing (9) and the cylinder head (2); the exhaust gas collecting housing (9) has recesses (12) via which it can be joined to the cylinder head (2) by fastening means (13); the gas supply channel's (14) side that faces the cylinder head (2) is provided with a collar (20), which almost entirely encircles the periphery of the gas supply channel and which is at least indirectly wedged between the exhaust gas collecting housing (9) and the sealing device (10) or the cylinder head (2); the exhaust gas collecting housing (9) or a hold-down element (29), which is optionally arranged between the exhaust gas collecting housing (9) and the sealing device (10), comprises an encircling setback (22) inside of which the encircling collar (20) of the gas supply channel (14) is guided whereby making movements caused by thermal effect possible between the gas supply channel (14) and the sealing device (10) and/or between the gas supply channel (14) and the exhaust gas collecting housing (9).

Description

The invention relates to an exhaust manifold for attachment to a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, which has at least one provided with exhaust bores for the outlet of exhaust gas cylinder bank.

From WO 01/11209 A1, which forms state of the art according to Article 54 (3) EPC, an exhaust manifold for attachment to a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine is known which comprises an exhaust manifold, a seal arranged between the exhaust manifold and the cylinder head, and a gas duct wherein the exhaust gas collecting housing is provided with recesses, which allow a connection thereof with the cylinder head, wherein between the exhaust gas collecting housing and the cylinder head caused by heat movements are possible.

EP 0 709 557 A1 describes an exhaust manifold in which each exhaust pipe is welded to a flange which is intended to be screwed to the cylinder head. Starting from the cylinder head, the exhaust pipes open into a common manifold, which then continues in the exhaust pipe.

However, this known exhaust manifold is very heavy and expensive and withdraws by its large mass, the exhaust gases introduced into it very much heat. This leads to a reduction of the exhaust gas temperature, whereby the efficiency of the arranged in the exhaust pipe catalyst deteriorates especially at start and in the warm-up phase of the internal combustion engine.

To counteract this problem, an exhaust manifold is known, for example, from EP 0 671 551 A1, in which a gas guide channel is arranged within a housing. In this known solution, however, the tendency to leaks seal between the outer shell of the exhaust manifold and a cylinder head connected to the flange part and the direct contact of the inner tube with the cylinder head is disadvantageous.

EP 0 765 994 A1 describes an exhaust manifold for an internal combustion engine, in whose housing baffles are arranged to direct the exhaust gas flowing into the housing in the direction of an outflow channel. The entire housing is to be made of only one board by punching and bending, the baffles are welded into the housing.

US-PS 4,537,027 describes an exhaust manifold, in which also the exhaust gases of all the exhaust bores are introduced into a common housing.

In the latter two exhaust manifolds, however, it is disadvantageous that leakage problems arise due to the lack of a gas guide channel, so that a takeover of these imaginative solutions in mass production is not to be expected. Such exhaust manifolds often lead to a mutual influence of the exiting the exhaust gas bores exhaust gas streams, which can lead to high power losses especially in internal combustion engines without turbocharger.

Another exhaust manifold is known from EP 0 849 445 A1. The sealing device provided in this case is formed integrally with the exhaust gas collecting housing, which on the one hand does not guarantee a tightness of this exhaust gas manifold. On the other hand, the exhaust manifold heated by the exhaust gases can in turn deliver its heat to the cylinder head and so heat the same so that even engine damage can be the result.

From MTZ 60 (1999), page 20, an exhaust manifold is known in which individual, formed by hydroforming pipes are merged from the exhaust bores, starting by an outer shell in an area merging into the exhaust pipe.

In this case, however, the very complicated shape of the individual tubes and the resulting complicated production of the same is disadvantageous. In this known exhaust manifold is further problematic that an extremely complex, separate construction is required for each different internal combustion engine.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an exhaust manifold for attachment to a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, which is inexpensive to manufacture, which has a low mass and thus the exhaust gas only a very small amount of heat withdrawn and effectively prevents the unpurified exhaust gases from the Exhaust system can escape.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features mentioned in claim 1.

The gas guide channel used according to the invention within the exhaust gas collecting housing results in an air gap-insulated exhaust manifold which extracts relatively little heat from the exhaust gas due to the thin walls of the gas guide channel and the air gap between the exhaust gas collection housing and the gas guide channel. As a result, a decrease in the exhaust gas temperature is prevented and improves the response and efficiency of a downstream catalytic converter. The use of such a gas guide channel, it is also possible to use a relatively inexpensive material for the exhaust manifold, since only the gas guide channel itself is thermally heavily loaded, resulting in a reduction in manufacturing costs for the exhaust manifold according to the invention.

The sealing device between the exhaust gas collecting housing and the cylinder head ensures a sealing of the exhaust gas collecting housing from the environment and, in principle, allows movements between the exhaust gas collecting housing and the cylinder head, which can be caused for example by the action of heat. For this purpose, the recesses on the exhaust gas collecting housing, through which the exhaust gas collecting housing can be connected via fastening means with the cylinder head, carried out accordingly.

Due to the guidance of the circulating collar of the gas guide channel below the circumferential recess of the exhaust gas collecting housing, it is possible for the gas guide channel to carry out movements caused by the action of heat relative to the sealing device and / or with respect to the exhaust gas collecting housing. Only by enabling such, though minimal movements, the durability of the exhaust manifold according to the invention is to ensure.

Furthermore, it should be emphasized as particularly advantageous that all components can be produced by the cost-effective and easy-to-control thermoforming technology, resulting in an overall very cost-effective exhaust manifold. Also of great advantage is the very small size of the exhaust manifold according to the invention, whereby only very little space is required when installed in the engine compartment of a motor vehicle.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the gas guide channel may have a main part adapted to the contour of the exhaust gas collecting housing and a bottom part arranged in the direction of the sealing device.

This embodiment, in which all the exhaust bores are introduced directly into a common gas duct, is particularly advantageous because of the very cost-effective production of the gas duct.

Alternatively, in a further embodiment of the invention, individual lines can run from the gas guide channel to the respective exhaust gas bores which separate the exhaust gas bores from one another.

In this embodiment of the gas guide channel, the exhaust gases from the exhaust gas holes are first introduced independently of each other in the sense of a single channel guide via the lines in the gas guide channel and it will be on this Mutual influences on the outflow of exhaust gases from the individual exhaust holes prevented.

In a further, very advantageous embodiment of the invention can be provided that within the exhaust manifold lines are arranged, which form a gas guide channel, wherein the exhaust gases from the individual exhaust bores are separated from each other by the lines, wherein the lines are held by the exhaust gas collecting housing, that caused by the action of heat movements of the lines are possible, and wherein the lines extend at least up to a transition of the exhaust gas collecting housing in an exhaust pipe.

The lines used in this case separate the exhaust gases from the exhaust bores of each other and thus form a gas duct with individual lines for each exhaust hole. This separation of the individual exhaust gas flows from one another results in a very low flow resistance for the exhaust gases, which leads, for example, in the operation of the internal combustion engine with supercharging by the higher kinetic energy of the exhaust gas to a significant torque and thus power increase.

Another advantage is that by avoiding mutual interference of the individual exhaust gas streams in the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine in a much shorter time, a very high negative pressure is created, which allows optimum conditions for the subsequent filling of the combustion chamber with the fuel / air mixture.

In a development of this embodiment of the invention can be provided that the lines are each constructed of individual baffles, which allows a particularly simple construction and in particular manufacturing.

If, in a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the baffles are provided on their side facing the cylinder head each with a collar which is guided in the circumferential recess such that between the lines and the sealing means and / or between the lines and the exhaust gas collecting housing by the action of heat caused movements are possible, the individual baffles is allowed to carry out relative to the sealing device and / or relative to the exhaust gas collecting housing caused by the action of heat. This can help to increase the durability of the exhaust manifold according to the invention.

Further advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention will become apparent from the remaining dependent claims and from the embodiments illustrated in principle below with reference to the drawing.

Fig. 1

eine stark schematisierte Brennkraftmaschine mit einem daran angebrachten Abgaskrümmer;

Fig. 2

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskrümmers;

Fig. 3

eine Explosionsdarstellung des Abgaskrümmers aus Fig. 2;

Fig. 4

einen Schnitt durch den Abgaskrümmer aus Fig. 2 und Fig. 3;

Fig. 5

einen Schnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskrümmers;

Fig. 6

einen Schnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskrümmers;

Fig. 7

einen Schnitt durch ein anderes Beispiel des Abgaskrümmers;

Fig. 8

einen Schnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskrümmers;

Fig. 9

einen Schnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskrümmers;

Fig. 10

einen Schnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskrümmers;

Fig. 11

einen Schnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskrümmers;

Fig. 12

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskrümmers;

Fig. 13

eine Explosionsdarstellung des Abgaskrümmers aus Fig. 12;

Fig. 14

einen Schnitt durch den Abgaskrümmer aus Fig. 12 und Fig. 13;

Fig. 15

einen Schnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskrümmers;

Fig. 16

eine Explosionsdarstellung eines anderen Beispiels des Abgaskrümmers;

Fig. 17

eine Explosionsdarstellung eines anderen Beispiels des Abgaskrümmers;

Fig. 18

einen Schnitt durch den Abgaskrümmer aus Fig. 16;

Fig. 19

einen Schnitt durch ein anderes Beispiel des Abgaskrümmers;

Fig. 20

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskrümmers;

Fig. 21

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskrümmers;

Fig. 22

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskrümmers;

Fig. 23

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskrümmers;

Fig. 24

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskrümmers;

Fig. 25

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskrümmers;

Fig. 26

einen Schnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskrümmers;

Fig. 27

einen Schnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskrümmers;

Fig. 28

einen Schnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskrümmers;

Fig. 29

einen Schnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskrümmers; und

Fig. 30

einen Schnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskrümmers.

It shows:

Fig. 1

a highly schematic internal combustion engine with an attached exhaust manifold;

Fig. 2

a perspective view of a first embodiment of the exhaust manifold according to the invention;

Fig. 3

an exploded view of the exhaust manifold of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4

a section through the exhaust manifold of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3;

Fig. 5

a section through a further embodiment of the exhaust manifold according to the invention;

Fig. 6

a section through a further embodiment of the exhaust manifold according to the invention;

Fig. 7

a section through another example of the exhaust manifold;

Fig. 8

a section through a further embodiment of the exhaust manifold according to the invention;

Fig. 9

a section through a further embodiment of the exhaust manifold according to the invention;

Fig. 10

a section through a further embodiment of the exhaust manifold according to the invention;

Fig. 11

a section through a further embodiment of the exhaust manifold according to the invention;

Fig. 12

a perspective view of another embodiment of the exhaust manifold according to the invention;

Fig. 13

an exploded view of the exhaust manifold of Fig. 12;

Fig. 14

a section through the exhaust manifold of FIG. 12 and FIG. 13;

Fig. 15

a section through a further embodiment of the exhaust manifold according to the invention;

Fig. 16

an exploded view of another example of the exhaust manifold;

Fig. 17

an exploded view of another example of the exhaust manifold;

Fig. 18

a section through the exhaust manifold of FIG. 16;

Fig. 19

a section through another example of the exhaust manifold;

Fig. 20

a perspective view of another embodiment of the exhaust manifold according to the invention;

Fig. 21

a perspective view of another embodiment of the exhaust manifold according to the invention;

Fig. 22

a perspective view of another embodiment of the exhaust manifold according to the invention;

Fig. 23

a perspective view of another embodiment of the exhaust manifold according to the invention;

Fig. 24

a perspective view of another embodiment of the exhaust manifold according to the invention;

Fig. 25

a perspective view of another embodiment of the exhaust manifold according to the invention;

Fig. 26

a section through a further embodiment of the exhaust manifold according to the invention;

Fig. 27

a section through a further embodiment of the exhaust manifold according to the invention;

Fig. 28

a section through a further embodiment of the exhaust manifold according to the invention;

Fig. 29

a section through a further embodiment of the exhaust manifold according to the invention; and

Fig. 30

a section through a further embodiment of the exhaust manifold according to the invention.

1 shows an exhaust manifold 1 which is attached to a cylinder head 2 of an internal combustion engine 3. In the present embodiment, it is an internal combustion engine 3 in a row construction, in which the cylinder head 2 has only one cylinder bank 4 with four cylinders or combustion chambers 5 in this case. For internal combustion engines 3 in V-construction, of course, a plurality of cylinder banks 4 could be provided, to each of which then an exhaust manifold 1 would be attached.

In the cylinder head 2 are four outgoing from the cylinders 5 exhaust holes 6, which open into the exhaust manifold 1. In this way, the exhaust gas enters the exhaust manifold 1. The exhaust manifold 1 is provided on its side facing away from the engine 3 with an opening 7, which may be located at any point and to which an exhaust pipe 8 is connected in a known manner. A not shown, for cleaning the exhaust gases serving exhaust gas catalyst can also be located in the exhaust pipe 8.

FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show in a perspective view a first embodiment of the exhaust manifold 1. This has an exhaust gas collecting housing 9, which receives the exhaust gases from the exhaust bores 6 of the cylinder head 2. A sealing device 10 is located between the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 and the cylinder head 2 (not illustrated in the following figures for reasons of clarity). The exhaust gas collecting housing 9 is surrounded by a circumferential collar 11 in its entire circumference, in which recesses 12 for passing through fastening means 13, such as the combination screw / nut are located. With the fastening means 13, the exhaust gas collecting 9 is attached to the cylinder head 2.

Within the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 there is a gas guide channel 14 which has a main part 15 adapted to the contour of the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 and a bottom part 16 arranged in the direction of the sealing device 10, ie in the direction of the cylinder head 2. Between the gas guide channel 14 and the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 is an air gap 17 which separates the hot exhaust gas within the gas guide channel 14 from the cold ambient air. For this reason, the present embodiment of the exhaust manifold 1 is also referred to as the air gap-isolated exhaust manifold 1.

The bottom part 16 of the gas guide channel 14 is provided with four holes 18 whose positions at least approximately coincide with the positions of the four exhaust bores 6 of the cylinder head 2, so that the exhaust gases can be easily introduced into the gas guide channel 14.

Furthermore, it can be seen that the bottom part 16 is provided in the region between the bores 18 with a total of at least three stampings 19, each of which in the direction of the main part 15 facing surveys and embossed in the opposite direction beads and serve to stiffen the bottom part 16. The bottom part 16 itself serves to stiffen the gas guide channel 14 and to shield the cylinder head 2 against the heat from the gas guide channel 14. The bottom part 16 may optionally be omitted, in which case the sealing device 10 of its Function takes over.

The gas guide channel 14, in the present case, the main part 15 of the gas guide channel 14 is provided on its side facing the cylinder head 2 with a circumferential in the present case along its entire collar 20, which is clamped between the exhaust manifold 9 and the sealing device 10. Also, the bottom part 16 has a collar 20 of the main part 15 corresponding circumferential collar 21 which is disposed between the peripheral collar 20 of the main part 15 and the sealing device 10.

In order to allow the gas guide channel 14 caused by heat movements relative to the sealing device 10 and / or the exhaust gas collecting 9, has the exhaust gas collection housing 9 a circumferential recess 22, in which the encircling collar 20 and in the present case, the circumferential collar 21 are guided.

All of the parts mentioned so far, such as the exhaust manifold 9, the main part 15 or the bottom part 16 can be prepared relatively inexpensively by deep drawing or similar forming process, the stampings 19, the collar 20, the collar 21 and the recess 22 can be introduced during this deep drawing operation in the respective component.

The sealing device 10 between the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 and the cylinder head 2 according to FIG. 3 in the present case consists of a high-temperature-resistant metal and has four holes 23 corresponding to the bores 18 and the bores 6. Furthermore, the sealing device 10 is provided with a circumferential outside of the bores 23 bead 24 which on the one hand with the cylinder head 2 and on the other hand with the gas guide channel 14 in contact and thus seals these two parts against each other. Outside the first bead 24 extends a second circumferential bead 25 which rests on the one hand on the cylinder head 2 and on the other hand on the exhaust gas collecting 9, to seal the same against each other. In addition, the beads 24 and 25 create an air gap between the cylinder head 2 and the sealing device 10, which isolates the exhaust manifold 1 to a certain extent relative to the cylinder head 2.

The sealing device 10 has recesses 12a, the shape and position of which substantially corresponds to that of the recesses 12 of the exhaust gas collecting housing 9. To the above-mentioned movements of the gas guide channel 14 and also to allow movements of the exhaust gas collecting 9 relative to the sealing device 10 and thus with respect to the cylinder head 2, the recesses 12 and 12 are formed in the form of oblong holes. At each of the recesses 12a in the sealing device 10, a bead 26 is likewise provided, which serves for the support.

The gas guide channel 14 is made of a high-temperature resistant metal, since it must be able to withstand relatively high exhaust gas temperatures. Because of this selected material for the gas guide channel 14 and the existing air gap 17, which, as mentioned above, ensures isolation, the exhaust manifold 9 may consist of a relatively inexpensive structural steel or, for example, if noise and / or strength problems occur, made of cast iron. For the gas guide channel 14, which preferably has a thickness of about 0.8 mm, the material number is 1.4828, for example, as the material, for the exhaust gas collection 9 with a thickness of about 2 mm, the material number 1.4512 in question.

In the section of FIG. 4, the exhaust manifold of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 is shown again. Here is even better seen how the collar 20 of the main part 15 is clamped together with the collar 21 of the bottom part 16 under the recess 22 of the exhaust manifold 9 and is thus held by the same. Due to the material selected for the sealing device 10, which on the one hand is elastic and on the other hand has a low coefficient of friction due to an applied coating, and the fact that the fastening means 13 are tightened only to a certain torque be, the gas guide channel 14 may move within certain limits relative to the exhaust manifold 9 and the sealing device 10.

In a comparison of the left half of Fig. 4 with the right half of Fig. 4 it is clear that the main part 15 may be connected in various ways with the bottom part 16, depending on the material used, the structure of the entire exhaust manifold 1 and in particular depends on the respective internal combustion engine 3. Both versions can each have special advantages.

FIG. 5 shows a section through an embodiment of an exhaust manifold 1 similar to the exhaust manifold 1 shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, in which the bottom part 16 has a flanging 27 directed away from the sealing device 10. In the present case, the flanging 27 of the bottom part 16 is welded to a flanging 28 extending on the circumferential collar 20 of the main part 15. Of course, a firm connection of these two parts by folding or equivalent method is possible.

As can be seen in Fig. 6, the flanging 27 of the bottom part 16 may also be welded directly to the main part 15, wherein the main part 15 is provided in all cases with the disposed below the recess 22 collar 20.

Another example of the exhaust manifold 1 is shown in FIG. 7. Here, a hold-down element 29 is arranged between the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 and the sealing device 10 or clamped, which has a circumferential recess 30, in which the encircling collar 20 is in turn guided such that between the gas duct 14 and the sealing device 10 and / or the hold-down element 29 caused by heat movements are possible. The hold-down element 29 itself is guided in the recess 22, which is also present here, of the exhaust gas collecting housing 9.

Between the hold-down element 29 and the exhaust gas collecting housing 9, a further sealing device 31 is arranged, which may alternatively consist of a metal or a soft material. The use of a soft material is particularly suitable for noise reduction. Of course, the embodiments of the gas guide channel 14 shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 can also be realized in the embodiment of the exhaust manifold 1 with the hold-down element 29 shown in FIG. 7.

The hold-down element 29, like the sealing device 10 and the exhaust gas collecting housing 9, likewise has recesses 12 b for the passage of the fastening means 13. The same also applies to the sealing device 31, in which recesses 12c are provided. Thus, via the fastening means 13, the hold-down element 29 with the aid of the exhaust gas collecting 9 relative to the cylinder head 2 are firmly attached. Here, the recesses 12b and 12c are designed as slots.

In the exhaust manifold 1 according to FIG. 8, an adapter flange 32 is provided between the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 and the sealing device 10, which is not suitable for closing off shown holes in the cylinder head 2, such as coolant holes or oil lines, is provided. Depending on the embodiment of the cylinder head 2 of the internal combustion engine 3, the adapter flange 32 can therefore be opened or closed at completely different locations. The adapter flange 32 is adapted to the shape of the sealing device 10, that is, it has not shown in Fig. 8 bores 23a whose positions correspond to the positions of the exhaust bores 6, and recesses 12d for performing the fastening means 13. Between the exhaust manifold 9 and the adapter flange 32, a further sealing device 33 is arranged as a spacer seal, which is provided, inter alia, with recesses 12 e for the fastening means 13. In this case, the sealing device 33 of the recess 22 forms for receiving the collar 20. The sealing devices 31 and 33 can optionally also be interchanged.

The exhaust manifold 1 according to FIG. 9 has a gas guide channel 14, in which the main part 15 consists of two plates 15a and 15b. This allows even better isolation between the exhaust gas flowing through the gas guide channel 14 and the environment due to the air gap 34 located between the two plates 15a and 15b. Otherwise, the exhaust manifold 1 according to FIG. 9 can have the construction of all previously described exhaust manifolds 1.

The embodiment of the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 made of cast iron, which has already been briefly mentioned above, is shown in FIG. 10. Again, the exhaust manifold 9 has the recess 22 for receiving the collar 20 and the collar 21 and it is again the gas guide channel 14, consisting of the main part 15 and the bottom part 16, provided. In particular, in noise and / or strength problems, it may be useful to use cast iron as a material for the exhaust manifold 9, wherein due to the high quality material for the gas guide channel 14, a relatively simple Gusssorte can be used.

In the exhaust manifold 1 shown in FIG. 11, the gas guide channel 14 is made of ceramic and also has the collar 20 which is disposed below the recess 22 on the exhaust manifold 9. In order to enable sliding between the gas guide channel 14 and the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 in this case too, a sliding film 35 is arranged between the gas guide channel 14 and the exhaust gas collecting housing. A further difference from the aforementioned embodiments is that no bottom part 16 is provided, but the sealing device 10 has at least one expression 36 directed in the direction of the gas guide channel 14, whereby the sealing device 10 serves as a bottom part for the gas guide channel.

FIG. 12 shows, in a perspective view, a further exhaust manifold 1, in which the gas guide channel 14 has a configuration that is in principle different from that described so far. Thus, individual lines 37 run from the gas guide channel 14 to the respective exhaust gas bores 6 and thus separate the exhaust gas streams which leave the individual exhaust gas bores 6 from one another.

On their side facing the cylinder head 2, the lines 37 are each provided with a peripheral collar 38, which in each case between the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 and the Sealing device 10 is clamped and replaced with respect to its operation, the collar 20 described above. However, movements of the gas guide channel 14 with respect to the sealing device 10 and with respect to the exhaust gas collecting 9 are also possible here. In this case, the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 is also provided with the recesses 22, which can be recognized as bulges 39 on the outside of the exhaust gas collecting housing 9.

In the exploded view according to FIG. 13, in addition to the exhaust gas collecting housing 9, the gas guide channel 14 and the sealing device 10, the adapter flange 32 and the sealing device 33 arranged between the adapter flange 32 and the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 are shown.

From Fig. 13 it is further apparent that the gas guide channel 14 has an upper part 40 and a gas-tightly connected to the upper part 40, arranged in the direction of the sealing device 10 and the cylinder head 2 lower part 41. Here, the lines 37 are assigned to the lower part 41 and, for example welded to the same or connected by folding with the same. The upper part 40 and the lower part 41 are welded together along a weld 42, which is particularly easy to manufacture in this case. Again, the connection is possible by means of folding. Furthermore, it can be seen that, instead of a peripheral around all holes 23 bead 24 and individual, immediately extending around each bore 23 beads 24 may be provided. In this way, a seal results for each individual exhaust hole. 6

Figures 14 and 15 show two different embodiments of the exhaust manifold 1 shown in Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 in section, wherein according to FIG. 14, a beading 43 is attached to the sealing device 10, which points in the direction of the gas guide channel 14.

In Fig. 15 it is shown that the collar 38 may be welded to the conduits 37 also via a weld 44 instead of being integral therewith as shown in Fig. 14.

The exhaust manifold 1 represented by an exploded view in FIG. 16 has the hold-down element 29 already mentioned above, which is provided with a recess 45 which comprises all exhaust gas bores 6. Furthermore, the recesses 30 of the hold-down element 29 can be seen, which are each provided in pairs for receiving a collar 38 of the lines. The hold-down element 29 also has the function already explained above in this case.

In the case of the exhaust manifold 1 according to FIG. 17, the hold-down element 29 has individual bores 46 whose positions at least approximately coincide with the positions of the exhaust bores 6 and which replace the above-mentioned recess 45. In each case, the recesses 30 for receiving the respective circumferential collar 38 are provided on the circumference of the bores 46. In order to allow an assembly, the hold-down element 29 is divided in the longitudinal direction of the exhaust gas collecting housing 9, in this case in two halves 29a and 29b.

From Fig. 17 also shows that the gas guide channel 14, in contrast to the embodiment with the upper part 40 and the lower part 41 may consist of two at least approximately half shells 47 and 48, which are divided in the longitudinal direction of the gas guide channel 14, and respectively have half of one of the lines 37. Analogous to the weld 42, a weld 49 is also provided here, which connects the two half-shells 47 and 48 with each other. Of course, the use of folding is also possible here. The collar 38 on the line 37 is in this embodiment not round but executed approximately square, but fulfills the same purpose as the collar 38 described above or described with reference to the other embodiments of the exhaust manifold 1 collar 20. Depending on the application either the gas guide channel 14 consisting of the upper part 40 and the lower part 41 or the gas guide channel 14 consisting of the two half shells 47 and 48 may be more advantageous. In order to enable a comparison of the two embodiments, both are shown on one and the same gas guide channel 14 in FIG. 17.

Figures 18 and 19 show the exhaust manifold 1 similar to Figures 14 and 15, but both times the hold-down element 29 is provided.

Fig. 20 shows a perspective, sectional view of another embodiment of the exhaust manifold 1. There is again provided as the outermost element the exhaust gas collecting housing 9, which is able to receive the exhaust gases from the exhaust bores 6 of the cylinder head 2. Between the exhaust gas collecting 9 and the cylinder head, not shown in Figures 20 to 25 for clarity 2, in turn, the sealing device 10 is arranged, which consists of a high temperature resistant metal to shield the cylinder head 2 against the high temperatures of the exhaust manifold 1.

The exhaust gas collecting housing 9 is also surrounded on its entire circumference by the circumferential collar 11, which is provided at regular intervals with the recesses 12 for carrying out the fastening means 13, not shown in this case. With the aid of the fastening means, the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 can be attached to the cylinder head 2 e.g. be screwed on. In order to enable movements of the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 with respect to the sealing device 10 and thus with respect to the cylinder head 2, the recesses 12 are formed in the form of oblong holes.

Within the exhaust gas collecting housing 9, the gas guide channel 14 is also arranged here, which in the present case is composed of a total of three lines 50, 51 and 52. Each of the lines 50, 51 and 52 in turn each has two baffles 50a and 50b, 51a and 51b and 52a and 52b. In this case, the baffles 50a and 50b of the first, the baffles 51a and 51b of the second and the baffles 52a and 52b of the third exhaust hole 6 are assigned and are each in close proximity on both sides of the associated exhaust gas holes 6. In the present case, so for each Exhaust hole 6, a line 50, 51 or 52, consisting of two baffles 50 a, 50 b, 51 a, 51 b, 52 a and 52 b, is provided. By the baffles 50a, 50b, 51a, 51b, 52a and 52b emerging from the individual exhaust gas holes 6 exhaust gases are separated from each other and it can be a mutual influence of these exhaust gases when flowing out of the internal combustion engine 3 are prevented. This is particularly advantageous when the internal combustion engine 3 is to be operated with the so-called surge charging.

The baffles 50a, 51a and 52a each extend to the region in which the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 merges into the exhaust gas line 8, that is, into the region of the opening 7, wherein a flange element connecting the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 to the exhaust gas line 8 is not shown. As a result of this guidance of the guide plates 50a, 51a and 52a, any influence on the exhaust gases flowing through the individual exhaust gas bores 6 is excluded from one another and the exhaust gases can leave the exhaust manifold 1 unhindered. Since the opening 7 is located in the described embodiment in a lateral region of the exhaust manifold 1, the conduit 50 thus extends from a lateral end of the exhaust manifold 1 to its opposite side end and is therefore substantially longer than the conduit 52 extending from the directly adjacent to the opening 7 exhaust hole 6 leads to the opening 7.

In contrast to the guide plates 50a, 51a and 52a, the guide plates 50b and 51b terminate where they meet with the guide plates 51a and 52a of the subsequent exhaust gas bore. In this way, a material and thus weight savings can be achieved, since anyway only one sheet is required to separate the adjacent exhaust holes 6 and the lines 50, 51 and 52 in a sufficient manner from each other.

On the side of the guide plates 50a, 50b, 51a, 51b, 52a and 52b facing the cylinder head 2, a bottom plate 53 is provided, which in this case has three bores 54 whose positions substantially coincide with the positions of the exhaust bores 6. In addition, the bottom plate 53 has embossings 55 arranged between the bores 54, which each consist of protrusions extending from the cylinder head 2 and embossed beads in the direction of the cylinder head 2 and serve to stiffen the bottom plate 53 and prevent vibrations of the bottom plate 53. The bottom plate 53 itself shields the cylinder head 2 against heat from the gas guide channel 13. When the bottom plate 53 is omitted, the sealing device 10 takes over its function.

Each of the baffles 50a, 50b, 51a, 51b, 52a, 52b is provided on its side facing the cylinder head 2 each with a collar 56, which in each case under the here provided, the exhaust manifold 9 associated or located at the same recess 22 extends and in this way is slidably clamped between the exhaust manifold 9 and the sealing device 10. Likewise, the bottom plate 53 has a circumferential collar 57, which is arranged below the collar 56 and thus also below the recess 22 of the exhaust gas collecting housing 9. In this way, it is possible that the lines 50, 51 and 52 or the baffles 50a, 50b, 51a, 51b and 52a, 52b relative to the sealing device 10 and / or relative to the exhaust manifold 9 can perform within certain limits caused by heat movements ,

In the exhaust manifold 1 of FIG. 21, unlike the above-described embodiment of FIG. 20, the baffles 51a and 52a have been omitted, resulting in longer intervals between the baffles 50b and 51b and 51b and 52b leads. As a result, of course, the lines 51 and 52, in which the exhaust gases from the exhaust gas holes 6 flow, larger. The size of the line 50, however, does not change. By this construction, compared to the embodiment described above, a weight and cost reduction is achieved, however, depending on the particular embodiment of the internal combustion engine 3, possibly neutralized by the less precise guidance of the exhaust gas through the lines 50, 51 and 52 of the gas guide channel 13 again becomes. This is dependent on the respective conditions of the particular internal combustion engine to which the exhaust manifold 1 is attached. Accordingly, in this described embodiment, the guide plates 50a, 50b and 51b extend up to the opening 7, at which the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 merges into the exhaust gas line 8.

A further embodiment of an exhaust manifold 1 is shown in FIG. 22. Herein, compared with the embodiment of FIG. 20, the baffles 50b, 51b and 52b are omitted. Again, there are again changes in the size of the lines 50, 51 and 52, which are all larger here. In principle, various baffles 50a, 50b, 51a, 51b, 52a and 52b may be omitted as long as the exhaust gases flowing out of the exhaust bores 6 are separated from each other.

In comparison with FIGS. 20, 21 and 22, fundamentally different embodiments of the exhaust manifold 1 are shown in FIGS. 23, 24 and 25. The main difference is that the opening 7, at which the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 merges into the exhaust pipe 8, not is arranged more in a lateral region of the exhaust gas collecting housing 9, but directly opposite the cylinder head 2 in a central region of the exhaust gas collecting housing. As a result, here also provided, emanating from the exhaust holes 6 lines 50, 51 and 52 inevitably no longer the same from one side of the exhaust manifold 9 to the other side but the two outer lines 50 and 52 extend from the outside, so from the two lateral areas , to the central region of the exhaust gas collecting housing 9. The leading away from the central exhaust hole 6 line 51 extends substantially along the longitudinal axis of the associated exhaust hole 6, that is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the sealing device 10, since the opening 7 is disposed directly above the central exhaust hole 6 is. This results in a sense a layering of the lines 50, 51 and 52nd

The lines 50, 51 and 52, in contrast to the exhaust manifold 1 according to FIG. 20, FIG. 21 and FIG. 22 are not formed in each case by two guide plates but in the embodiment according to FIG. 23 as follows: The middle line 51 is formed by a from the exhaust hole to the opening 7 extending continuously, baffle 58 formed in its the exhaust hole 6 facing area of circular, closed cross section, whereas the two outer lines 50 and 52 each have an inner baffle 59 and an outer baffle 60. These are each one and the same guide plate 59 and 60, so both extend on both sides of the central exhaust hole 6, wherein the guide plate 59 rests against the guide plate 58.

The baffle 58 is formed so that it separates the two outer lines 50 and 52 from each other, for which it has in the area immediately in front of the opening 7 in the direction of the edge of the outer baffle 60 directed and in contact therewith projection 61. Also on the projection 61 opposite side of the baffle 58 is a projection which, however, can not be seen due to the sectional view. Of course, the described separation of the lines 50, 51 and 52 from each other could also be realized by an oval design of the line 51.

In the embodiment of the exhaust manifold 1 shown in FIG. 24, the baffle 59 has been omitted, whereby the outer leads 50 and 52 are formed only by the baffle 58 and the outer baffle 60. As a result, the outer lines 50 and 52 increase, which may possibly result in a less precise guidance of the exhaust gas through the lines 50 and 52. In contrast, however, there is a reduction in the mass and also the cost of the gas guide channel 13. The projection 61 for sealing the lines 50, 51 and 52 against each other is also provided here.

In the case of the exhaust manifold 1 according to FIG. 25, the guide plate 58 has been dispensed with, with the consequence that the middle line 51 is now formed by the guide plate 59. The lines 50 and 52 remain unchanged compared to FIG. 23. As a result, therefore, increases the line 51 and the guide plate 59 is provided with the otherwise attached to the baffle 58 projection 61.

The illustrated exhaust manifold 1, in which the lines 50, 51 and 52 are stacked on top of each other, are of course also in internal combustion engine 3 with four or more cylinders 5 conceivable. Then, if appropriate, no central exhaust gas bore 6 would be present and the opening 7 could be located between two exhaust gas bores 6. However, the arrangement of the necessary for this, beyond the lines 50, 51 and 52 outgoing lines, the skilled person can easily imagine. The same applies to the embodiments according to Figures 20, 21 and 22, when more than three cylinders 5 are provided.

Also in the exhaust manifolds 1 according to Figures 23, 24 and 25, in turn, the bottom plate 53 is provided with the holes 54 and the stampings 55 and takes over the function already described above. The same also applies to the respective collar 56 on the baffles 58, 59 and 60. These are in turn, together with the collar 57 of the bottom plate 53, below the recess 22 of the exhaust gas collecting 9 arranged so that caused by the action of heat movements of the lines 50, 51st and 52 are possible.

The gas guide channel 13 is in all embodiments of a high temperature resistant metal, since he must be able to withstand relatively high exhaust gas temperatures. Due to this selected material for the gas guide channel 13 and existing between the gas guide channel 13 and the exhaust manifold 9 air gap 17, which separates the hot exhaust gas within the gas guide channel 13 from the cold ambient air, thus ensuring insulation, the exhaust manifold 9 can be made of a relatively inexpensive structural steel or, for example, when noise problems occur, consist of cast iron. For the gas guide channel 13, which preferably has a thickness of about 0.8 mm, the material number is 1.4828, for example, as the material, for the exhaust gas collecting 9 with a thickness of about 2 mm, the material number 1.4512 in question.

The exhaust gas collecting 9, the bottom plate 53 and the individual baffles 50a, 50b, 51a, 51b, 52a, 52b, 58, 59 and 60 can be produced inexpensively and reliably by deep drawing.

In a manner not shown, arranged between the exhaust manifold 9 and the cylinder head 2 sealing device 10 may have three and possibly more holes whose positions at least approximately correspond to the positions of the exhaust holes 6. Furthermore, it can be provided that the sealing device 10 has a bead extending outside the holes, which on the one hand on the cylinder head 2 and on the other hand on the respective baffle 50a, 50b, 51a, 51b, 52a, 52b and 58, 59, 60 or the bottom plate 53 rests. In addition, outside the first bead, a second circumferential bead can run, which on the one hand bears against the cylinder head 2 and, on the other hand, against the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 in order to seal them against one another. Of course, recesses should also be provided in the sealing device 10 which correspond to the recesses 12 of the exhaust manifold flange.

Also not shown is an optionally arranged between the sealing device 10 and the exhaust manifold 9 adapter flange for closing holes in the cylinder head 2. This adapter flange is adapted to the shape of the sealing device 10 and it can be arranged between the exhaust manifold 9 and the adapter flange, a further sealing means.

FIG. 26 shows an embodiment of the exhaust manifold 1 similar to that of FIG. 8. However, here, instead of the sealing device 33, a spacer ring 62 is provided, which is welded in the region of the collar 11 with the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 and with the underlying adapter flange 32 by means of a weld 63. The weld 63, which is located within the recesses 12, not shown in this case, serves for even better sealing of the gas guide channel 14 from the environment. The weld seam 63 can be embodied as a laser stitched seam, as a roll seam, as an electron beam seam or the like. Furthermore, it is also possible to provide a solder joint instead of the weld 63.

Also in this case, the gas guide channel 14 is formed from a main part 15 and an at least partially bent bottom part 16. Between the bottom part 16 and the adapter flange 32 is a multilayer bottom plate 64, which serves to achieve a sound insulation. The multilayer base plate 64 may be embodied, for example, as a wire mesh, as a woven fabric, as metal fibers or as a sintered plate, wherein in the illustrated embodiment, sheet metal beads are provided for achieving a spring effect. By the bottom plate 64 also a displaceability of the gas guide channel 14 and a reduction of the gas pulsation within the gas guide channel 14 is achieved.

The illustrated in Fig. 27 embodiment of the exhaust manifold 1 is performed approximately identically to that of FIG. 26, wherein the bottom plate 64, however, is made in one piece. Furthermore, a stiffening flange 65 is arranged in this case within the collar 11, which serves to further stiffen the exhaust manifold 1.

FIG. 28 shows an exhaust manifold 1 which is similar to that shown in FIG. 11. Thus, there is also the exhaust gas collection housing 9 made of cast iron and the gas guide channel 14 made of ceramic. In this case, however, the air gap 17 with a knitted element 66, which may for example consist of metal or ceramic, filled. Between the cylinder head 2 and the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 is located next to the sealing device 10 and the adapter flange 32, which could possibly be dispensed with. Furthermore, in the recess 22 provided here of the exhaust gas collecting housing 9, the floor panel 64 described above is arranged for sound insulation.

A further embodiment of the exhaust manifold 1 is shown in FIG. 29. Here, in the air gap 17 between the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 and the gas guide channel 14, a heat storage medium 67 can be provided with heat exchanger tubes 68, as indicated in the left half of FIG. These heat exchanger tubes 68 can be flowed through, for example, with cooling water in order to use the introduced into the gas duct 14 exhaust heat for a vehicle heating. Of course, it is also possible to flow through the heat exchanger tubes 68 with gaseous media. In the case where the air gap 17 is filled only with the heat storage medium 67, other, not shown Means be provided to use the heat energy stored in the heat storage medium 67.

FIG. 30 shows a further embodiment of the exhaust manifold 1, which, analogous to the embodiment according to FIG. 29, serves as a heat exchanger, in this case by an additional wall 69 arranged between the gas guide channel 14 and the exhaust gas collector housing 9, which Similar to FIG. 26 and FIG. 29, the weld 63 connects to the exhaust manifold 9, the spacer ring 62 and the adapter flange 32. Here, the wall 69 on the recess 22, under which the gas guide channel 14 is slidably mounted. The bottom part 16 can in turn be multi-layered and serves here additionally for receiving a sealing element 70.

FIG. 30 furthermore shows a connection 71 for supplying and / or removing a heat transfer medium, for example in the form of water or air. Thus, the heat transfer medium located in an additional space 72 is also heated here by the hot exhaust gases in the gas guide channel 14 and can be used as a heater for a motor vehicle. The heat transfer medium may also be in the form of a salt solution or alcohol in order to store the heat over a longer period of time.

For all the illustrated embodiments applies that, unless structurally related reasons against it, each individual features can be exchanged for each other, so that there is an extremely large number of possible embodiments, which will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.

Furthermore, it should be noted that in particular in the sectional views, in part, a half shows a different embodiment than the other half, the changes are usually only insignificant.

Claims (30)

1. An exhaust manifold for fitting to a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine which is provided with a plurality of exhaust-gas ports for exhaust gas to exit, having the following features:

   1.1 An exhaust-gas collection housing (9) for receiving exhaust gas from the cylinder head (2);

   1.2 A gas-guiding passage (14) arranged inside the exhaust-gas collection housing (9);

   1.3 An air gap (17) located between the exhaust-gas collection housing (9) and the gas-guiding passage (14);

   1.4 A sealing device (10) arranged between the exhaust-gas collection housing (9) and the cylinder head (2);

   1.5 The exhaust-gas collection housing (9) has recesses (12) through which it can be connected to the cylinder head (2) via securing means (13);

   1.6 On its side which faces the cylinder head (2), the gas-guiding passage (14) is provided with a collar (20, 38, 56) which runs around at least approximately its entire periphery and is at least indirectly clamped between the exhaust-gas collection housing (9) and the sealing device (10) or the cylinder head (2);

   1.7 The exhaust-gas collection housing (9) has an encircling set-back portion (22) in which the encircling collar (20, 38, 56) of the gas-guiding passage (14) is guided in such a manner that movements caused by the action of heat are possible between the gas-guiding passage (14) and the sealing device (10) and/or between the gas-guiding passage (14) and the exhaust-gas collection housing (9).
2. The exhaust manifold as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the gas-guiding passage (14) has a main part (15) which is matched to the contour of the exhaust-gas collection housing (9) and a base part (16) which is arranged in the direction of the sealing device (10), the base part (16) being provided with bores (18), the positions of which at least approximately coincide with the positions of the exhaust-gas ports (6) in the cylinder head (2).
3. The exhaust manifold as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the base part (16) is provided with stamped formations (19) in the region between the bores (18).
4. The exhaust manifold as claimed in one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the encircling collar (20) of the gas-guiding passage (14) is located at the main part (15) of the latter, and in that the base part (16) is provided with an encircling collar (21) which runs between the encircling collar (20) of the main part (15) and the sealing device (10).
5. The exhaust manifold as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the base part has a flanged portion (27) which is directed away from the sealing device (10) and is fixedly connected to the main part (15), the flanged portion (27) of the base part (16) being fixedly connected to a flanged portion (28) running at the encircling collar (20) of the main part (15).
6. The exhaust manifold as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the gas-guiding passage (14) consists of ceramic.
7. The exhaust manifold as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the sealing device (10) has at least one stamped-out deformation (36) which is directed toward the gas-guiding passage (14) and therefore serves as base part (16) for the gas-guiding passage (14).
8. The exhaust manifold as claimed in claim 6 or 7, characterized in that a sliding film or foil (35) is arranged between the gas-guiding passage (14) and the exhaust-gas collection housing (9).
9. The exhaust manifold as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that individual lines (37) run from the gas-guiding passage (14) to the corresponding exhaust-gas ports (6), separating the exhaust-gas ports (6) from one another.
10. The exhaust manifold as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the lines (37) are each provided, on their side which faces the cylinder head (2), with an encircling collar (38) which is in each case clamped between the exhaust-gas collection housing (9) and the sealing device (10).
11. The exhaust manifold as claimed in claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the gas-guiding passage (14) has an upper part (40) and a lower part (41) which is connected in a gas tight manner to the upper part (40) and is arranged in the direction of the sealing device (10), the lines (37) being assigned to the lower part (41), and the upper part (40) and the lower part (41) being welded to one another or being connected to one another by folding.
12. The exhaust manifold as claimed in claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the gas-guiding passage (14) comprises two at least approximately identical half-shells (47, 48) which are split in the longitudinal direction of the gas-guiding passage (14) and each include half the length of the lines (37), the two half-shells (47, 48) being welded to one another or connected to one another by folding.
13. The exhaust manifold as claimed in one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the exhaust-gas collection housing (9) has an encircling collar (11) in which the recesses (12) for the securing means (13) are located.
14. The exhaust manifold as claimed in one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the sealing device (10) arranged between the exhaust-gas collection housing (9) and the cylinder head (2) has bores (23), the positions of which at least approximately correspond to the positions of the exhaust-gas ports (6), the sealing device (10) arranged between the exhaust-gas collection housing (9) and the cylinder head (2) having a bead (24) which runs around the outside of the bores (23) and bears on one side against the cylinder head (2) and on the other side against the gas-guiding passage (14) in order to seal these two components with respect to one another.
15. The exhaust manifold as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that a second encircling bead (25), which bears on one side against the cylinder head (2) and on the other side against the exhaust-gas collection housing (9), in order to seal these two components with respect to one another, runs outside the first bead (24).
16. The exhaust-gas manifold as claimed in one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that an adapter flange (32), which is matched to the shape of the sealing device (10), is arranged between the sealing device (10) and the exhaust-gas collection housing (9) in order to close off bores in the cylinder head (2).
17. The exhaust manifold as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that a further sealing device (31, 33) is arranged between the exhaust-gas collection housing (9) and the adapter flange (32).
18. The exhaust manifold as claimed in one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the set-back portion (22, 30) is formed by a sealing device (33) arranged between the exhaust-gas collection housing (9) and the sealing device (10).
19. The exhaust manifold as claimed in one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that lines (50, 51, 52) which form a gas-guiding passage (13) are arranged within the exhaust-gas collection housing (9), the exhaust gases from the individual exhaust-gas ports (6) being separated from one another by the lines (50, 51, 52), the lines (50, 51, 52) being held by the exhaust-gas collection housing (9) in such a manner that movements of the lines (50, 51, 52) caused by the action of heat are possible, and the lines (50, 51, 52) running at least as far as a transition from the exhaust-gas collection housing (9) to an exhaust pipe (8).
20. The exhaust manifold as claimed in claim 19, characterized in that the lines (50, 51, 52) are each composed of individual metal guide plates (50a, 50b, 51a, 51b, 52a, 52b; 58, 59, 60), the metal guide plates (50a, 50b, 51a, 51b, 52a, 52b; 58, 59, 60) each being provided, on their side facing the cylinder head (2), with a collar (56) which is guided in the encircling set-back portion (22, 30) in such a manner that movements caused by the action of heat are possible between the lines (50, 51, 52) and the sealing device (10) and/or between the lines (50, 51, 52) and the exhaust-gas collection housing (9).
21. The exhaust manifold as claimed in one of claims 19 or 20, characterized in that adjacent exhaust-gas ports (6) are separated from one another by in each case one metal guide plate (50a, 50b, 51a, 51b, 52a, 52b; 58, 59, 60).
22. The exhaust manifold as claimed in one of claims 19 or 20, characterized in that for each exhaust-gas port (6) there are two metal guide plates (50a, 50b, 51a, 51b, 52a, 52b; 58, 59, 60), which are in each case arranged in the immediate vicinity of the exhaust-gas port (6).
23. The exhaust manifold as claimed in one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that a metal base plate (53), which is provided with bores (54) whose positions at least approximately coincide with the positions of the exhaust-gas ports (6) of the cylinder head (2), is arranged between the individual metal guide plates (50a, 50b, 51a, 51b, 52a, 52b; 58, 59, 60) and the sealing device (10).
24. The exhaust manifold as claimed in claim 23, characterized in that the metal base plate (53) is provided with stamped formations (55) in the region between the bores (54).
25. The exhaust manifold as claimed in claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the metal base plate (53) is provided with an encircling collar (57) which runs between the encircling collar (56) of the metal guide plates (50a, 50b, 51a, 51b, 52a, 52b; 58, 59, 60) and the sealing device (10).
26. The exhaust manifold as claimed in one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that a spacer ring (62), which is connected to the exhaust-gas collection housing (9) by means of a weld seam (63), is arranged between the exhaust-gas collection housing (9) and the sealing device (10).
27. The exhaust manifold as claimed in one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that a multilayer metal base plate (64) is arranged between the exhaust-gas collection housing (9) and the sealing device (10).
28. The exhaust manifold as claimed in one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that the air gap (17) is filled with a knitted element (66).
29. The exhaust manifold as claimed in one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that the air gap (17) is filled with a heat-storage medium (67), heat-exchanger tubes (68) running through the heat-storage medium (67).
30. The exhaust manifold as claimed in one of claims 1 to 29, characterized in that a further wall (69) is arranged between the gas-guiding passage (14) and the exhaust-gas collection housing (9), the wall (69) together with the exhaust-gas collection housing (9) forming a further space (72) in which a heat-storage medium is located.

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