DD277835A1 - MEANS FOR INCREASING THE STRESSTOLERANCE OF CULTURAL PLANTS - Google Patents

MEANS FOR INCREASING THE STRESSTOLERANCE OF CULTURAL PLANTS Download PDF

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DD277835A1
DD277835A1 DD32304388A DD32304388A DD277835A1 DD 277835 A1 DD277835 A1 DD 277835A1 DD 32304388 A DD32304388 A DD 32304388A DD 32304388 A DD32304388 A DD 32304388A DD 277835 A1 DD277835 A1 DD 277835A1
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salt
increasing
tolerance
plants
yield
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DD32304388A
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Hans Bergmann
Rolf Bergmann
Edeltraud Jaeger
Waltraud Hoehn
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Forschzent Bodenfruchtbarkeit
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Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft Mittel zur Erhoehung der Stresstoleranz von Kulturpflanzen insbesondere zur Erhoehung der Salz- und Trockentoleranz von Getreide. Als Wirkstoffe enthalten diese Mittel ein 1,3-Dimethylxanthin der allgemeinen Formel I, wobei fuer R Aminoethyl (CH2CH2NH2)-Reste, Chlorethyl (CH2CH2Cl)-Reste oder aber vorzugsweise Hydroxy (CH2CH2OH)-Reste stehen koennen. Formel IThe invention relates to compositions for increasing the stress tolerance of crop plants, in particular for increasing the salt and drought tolerance of cereals. As active ingredients, these agents contain a 1,3-dimethylxanthine of the general formula I, where R may be aminoethyl (CH 2 CH 2 NH 2) radicals, chloroethyl (CH 2 CH 2 Cl) radicals or preferably hydroxy (CH 2 CH 2 OH) radicals. Formula I

Description

Darlegung des Wesens der ErfindungExplanation of the essence of the invention

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Mittel zur Erhöhung der Streßtoleranz von Kulturpflanzen, insbesondere zur gleichzeitigen Erhöhung der Salz- und Trockentoleranz bei Getreide zu entwickeln, die toxikologisch und umwelthygienisch unbedenklich sind und bereits bei geringer molarer Dosis eine signifikante biologische Aktivität entfalten. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß Mitte' zur Erhöhung der Streßtoleranz von Kulturpflanzen neben üblichen Hilfs- und Trägerstoffen als Wirkstoff ein 1,3-Dimethylxanthin dor allgemeinen Formel IThe invention has for its object to develop means for increasing the stress tolerance of crops, in particular for the simultaneous increase of salt and drought tolerance in cereals that are toxicologically and environmentally safe hygienic and unfold a significant biological activity even at a low molar dose. This object is achieved in that 'middle' to increase the stress tolerance of crops in addition to conventional excipients and carriers as the active ingredient, a 1,3-dimethylxanthine dor general formula I.

Λ. _ ! ' Λ. _ ! '

(Formel I)(Formula I)

') ')

ZVZV

enthalten, in der für R Aminoethyl (-CH7-CHr-NH2)ReSIe, Chlorethyl (-CHr-CH7-CI)-Reste oder aber vorzugsweise Hydroxyl (-CHr-CHr-OH)-Reste stehen können.in which R is aminoethyl (-CH 7 -CHr-NH 2 ) ReSIe, chloroethyl (-CHr-CH 7 -CI) radicals or preferably hydroxyl (-CHr-CHr-OH) radicals may be.

Ausführungsbeispieleembodiments Beispiel 1:Example 1: Einfluß der erfindungsgemäßen Mittel auf das Keimlingwachstum von Sommergerste unter SalzstreßInfluence of the agents according to the invention on the seedling growth of spring barley under salt stress

Untersuchungen zum Keimlingswachstum sind in Petrischalen vorgenommen worden. Zu diesem Zweck wurde das Saatgut von Sommergerste (cv. Salome) entweder für 5 Stunden in destilliertem Wasser oder in Salzlösung die erfindungsgemäßen Mittel zugegeben. In Paralleluntersuchungcn sind Körner ohne Zusatz der erfindungsgemäßen Mittel vorgequollen worden. Im Anschluß ün die Vorquellperiode wurden die Körner auf feuchtes Filterpapier in Petrischalen ausgelegt. Die Bestimmung des Keimlingswachstums erfolgte 48 Stunden nach der Aussaat der Körner in die Petrischalen (Kultivierung bei 230C und 100% relativer Luftfeuchte in Dunkelkammer).Studies on seedling growth have been made in Petri dishes. For this purpose, the seeds of spring barley (cv Salome) were added to the compositions according to the invention either for 5 hours in distilled water or in saline. In parallel investigations grains have been pre-swollen without the addition of the agents according to the invention. Following the pre-swelling period, the kernels were placed on wet filter paper in Petri dishes. Seedling growth was determined 48 hours after sowing the seeds into the Petri dishes (culturing at 23 ° C. and 100% relative humidity in a darkroom).

Aus den Koimungsversuchon geht horvor (Tabelle 1), daß unter dan Bedingungen von Salzstreß die Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Mittel des Keimlingswachstums signifikant stimuliert.From the Koimungsversuchon is horvor (Table 1) that under dan conditions of salt stress significantly stimulates the application of the means of seedling growth according to the invention.

Tabelle 1: Einfluß der erfindungsgemäßen Mittel auf das Keimlingswachstum von Sommergerste (cv. Salome) bei geringem bis mäßigem SalzstreßTable 1: Influence of the agents according to the invention on the seedling growth of spring barley (cv. Salome) with low to moderate salt stress

Mittelmedium Konzentrationconcentration Keimlingswachstum (rel.lSeedling growth (rel II mit Salz21 with salt 21 (mol/l)(minor) ohne Salzwithout salt a) erfindungsgemäßa) according to the invention 109109 R-"-CHj-CH7-OHR - "- CHj-CH 7 -OH MO 6 MO 6 100100 120120 MO b MO b 103103 122'122 ' MO 4 MO 4 105105 116116 MU"3 MU " 3 100100 8383 MO 'MO ' 8383 116116 -CH7-CH7-NH7 -CH 7 -CH 7 -NH 7 MO * MO * 101101 115115 -CH7-CH7-CI-CH 7 -CH 7 -CI MO"4 MO " 4 9797 b) Vergleichsprüfgliederb) comparative test members 111111 MonoethanolaminMonoethanolamine MO 4 MO 4 9292 116"116 ' MO"3 MO " 3 9292 103103 CCC(Chlotcholinchlorid)CCC (Chlotcholinchlorid) MO 4 MO 4 9898 114114 MO 3 MO 3 103103 Cf ohne MittelCF without funds 100100 Kontrollecontrol -- 100100 (61mg/10Pfl.)(61mg / 10Pfl.) (66mg/10Pfl.)(66mg / 10Pfl.)

I]R = Substituenten in Positionen V(N) dos 1,3-OimethylxAnthins gemäß Formel I 2) Sal*kon*ent(ation 0,5% NaCI t 0.15% KCII] R = substituents in positions V (N) of the 1,3-OimethylxAnthins according to formula I 2) Sal * kon * ent (cation 0.5% NaCl t 0.15% KCl

Am wirksamsten war das 1,3-Dimethyl-7-(ß-hydroxyothyl)-xanthin. Dio molare Wirksamkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Mittel lag dabei eindeutig über den Vergloichssubstarizen Monoethanolamin und CCC.The most effective was 1,3-dimethyl-7- (β-hydroxy-thyl) -xanthine. Dio molar activity of the compositions according to the invention was clearly above the Vergloichssubstarizen monoethanolamine and CCC.

Beispiel 2:Example 2: Einfluß der erfindungsgemäßen Mittat auf den Kornertrag von Winterroggen unter StreSbedingungenInfluence of Mittat on the grain yield of winter rye under StreSbedingungen

Der Einfluß der erfindungsgemäßen Mittel auf den Kornertrag und den Streßindex wurde im Beispiel 2 in einem Gefäßversuch ermittelt. Die Pflanzenanzucht erfolgte in einem Sand-/Boden-Gemisch (2:1, m/m, 6,9kg Substrattrockenmasse je Mitscherlichgefäß). Je KulturgefäC sind 15 Pflanzen bei folgendem Nährstoffangebot kultiviert worden: 1,6g N, 0,5g P, 1,4g K, 0,3g Mg, 0,6g Ca, 30mg Fe und Mikronährstoffe. Der Wasserverbrauch ist täglich durch Wägung ermittelt worden und im Anschluß an jede Wägung ist der Wasserverlust (Evapotranspiration) ersetzt worden. Die Kontrollvariante wurde auf eine Sollbodenfeuchte von 60% der nutzbaren Wasserkapazität angefeuchtet. Die Streßvariante ist während der Produktbildungsphase in drei Trockenphasen von jeweils 1 Woche auf einen oberen Fsuchtesollwert von 35% nWK eingestellt worden. Zugleich wies die Bodenlösung der Kontrollvariante einen mittleren osmotischon Druck von 0,2MPa auf. Der osmotische Druck betrug bei der Streßvariante im Mittel der Produktbildungsphase 0,4 MPa.The influence of the agents according to the invention on the grain yield and the stress index was determined in Example 2 in a vial test. The plant cultivation was carried out in a sand / soil mixture (2: 1, m / m, 6.9 kg substrate dry matter per Mitscherlich vessel). 15 cultures per cultivar were cultivated with the following nutrient supply: 1.6 g N, 0.5 g P, 1.4 g K, 0.3 g Mg, 0.6 g Ca, 30 mg Fe and micronutrients. The water consumption was determined daily by weighing and following each weighing the loss of water (evapotranspiration) has been replaced. The control variant was moistened to a nominal soil moisture content of 60% of the usable water capacity. The stress variant has been adjusted during the product formation phase in three dry phases of 1 week to an upper Fuchses target value of 35% nWK. At the same time, the soil solution of the control variant had a mean osmotic pressure of 0.2 MPa. The osmotic pressure in the stress variant was 0.4 MPa on average during the product formation phase.

Die Untersuchungen in Gefäßen ergaben, daß der Kornertrag unter Streß um -7% erhöht wurde und bei gleichen Aufwendungen über der Ertragswirksamkeit der Vergleichssubstanz lag.The tests in vessels showed that the grain yield was increased under stress by -7% and at the same cost over the efficiency of the reference substance.

Beispiel 3:Example 3: Einfluß der erfindungsgemäften Mittel auf den Kornertrag und den Streßtoleranzindex von Winterweizen unterInfluence of the agents according to the invention on the grain yield and the stress tolerance index of winter wheat under StreßbodingungenStreßbodingungen

Der Feldversuch wurde auf einem haplic Pheozem mit sehr begrenzter Wasserbereitstellung bei 50% des langjährigen Niederschlagsangebots in der Hauptvegetation durchgeführt.The field trial was carried out on a haplic pheozem with very limited water supply at 50% of the long-term precipitation supply in the main vegetation.

Tabel'e 2: Einfluß der erfindungsgemäßen Mittel auf den Kornertrjg von Winterroggen (cv. Pluio) unter StreßbedingungenTable 2: Influence of the agents according to the invention on the grain flow of winter rye (cv. Pluio) under stress conditions

Mittelmedium Dosisdose Kornertraggrain yield Kornzahlgrain number davon Kornzahl von Neof which grain number of Ne (mg/Gefäß)(Mg / vessel) (g/Gefäß)(G / vessel) (Stück/Gefäß)(Unit / vessel) benhalmenbenhalmen (Stück/Gefäß)(Unit / vessel) a) erfindungsgemäßa) according to the invention R= "-CH7-CHr-OHR = "-CH 7 -CHr-OH 1010 66,966.9 19131913 10011001 (1 10 ?mol/l)(1 10 ? Mol / l) b) Vergleichsvariante -b) comparison variant - MonoethanolaminMonoethanolamine 1010 64,864.8 18701870 972972 (1 10 2mol/l)(1 10 2 mol / l) c) ohne Mittelc) without funds Kontrolle mit StreßControl with stress 62,762.7 18801880 950950 (Kontrolle ohne Streß)(Control without stress) 68,968.9 19541954 10421042

R" ~ Subslituent in Position 7 (N) des 1,3-Dimelliylxanthins gemäß Formel IR "~ Subslituent in position 7 (N) of 1,3-Dimelliylxanthins according to formula I.

Die Versuchsdurchführung erfolgte nach üblichen Methodenstandards (Parzellengröße: 20m2, Zahl der Wiederholungen je Prüfglied: 5). Die Düngung und Bestandesführung ist nach Normativen für hohe Erträge (80 GE) vorgenommen worden. Der Stroßtoleranzindcx (STI) wurde wie folgt ermittelt:The experiment was carried out according to standard method standards (plot size: 20m 2 , number of repetitions per test element: 5). Fertilization and stock management has been carried out according to norms for high yields (80 GE). The Stroftoleranzindcx (STI) was determined as follows:

Kornortrag bei Streß (Konlroll- bzw. Wirkstoffvariante) Kornertrag ohno Streß (Kontrollvarianto) Kornortrag in stress (Konlroll- or drug variant ) grain yield without stress (Kontrollvarianto)

Tabelle 3: Ein'luß der erfindungsgemäßon Mittel auf den Kornertrag und den Streßtoleranzindex (STI) von Winterweizen (cv. Arkos) unter hoher TrockenbelastungTable 3: Influence of the means according to the invention on the grain yield and the stress tolerance index (STI) of winter wheat (cv. Arkos) under high dry load

Mittelmedium Dosis (kg/ha)Dose (kg / ha) Kornertrai) (dt/ha)Kornertrai) (dt / ha) STISTI a) erfindungsgemäß R - "-CH7-CK7-OH -CH7-CH7-OHa) according to the invention R - "- CH 7 -CK 7 -OH -CH 7 -CH 7 -OH 0,25 0,500.25 0.50 43,6 43,143.6 43.1 0,61 0,600.61 0.60 b) Vergleichsvarianten Monoethanolamin CCC(Chlorcholinchlorid)b) Comparison Variants Monoethanolamine CCC (Chlorocholine Chloride) 1,5 2,01.5 2.0 41,6 40,041.6 40.0 0,58 0,550.58 0.55 c) ohne Mittel Kontrollo mit Streß Kontrolle ohne Streß (- 200 mm Zusatzwasser)c) without means control with stress control without stress (- 200 mm additional water) -- 38,0 72,138.0 72.1 0,53 (1,00)0.53 (1.00)

R" Substituent in Position 7 (N) des 1,3-Dimethylxanthins gemäß Formel IR "substituent in position 7 (N) of 1,3-dimethylxanthine according to formula I.

Claims (1)

Mittel zur Erhöhung der Streßtoleranz von Kulturpflanzen, insbesondere zur Erhöhung der Trocken- und Salztoleranz von Getreide, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß sie neben üblichen Hilfs- und Trägerstoffen als Wirkstoff ein 1,3-Dimethylxanthin der allgemeinen Formel IAgent for increasing the stress tolerance of crops, in particular for increasing the dry and salt tolerance of cereals, characterized in that they are in addition to conventional excipients and carriers as the active ingredient, a 1,3-dimethylxanthine of the general formula I. (Formel I)(Formula I) enthalten, in der für R Aminoethyl (-CH2-CH2-NH2)-Reste, Chlorethyl (-CH2-CH2-CI)-ReSIe oder aber vorzugsweise Hydroxyl (-CH2-CH2-OH)-ReSIe stehen können.in which R is aminoethyl (-CH 2 -CH 2 -NH 2 ) radicals, chloroethyl (-CH 2 -CH 2 -CI) -ReSIe or preferably hydroxyl (-CH 2 -CH 2 -OH) -ReSIe can stand. Anwendungsgebiet der ErfindungField of application of the invention Die Erfindung betrifft ein Mittel zur Erhöhung der Streßtoleran,? von Kulturpflanzen. Es kann insbesondere zur Verbesserung der Toleranz bei Kulturpflanzen gegenüber abiotischen Stressoren in der landwirtschaftlichen Pflanzenproduktion angewendet werden.The invention relates to a means of increasing stress tolerance. of crops. It can be used in particular for improving the tolerance of crops to abiotic stressors in agricultural crop production. Charakteristik des bekannten Standes der TechnikCharacteristic of the known state of the art Es ist bekannt, daß Ertragsdepressionen vorrangig durch physiologische Trockenheit verursacht werden. Darüber hinaus weisen etwa 1 Milliarde ha landwirtschaftlicher Nutzfläche der Erde ertragssenkende Salzgehalte im Bodensubstrat auf. Auch in humiden Klimazonen steigt die Salzkonzentration im Bodenwasser während zeitweiliger Trockenheit vor allem bei hoher Mineraldüngung, auf pflanzenphysiologisch ungünstige Werte an. Besonders salzempfindlich sind dabei bekanntlich keimende Pflanzen sowie Jungpflanzen. Zur Abschwächung dieser ertragssenkenden Salzeffexte werden beispielsweise Bodenbehandlungen mit Gips vorgenommen, die abef mit einem enormen Transport- und Energieaufwand verbunden sind. Es ist ferner bekannt, durch Züchtung von salztoleranten Pflanzen das Salzproblem zu lösen. Wesentliche Erfolge konnten auf diesem Wege aber noch nicht erreicht werden. Durch Einsatz von Pnytohormonen und synthetischen Wirkungsanaloga der Phytohormone sind bekanntlich Verbesserungen möglich (DDPS 218260, DD-PS 217408, DDPS 217409 und DD-PS 217410). Auch bei Anwendung von wachstumsregulierend wirkenden quaternären Ammoniumbasen ist bekanntlich eine Erhöhung der pflanzlichen Salztoleranz erreichbar (DD-PS 215686, DD-PS 215688). Die Wirkung der Phytohormone und synthetischen Wachstumsregulatoren ist jedoch unter bestimmten Bedingungen unzureichend. Die Wirkungsunsicherheit der Gibberelline undCytokinine mit Phytohormoncharakter beruht u.a. darauf, daß diese Substanzen gleichzeitig die Transpiration erhöhen und dadurch die Wasserstatusstabilität der Pflanzen erniedrigt wird. Bei Anwendung des Wachstumshemmors Chlorcholinchlorid kann unter Salzbedingungen die Schwelle von wachstumshemmenden Einflüssen überschritten werden, so daß dann keine Ertragsvorteile durch Mitteleinsatz resultieren. Ferner ist die Herstellung von Phytohormonen sehr kostenaufwendig und der Einsatz von Chlorcholinchlorid mit toxikologischen Problemen behaftet. Toxikologisch ungünstig sind auch salzstreßabschwächende Hydroxylaminderivate (DD-PS 216159) zu bewerten. Eine Salzt "«!eranzverbesserung, die zugleich mit einer ertragssteigernden Wasserhaushaltsoptimierung gekoppelt ist, wird auch durch kostengünstige biogene und synthutischo Ethanolamine an Einzelpflanzen und ir Feldbeständen erreicht (DD-PS 255871, DD-PS 151104). Durch Anwendung von Brassinolidcn kann die Salztoleranz, Käl'.eresistenz und Resisterz gegenüber Herbiziden bei Kulturpflanzen unter Umgehung toxikologischer Nachteile erhöht weidon (JP-PS 57-118503, JP-PS 60-113567, DE-OS 3533633). Brassinolidu sind jedoch teuer, so daß eir Praxiseinsatz an eine höhere Ertragswirksamkeit unter Fcldbedingungen oder eino Dosierverringerung bei gleicher Wirksamkeit geknüpft ist.It is known that yield depression is primarily caused by physiological dryness. In addition, about 1 billion hectares of agricultural land in the world have yield-reducing salinity in the soil substrate. Even in humid climates, the salt concentration in the soil water during temporary drought, especially at high mineral fertilization, increases to unfavorable plant physiological values. Particularly sensitive to salt are known to be germinating plants and young plants. In order to mitigate these yield-reducing salts, for example, soil treatments with gypsum are carried out, which are connected abef with an enormous transport and energy expenditure. It is also known to solve the salt problem by breeding salt-tolerant plants. Significant successes have not yet been achieved in this way. Improvements are known to be possible by the use of phenyl-hormones and synthetic action analogs of the phytohormones (DDPS 218260, DD-PS 217408, DDPS 217409 and DD-PS 217410). Even with the application of growth-regulating acting quaternary ammonium bases is known to increase the plant salt tolerance achievable (DD-PS 215686, DD-PS 215688). However, the effect of the phytohormones and synthetic growth regulators is insufficient under certain conditions. The uncertainty of gibberellin and cytokinins of phytohormone character is due to i.a. that these substances increase transpiration at the same time and thereby lower the water status stability of the plants. When using the growth inhibitor chlorocholine chloride, the threshold of growth-inhibiting influences can be exceeded under salt conditions, so that then no yield advantages result from using funds. Furthermore, the production of phytohormones is very expensive and the use of chlorocholine chloride has toxicological problems. Toxicologically unfavorable saline stress-reducing hydroxylamine derivatives (DD-PS 216159) are to be evaluated. A salt improvement, which is coupled with an increase in the yield of water resources, is also achieved by low-cost biogenic and synthetic ethanolamines on individual plants and field crops (DD-PS 255871, DD-PS 151104). Käl'.eresistenz and Resisterz against herbicides in crops, bypassing toxicological disadvantages heidon increased (JP-PS 57-118503, JP-PS 60-113567, DE-OS 3533633) .Bringinolidu are, however, expensive, so that eir practice for a higher yield efficiency under Fcldbedingungen or a dosing reduction with the same effectiveness is linked. Ziel der ErfindungObject of the invention Ziel der Erfindung ist es, ein Mittel zur Erhöhung der Streßtoleranz von Kulturpflanzen, insbesondere zur Erhöhung der Salz-und Trockentoleranz mit verbesserter resistonzphysiologi"cher Aktivität zu entwickeln, die kostengünstig herstellbar sind und toxikologisch günstige Eigenschaften besitzen sowie hinsichtlich des Umweltschutzes unbedenklich sind.The aim of the invention is to develop a means for increasing the stress tolerance of crop plants, in particular for increasing the salt and drought tolerance with improved resistonphysiological activity, which can be produced inexpensively and have toxicologically favorable properties and which are harmless with regard to environmental protection.
DD32304388A 1988-12-13 1988-12-13 MEANS FOR INCREASING THE STRESSTOLERANCE OF CULTURAL PLANTS DD277835A1 (en)

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WO2016012362A1 (en) 2014-07-22 2016-01-28 Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft Substituted cyano cycloalkyl penta-2,4-dienes, cyano cycloalkyl pent-2-en-4-ynes, cyano heterocyclyl penta-2,4-dienes and cyano heterocyclyl pent-2-en-4-ynes as active substances against abiotic plant stress
WO2016096942A1 (en) 2014-12-18 2016-06-23 Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft Use of selected pyridone carboxamides or salts thereof as active substances against abiotic plant stress
EP3210469A1 (en) 2016-02-23 2017-08-30 Bayer Cropscience AG Use of substituted thio-1,2,4-triazoles for increasing stress tolerance in plants
DE102016107338A1 (en) 2016-04-20 2017-10-26 Skw Stickstoffwerke Piesteritz Gmbh Use of imidamide derivatives as an agent for improving the dry stress tolerance
EP3332645A1 (en) 2016-12-12 2018-06-13 Bayer Cropscience AG Use of substituted pyrimidine diones or their salts as agents to combat abiotic plant stress
WO2018108627A1 (en) 2016-12-12 2018-06-21 Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft Use of substituted indolinylmethyl sulfonamides, or the salts thereof for increasing the stress tolerance of plants
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