DE10212236A1 - Automotive engine exhaust manifold with internal catalytic converter - Google Patents

Abstract

A piston engine exhaust manifold chamber collects hot exhaust gases discharging from the cylinders. The manifold chamber is especially almost completely filled with a catalytic conversion material. The manifold chamber is a wedge-shaped trough with side flanges bolted with a gasket to the cylinder head. The chamber contains a series of catalytic converter panels arranged in line with the discharging gas flow to the exhaust pipe outlet.

Description

The invention relates to an exhaust manifold Attachment to a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine after closer in the preamble of claim 1 defined art.

A generic exhaust manifold is from DE 100 01 287 A1 known. It can be provided among other things be that in the exhaust manifold or in the Gas routing channel several individual catalyst elements are arranged.

DE 295 05 660 U1 describes an exhaust manifold, in which several individual catalyst elements are arranged.

WO 99/11911 A1 is a Catalyst carrier arrangement for an engine-mounted installation known in can be easily attached to an internal combustion engine should be.

A particle filter made of metal foil, which is for a fluid has flowable channels, is in DE 199 24 584 A1 described.

Such catalyst arrangements, which as Pre-catalyst to improve the effect of a downstream main catalyst serve, but can often not the desired effect, namely a significant one Reduction of pollutants in the exhaust gas flow, achieve. In addition, they often contribute to production a very negative back pressure in the exhaust system at.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to Exhaust manifold for attachment to a cylinder head to create an internal combustion engine in which a improved function of the catalyst is given.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the characterizing part of claim 1 mentioned features solved.

In that the catalyst body at least fills almost the entire exhaust manifold housing the catalyst body according to the invention a very large one Volume and a very large effective surface area and therefore has a very high cleaning performance. In connection with the accommodation of the Catalyst body within the exhaust gas collection housing, which is attached directly to the cylinder head is, this leads to a significantly improved Cleaning the exhaust holes leaving the Exhaust gas flowing through the catalyst body because of the Close to the engine the exhaust gases are still hot are and so heat the catalyst body. To this Way it is possible to be much sharper Exhaust emission limits for internal combustion engines to be observed as this was previously the case.

The catalyst body can be particularly advantageous then use if the Invention within the exhaust manifold Gas guide channel is arranged. The catalyst body can then namely within the gas duct be arranged and thus, as described above, within of the exhaust gas flow. Here, the Advantages of the gas duct, namely the air gap Isolation from the environment, especially take advantage of.

If in a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention the cross section of the Catalyst body on the exhaust gas holes in the direction adapted to an exhaust gas line increasing gas flow is the result for each individual exhaust hole Exhaust gases leaving an optimal cleaning, because with an increase in the exhaust gas volume also an increase of the volume of the catalyst body is connected.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the Invention can be provided that the Catalyst body several in the longitudinal direction of the exhaust manifold has running catalyst plates.

Through the catalyst plates is an unhindered Exhaust gases can escape as there are no sharp ones Redirection takes place and there is a relatively low flow resistance for the exhaust gases, which means no loss of performance for the Internal combustion engine arise. Other advantages of this Embodiment are the immediate conversion of the exhaust gases high exhaust gas temperatures and the associated rapid heating of the catalyst body.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention the catalyst body has at least one wound film exhibit.

Such a structure of the catalyst body brings high rigidity and very large Catalyst surface with it, resulting in a good cleaning of the Exhaust gas leads.

In a further alternative embodiment of the Invention can be a variety of catalyst body have granular elements.

This enables easy filling of the Exhaust gas collection housing or the gas duct. Furthermore there is advantageously a large one Catalyst surface and it is possible to change the diameter or the size of the granular elements on the adjust required flow resistance. Another Advantage of this embodiment is in the relatively low cost for the catalyst body.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the Invention can be provided that the Catalyst body is designed such that it is able soot particles generated by the internal combustion engine take.

Due to the possibility of depositing soot inside the catalyst body is particularly in the after Diesel principle working internal combustion engines the soot retained from the exhaust gas and is stored in the Catalyst body. If the catalyst body a higher during the operation of the internal combustion engine When the temperature is reached, the soot particles burn and can then in a way that is harmless to the environment and Disposed of way.

Further advantageous configurations and Further developments of the invention result from the rest Subclaims and from the following based on the Drawing shown in principle Embodiments.

It shows:

Figure 1 is a highly schematic internal combustion engine with an exhaust manifold attached.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the exhaust manifold according to the invention;

Fig. 3 is an exploded view of the exhaust manifold of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the exhaust manifold according to the invention;

FIG. 5 shows an exploded view of the exhaust manifold from FIG. 4;

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of the exhaust manifold according to the invention;

FIG. 7 is an exploded view of the exhaust manifold from FIG. 6;

Fig. 8 is a schematic illustration of an exhaust manifold in a further embodiment;

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the exhaust manifold;

FIG. 10 is a section through an exhaust manifold in a further embodiment;

Figure 11 is a section through an exhaust manifold in a further embodiment.

Figure 12 is a section through an exhaust manifold in a further embodiment.

Figure 13 is a section through an exhaust manifold in a further embodiment.

Figure 14 shows a section through an exhaust manifold in a further embodiment.

Figure 15 is a section through an exhaust manifold in a further embodiment.

FIG. 16 is a section through an exhaust manifold in a further embodiment;

Figure 17 is a section through an exhaust manifold in a further embodiment.

Figure 18 is a section through an exhaust manifold in a further embodiment. and

Fig. 19 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the exhaust manifold.

In Fig. 1, an exhaust manifold 1 is shown, which is attached to a cylinder head 2 of an internal combustion engine 3 . The internal combustion engine 3 according to the present embodiment is designed in a row construction, the cylinder head 2 being provided with a cylinder bank 4 , which in this case has four combustion chambers 5 . Of course, it would also be possible to provide a different number of combustion chambers 5 . Furthermore, it is conceivable that the internal combustion engine, V-type would be carried out with a plurality of cylinder banks 4, wherein would be attached to each cylinder bank an exhaust manifold 4. 1

The cylinder head 2 is provided with four exhaust bores 6 extending from the combustion chambers 5 and opening into the exhaust manifold 1 . In this way, the exhaust gas generated in the combustion chambers 5 reaches the exhaust manifold 1 , which is provided on its side facing away from the internal combustion engine 3 with an opening 7 , which can be located at any point on the same, and to which one known per se Exhaust pipe 8 connects. An exhaust gas catalytic converter (not shown) for cleaning the exhaust gases can be provided in the exhaust line 8 .

Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing a first embodiment of exhaust manifold 1. This has a trough-shaped exhaust manifold housing 9 and a sealing device 10 arranged between the exhaust manifold housing 9 and the cylinder head 2 (not shown in FIG. 2). The exhaust manifold housing 9 is intended to receive the exhaust gases from the exhaust bores 6 of the cylinder head 2 . On its entire circumference, the exhaust manifold housing 9 is surrounded by a circumferential collar 11 , in which there are recesses 12 for carrying out fastening means (not shown), with which the exhaust manifold housing 9 is attached to the cylinder head 2 . Screws, for example, can serve as fastening means.

Arranged in the exhaust gas collection housing 9 is a gas duct 13 which has a trough-shaped main part 14 and thus adapted to the contour of the exhaust gas collection housing 9 and a base part 15 arranged on the sealing device 10 . There is an air gap 16 between the exhaust gas collection housing 9 and the gas guide channel 13 , which serves to separate the hot exhaust gas flowing into the gas guide channel 13 from the air surrounding the exhaust manifold 1 . Such embodiments of the exhaust manifold 1 with an exhaust manifold housing 9 and a gas duct 13 arranged therein are referred to as an air-gap-insulated exhaust manifold 1 .

As can be seen better from the exploded view according to FIG. 3, the bottom part 15 of the gas duct 13 has a total of four bores 17 , the positions of which correspond approximately to the positions of the four exhaust bores 6 in the cylinder head 2 . In this way, it is possible to introduce the exhaust gases generated in the combustion chambers 5 into the gas duct 13 of the exhaust manifold 1 . For this purpose, the sealing device 10 , which in the present case consists of a high-temperature-resistant metal, is provided with four bores 18 , the positions of which in turn correspond to the exhaust bores 6 and thus the bores 17 of the base part 15 .

From Fig. 3 further shows that there are embossments 19 on the bottom part 15 between the bores 17 , which are formed in the direction of the main part 14 and stiffen the bottom part 15 and prevent vibrations thereof.

The bottom part 15 is provided for stiffening the gas duct 13 and for shielding the cylinder head 2 against the heat from the gas duct 13 . If the sealing device 10 is designed so that it can take over the function of the base part 15 , the same can also be omitted in an embodiment of the exhaust manifold 1 ( not shown ) .

The main part 14 of the gas guide duct 13 has on its side facing the cylinder head 2 a collar 20 which runs along its circumference and is clamped between the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 and the sealing device 10 . The bottom part 15 is also provided with a circumferential collar 21 , so that it has essentially the same outer contour as the main part 14 . The exhaust manifold housing 9 is provided in the area in which the collar 20 and the collar 21 are arranged between the same and the sealing device 10 , with a circumferential recess 22 , which allows the gas duct 13 relative to the sealing device 10 and relative to the exhaust manifold housing 9 movements performs. Such movements can be caused, for example, by the action of heat.

A cost-effective production of the exhaust gas collection housing 9 and the gas guide channel 13 consisting of the main part 14 and the base part 15 can be achieved, for example, by deep drawing or similar forming processes, it being possible in this connection to drill the holes 17 , the embossments 19 , the collar 20 Insert collar 21 and recess 22 into the respective component during the machining process.

The gas duct 13 is made of a high temperature resistant metal in order to withstand the very high exhaust gas temperatures. For this reason, it is possible to make the exhaust gas collector housing 9 from a relatively simple material, such as. B. a structural steel, since the air gap 16 mentioned above ensures insulation. Of course, it is also possible to produce the exhaust manifold housing 9 from cast iron, which can be advantageous, for example, in the case of noise or strength problems.

The sealing device 10 is provided with two beads 23 and 24 , which each run outside the bores 18 and within recesses 25 , the positions of which correspond to those of the recesses 12 in the exhaust gas collection housing 9 and through which the fastening means for attaching the exhaust gas collection housing 9 to the cylinder head 2 run. The recesses 12 and the recesses 25 are each designed as elongated holes in order to enable the movements of the exhaust gas collection housing 9 with respect to the sealing device 10 and with respect to the cylinder head 2 .

The bead 23 is in contact with the cylinder head 2 and the gas duct 13 and seals these two parts against each other. In contrast, the bead 24 extending outside the bead 23 is provided for sealing the cylinder head 2 against the exhaust gas collector housing 9 , for which purpose it is in contact with both components. Furthermore, the beads 23 and 24 create an air gap between the cylinder head 2 and the sealing device 10 , which causes a certain insulation effect between the exhaust manifold 1 and the cylinder head 2 .

As shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 of the other is seen located within the exhaust collector housing 9, in this case within the gas guide passage 13, a catalyst body 26 which at least approximately completely fills the gas guide passage 13. If, in an embodiment of the exhaust manifold 1 , which is not shown, the gas routing duct 13 is dispensed with, the exhaust gas collection housing 9 can be at least almost completely filled with the catalyst body 26 . In other words, the catalyst body 26 is then arranged within the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 .

The catalytic converter body 26 serves as a pre-catalytic converter for the main catalytic converter already arranged above in the exhaust pipe 8 and cleans the exhaust gases flowing into the exhaust manifold 1 in such a way that much more pure exhaust gas flows through the opening 7 into the exhaust pipe 8 than with known solutions. This good cleaning of the exhaust gases is possible in particular because the catalyst body 26 is arranged very close to the cylinder head 2 and because of the high temperatures of the exhaust gases it has a very short response time and a very good efficiency due to the rapid conversion of the exhaust gases.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the catalyst body 26 more 9 and thus extends substantially parallel to the flow direction of the exhaust gas catalyst plates in the longitudinal direction of the exhaust gas collection housing 27 which are connected to each other for example by soldering. In order to achieve a regular spacing of the individual catalyst plates 27 from one another, they each have spacer knobs 28 attached to their flat surfaces. In this way, 27 free spaces 29 are created between the individual catalyst plates. The catalyst plates 27 can consist of metal and / or ceramic and contribute to a very low flow resistance for the exhaust gases, since they can flow relatively freely in the spaces 29 between the catalyst plates 27 and in particular there is no sharp deflection for the exhaust gases. The catalyst plates 27 have a certain surface structure, which can be formed, for example, by sintered powder, chips and / or fibers in order to enlarge the surface and thus achieve an improved cleaning effect. The surface of the catalyst plates 27 can additionally or alternatively also be corrugated and / or perforated.

In FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of exhaust manifold 1 is shown, the structure of which corresponds to to the one described below, otherwise executed catalyst body 26 with the reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 described exhaust manifold 1. However, the catalyst body 26 has at least one wound film 30 , which, as shown, can be wound spirally, so that only one film 30 is required. Alternatively, a plurality of foils 30 can also be provided, which are wound into one another, that is to say arranged concentrically with one another.

The film 30 can be made very thin, in a range of less than 0.1 mm. Furthermore, it can be provided to structure the surface of the film 30 similarly to that of the catalyst plates 27 . In principle, the surface structure can therefore be perforated, perforated, transversely corrugated or similar and / or have sintered powder, chips and / or fibers. The film 30 preferably consists largely of metal for the most part, but can optionally also consist of ceramic or of both materials.

In the area of the exhaust gas bores 6 , the film 30 is provided with cutouts 31 , which allow the exhaust gases to flow freely into all the free spaces 29 that also arise between the individual windings of the film 30 or the individual films 30 . Since the film 30 is arranged essentially parallel to the flow direction of the exhaust gases, the free spaces 29 also run parallel to the exhaust gas flow. This catalyst body 26 thus also fills the gas duct 13 at least approximately completely, and if the gas duct 13 is dispensed with, the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 can also be completely filled.

FIGS. 6 and 7 show a third embodiment of the exhaust manifold 1, in which the catalyst body 26 has a plurality of granular elements 32, which are disposed within the gas guiding passage 13 and between which also the clearances 29 are for the flow by the exhaust gases. A remaining of preferably made of ceramic granular elements 32 in the gas duct 13 to ensure that the exhaust holes are closed by means of 6 hemispherical screens 33 to the gas duct. 13 There is also a sieve 34 in the opening 7 between the exhaust gas line 8 and the gas duct 13 .

The granular elements 32 can, as shown, be formed as spheres, but it is also possible in embodiments not shown to form the granular elements 32 as wire mesh, as wire fibers or as sintered fibers. Of course, a combination of the individual options is also conceivable. In all cases, it may be useful to the individual granular elements 32 z. B. to connect by soldering or sintering. The surface of the granular elements 32 is preferably structured similarly to that of the catalyst plates 27 and the film 30 . In order to prevent the granular elements 32 from moving against one another, one or more swelling mats can be arranged within the gas guide channel 13 or, if appropriate, within the exhaust gas collection housing 9 .

In this embodiment, the main part 14 of the gas guide duct 13 is filled with the granular elements 32 before assembly in the exhaust gas collection housing 9 and then closed with the base part 15 , so that preassembly is possible. The granular elements 32 enable a relatively inexpensive catalyst body 26 and the size thereof can be adapted to the desired flow resistance.

In an embodiment of the exhaust manifold 1 , which is not shown, the catalyst body 26 could also have a honeycomb cross section.

Fig. 8 shows another embodiment of the exhaust manifold 1, which is suitable for all in Figs. 2 to 7 shown exhaust manifold 1. There is the. Cross section of the catalyst body 26 is adapted to the gas flow increasing from the exhaust gas bores 6 in the direction of the exhaust gas line 8 . The gas flow increases in the direction of the exhaust gas line 8 , since initially only the gases from one exhaust gas bore 6 , then from two, three and finally from four exhaust gas holes 6 flow into the gas duct 13 . To take this into account, in this embodiment the exhaust manifold housing 9 and the gas duct 13 are adapted to the cross section of the catalyst body 26 , which is achieved in that the catalyst body 26 and thus also the exhaust manifold housing 9 and the gas duct 13 are conical. Of course, the cross section of the catalyst body 26 is greatest in the area of the exhaust line 8 . In the present case, this is achieved by increasing the height, that is to say the distance, of the outer skin of the exhaust gas collection housing 9 from the cylinder head 2 . If necessary, it would also be possible to increase the width of the exhaust gas collection housing 9 .

If, in an embodiment not shown, the exhaust gas line 8 is arranged in a central region of the exhaust gas collection housing 9 , the exhaust gas collection housing 9 can of course also be designed to be trapezoidal or triangular in order to match the cross section of the catalyst body 26 to the increasing gas flow from the external exhaust gas bores 6 in the direction of the Adapt exhaust pipe 8 .

FIG. 9 shows a further embodiment of the exhaust manifold 1 , in which the catalyst body 26 consists of a plurality of layers of corrugated or lamellar arranged metal foils 35 coated with a catalytically active material. In principle, such a coating can be done in a separate operation. As in the other embodiments, the metal foils 35 essentially fill the entire gas duct 13 , so that the catalytic effect described above occurs. Between the corrugated metal foils 35 there is in each case a non-corrugated metal foil 36 as an intermediate layer, which is also each coated with a catalytically active material. In a manner not shown, the metal foils 35 and / or 36 can be provided with bores which allow a cross flow within the catalyst body 26 . Furthermore, it would be possible to arrange the metal foils 35 and possibly 36 in a spiral.

The catalytic converter body 26 is designed in such a way that it can be generated by the internal combustion engine 3 and can accommodate the soot particles leaving one of the exhaust gas bores 6 and these can be deposited on one of the metal foils 35 or 36 of the catalytic converter body 26 . This ensures a filtering effect for soot particles, particularly in internal combustion engines 3 operating on the diesel principle. If a higher temperature, for example a temperature between 800 and 900 ° C., arises within the exhaust gas collection housing 9 during operation of the internal combustion engine 3 , the soot particles burn and are thus removed in a manner that is harmless to the environment.

In this context, the larger the surface area of the catalyst body 26, the more soot particles can be deposited on it. The soot burned as described above avoids the previously existing problems of oil ashing, so that the catalyst body 26 cannot become clogged with oil ash and there is therefore no danger of clogging.

When the internal combustion engine 3 is acted upon appropriately and the resulting higher flow velocities within the exhaust manifold 1 , the burned soot particles are released from the catalyst body 26 and can leave the exhaust gas collection housing 9 through the opening 7 . This "automatic" removal of the soot particles can prevent the addition of chemical substances or the like. In this connection, a further collecting container or the like can be provided in a manner not shown, in order to avoid expelling the burned soot particles into the environment.

As is known per se, various pollutants are converted in the catalyst body 26 . Among other things, HC emissions react in such a way that substances that are harmless to the environment are created. Since this is an exothermic reaction, the temperature inside the exhaust manifold 1 increases , as a result of which the exhaust gases leaving the opening 7 have a higher temperature than without the action of the catalyst body 26 . If the exhaust manifold 1 is followed by an exhaust gas turbocharger, not shown, this increased temperature benefits the efficiency of the exhaust gas turbocharger.

In the present case, the sealing device 10 , which, as described above, enables the movements caused by the action of heat between the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 and the sealing device 10 and between the exhaust gas collecting housing 9 and the cylinder head 2 , is formed in three layers. However, a sealing device 10 as described above can also be used.

The exhaust manifold 1 according to FIG. 10 also has the catalyst body 26 with the metal foils 35 and optionally 36 described with reference to FIG. 9. As indicated by the arrows labeled "S", the exhaust gases flow through openings, not shown, through the individual metal foils 35 , so that the soot particles can be deposited on the enlarged surface of the catalyst body 26 .

Fig. 11 shows a further embodiment of the exhaust manifold 1, in which the catalyst body 26 has a plurality of radially from the gas duct 13 inwardly extending, needle-shaped catalyst elements 37. Furthermore, essentially needle-shaped catalyst elements 38 are also provided, which run outward from a central holding mandrel 39 in the direction of the gas guide channel 13 . The catalyst elements 37 and 38 thus together form the catalyst body 26 , which also has an enlarged surface for receiving the soot particles.

In Fig. 12, an exhaust manifold 1 is shown, the catalyst body 26 consists of foamed metal. Such a metal foam can be produced by techniques known per se, in which essentially porous metal is foamed and then coated with material with a corresponding catalytic effect. This also increases the surface area of the catalyst body 26 , which in turn can cause soot particles to settle. In this context, the metal foam can also be in the form of thin plates and thus form the catalyst body 26 .

In this case, one or more openings 40 can be provided in the gas guide channel 13 , through which the exhaust gases can reach the air gap 16 between the exhaust gas collection housing 9 and the gas guide channel 13 . These exhaust gases also leave the exhaust manifold 1 through the opening 7 , as do the exhaust gases which flow completely through the catalyst body 26 .

FIG. 13 shows a catalyst body 26 which is very similar to FIG. 12, but the cross section of which is pentagonal.

A further, very similar embodiment to FIGS. 12 and 13 is shown in FIG. 14 with a catalyst body 26 which has a hexagonal cross section.

The exhaust manifold 1 according to FIG. 15 has two catalyst bodies 26 a and 26 b, which are arranged one above the other with an air gap 41 located between them. By the exhaust gas collector housing 9 and the gas guiding passage 13 extending lines 42, which initiate catalytically active gas in the interior of the gas guiding passage 13, so as to achieve a better cleaning effect for the exhaust gases.

Such lines 42 could also be provided in all other embodiments of the catalyst body 26 , which in addition to the design with the metal foils 35 and 36 , the catalyst elements 37 and 38 and the metal foam also made of sintered wire fibers, a wire mesh, a wire mesh, perforated sheets or made of could consist of a ceramic foam, these elements would then replace the metal foils 35 and 36 respectively. In this context, all of these elements for forming the catalyst body 26 would be designed in such a way that there would be a larger support surface for receiving the soot particles, wherein special areas could be provided for the deposition of the soot particles.

FIG. 16 is carried out only by the introduction of catalytically active gas via line 42 to an exhaust manifold 1, no catalyst body 26 is provided in which, but the cleaning effect of the exhaust gas.

FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 show an exhaust manifold 1 in which the catalyst body 26 consists of an erodible catalyst material which is flown around by the exhaust gases. During this flow around the catalyst body 26 , active substances are released and removed from the same, so that the catalytic cleaning action for the exhaust gases results in this way. As shown, the catalyst body 26 can have various shapes, the catalyst body 26 being arranged in the center in FIG. 17 and on the outer wall of the gas guide channel 13 in FIG. 18.

FIG. 19 shows a sectional view similar to FIG. 9, in which the structure of the entire exhaust manifold 1 with the catalyst body 26 becomes clear once again.

In all embodiments, a further catalytic converter (not shown) can be connected downstream of the catalytic converter body 26 shown in a line connecting the exhaust manifold 1 . Furthermore, the catalytic converter body 26 can be an uncontrolled catalytic converter, but it is also possible to provide measuring probes (not shown) projecting into the gas routing channel 13 , for example so-called lambda probes with which at least the temperature within the gas routing channel 13 is measured, so that a regulated catalyst can be formed.

Claims (45)

1. Exhaust manifold for attachment to a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, which has a plurality of exhaust bores for the discharge of exhaust gas, with a trough-shaped exhaust manifold housing for receiving exhaust gas from the cylinder head, characterized in that the exhaust manifold housing ( 9 ) is at least approximately completely with a catalyst body ( 26 ) is filled out. 2. Exhaust manifold according to claim 1, characterized in that a gas duct ( 13 ) is arranged within the exhaust manifold housing ( 9 ), an air gap ( 16 ) being located between the exhaust manifold housing ( 9 ) and the gas duct ( 13 ), and wherein the gas duct ( 13 ) is at least almost completely filled with the catalyst body ( 26 ). 3. Exhaust manifold according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cross section of the catalyst body ( 26 ) is adapted to the increasing from the exhaust holes ( 6 ) towards an exhaust pipe ( 8 ) gas flow. 4. Exhaust manifold according to claim 3, characterized in that the exhaust manifold housing ( 9 ) and / or the gas duct ( 13 ) are adapted to the cross section of the catalyst body ( 26 ). 5. Exhaust manifold according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the catalyst body ( 26 ) is conical, the cross section of the catalyst body ( 26 ) in the region of the exhaust pipe ( 8 ) being largest. 6. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the catalyst body ( 26 ) has a plurality of catalyst plates ( 27 ) extending in the longitudinal direction of the exhaust gas collection housing ( 9 ). 7. Exhaust manifold according to claim 6, characterized in that the catalyst plates ( 27 ) are interconnected. 8. Exhaust manifold according to claim 7, characterized in that the connection of the catalyst plates ( 27 ) takes place by means of soldering. 9. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that the catalyst plates ( 27 ) by means of spacer knobs ( 28 ) are spaced apart, with spaces ( 29 ) between the catalyst plates ( 27 ). 10. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the catalyst plates ( 27 ) have a corrugated and / or perforated surface structure. 11. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the catalyst plates ( 27 ) have a surface structure formed by sintered powder, chips and / or fibers. 12. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the catalyst body ( 26 ) has at least one wound film ( 30 ). 13. Exhaust manifold according to claim 12, characterized in that the at least one wound film ( 30 ) in the region of the exhaust bores ( 8 ) is provided with recesses ( 31 ). 14. Exhaust manifold according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the at least one film ( 30 ) is wound spirally. 15. Exhaust manifold according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that a plurality of foils ( 30 ) are provided which are arranged concentrically to one another. 16. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the at least one film ( 30 ) has a corrugated and / or perforated surface structure. 17. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the at least one film ( 30 ) has a surface structure formed by sintered powder, chips and / or fibers. 18. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the catalyst body ( 26 ) has a plurality of granular elements ( 32 ). 19. Exhaust manifold according to claim 18, characterized in that the granular elements ( 32 ) are designed as balls. 20. Exhaust manifold according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the granular elements ( 32 ) are designed as a wire mesh. 21. Exhaust manifold according to claim 18, 19 or 20, characterized in that the granular elements ( 32 ) are designed as wire fibers. 22. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that the granular elements ( 32 ) are designed as sintered fibers. 23. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 18 to 22, characterized in that at least one swelling mat is arranged between the granular elements ( 32 ). 24. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 18 to 23, characterized in that the granular elements ( 32 ) are connected to one another by soldering and / or sintering. 25. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 18 to 24, characterized in that the granular elements ( 32 ) have a corrugated and / or perforated surface structure. 26. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 18 to 25, characterized in that the granular elements ( 32 ) have a surface structure formed by sintered powder, chips and / or fibers. 27. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the catalyst body ( 26 ) is honeycomb-shaped in cross section. 28. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that the catalyst body ( 26 ) consists largely of ceramic for the most part. 29. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that the catalyst body ( 26 ) consists largely of metal for the most part. 30. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 2 to 29, characterized in that the gas guide duct ( 13 ) has a main part ( 14 ) adapted to the contour of the exhaust gas collecting housing ( 9 ) and a base part ( 15 ) arranged in the direction of the cylinder head ( 2 ). 31. Exhaust manifold according to claim 1 to 30, characterized in that the exhaust manifold housing ( 9 ) is provided with recesses ( 12 ) through which it can be connected directly to the cylinder head ( 2 ) via fastening means. 32. exhaust manifold according to one of claims 1 to 31, characterized in that a sealing device ( 10 ) is arranged between the exhaust manifold housing ( 9 ) and the cylinder head ( 2 ). 33. exhaust manifold according to claim 32, characterized in that the sealing device ( 10 ) is designed as a separate part. 34. exhaust manifold according to claim 32 or 33, characterized in that between the exhaust manifold housing ( 9 ) and the sealing device ( 10 ) and between the exhaust manifold housing ( 9 ) and the cylinder head ( 2 ) caused by the action of heat are possible. 35. exhaust manifold according to one of claims 1 to 34, characterized in that the catalyst body ( 26 ) is designed such that it is able to accommodate soot particles generated by the internal combustion engine ( 3 ). 36. exhaust manifold according to claim 35, characterized in that the catalyst body ( 26 ) has a region which are provided for the deposition of soot particles. 37. exhaust manifold according to claim 35 or 36, characterized in that the catalyst body ( 26 ) has a plurality of metal foils ( 35 , 36 ) which are coated with a catalytically active material. 38. exhaust manifold according to claim 37, characterized in that the metal foils ( 35 ) are arranged lamellar. 39. exhaust manifold according to claim 37, characterized in that the metal foils ( 35 ) are arranged spirally. 40. exhaust manifold according to claim 35 or 36, characterized in that the catalyst body ( 26 ) consists of foamed metal, which is coated with material with a catalytic effect. 41. exhaust manifold according to claim 35 or 36, characterized in that the catalyst body ( 26 ) radially from the gas guide channel ( 13 ) inwardly extending, needle-shaped catalyst elements ( 37 ). 42. exhaust manifold according to one of claims 2 to 41, characterized in that a in the gas guide channel ( 13 ) extending line ( 42 ) is provided for the introduction of catalytically active gas. 43. Exhaust manifold according to one of claims 1 to 42, characterized in that a measuring probe projecting into the exhaust gas collecting housing ( 9 ) is provided for measuring at least the temperature inside the exhaust gas collecting housing ( 9 ). 44. exhaust manifold according to one of claims 18 to 26, characterized in that the granular elements ( 32 ) consist of a metal which is coated with material with a catalytic effect. 45. exhaust manifold according to one of claims 35 or 36, characterized in that the catalyst body ( 26 ) consists of erodible material.