CZ209994A3 - Apparatus for obtaining fibers from stalks of vegetable material - Google Patents

Abstract

Smooth surface bottom cylinders (3) with their bottom driving mechanism (8) are secured to a bottom frame (1). An upper frame (2) is mounted for swinging motion on the bottom frame (1) to receive upper smooth surface cylinders (4). A spring urged double blade scraper (6) provided by a special shaped repulsion member (7) adhere to each upper cylinder (4). Bottom guiding and wiping bars (5) are disposed in the spaces between the bottom cylinders (3).

Description

for extracting fibers from the stems of plant material

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an apparatus for obtaining fibers from the stems of plant material, with the driven rollers mounted alternately in the frame.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In filament plant stems, for example flax, the carpet stalk layer extends between opposing ₍ interlocking) profiles. The profiles perform a rotational movement on one side and a linear movement on the other side, or on both sides a linear movement According to AO 159105, the breaker device is formed of rollers and an endless drive belt provided with profiles, and devices made of cooperating pairs of breaker rollers are known. There is a certain gap between the cooperating surfaces of the breaking device that the carpet layer of stalks pass through. As the stalks pass between the breaking device, the tines of the cylinder passing through the tines are forced into the gaps between the tines of the endless drive belt. In devices equipped with pairs of rollers, the stems are pushed by the projections of one roll into the depressions of the other roll. When passing between the rolls, the carpet layer of stems moves along a wavy path. On this wavy track, the stems follow the forced profile of the teeth and gaps or protrusions and recesses. In these places the stems break. The wood inside the stalks and the outer sheath of the fibers break at the break points into the space under the breaking device, in the form of shives, or they are sucked off. The fibers gradually get rid of these wood parts and sheaths. Stems collected from the field often contain pieces of clay and mud. This is easy to stick to the rollers, acts abrasively and increases the wear rate of the rollers. . Stickers can have other unpleasant consequences. If stickers stick to the rollers. there is a danger that some stems may stick to them locally. The glued stem leaves its wavy path, rolls on a cylinder and contributes to mating. This failure often leads to clogging of the space between the rollers. The fault is remedied by stopping the machine, the upper rollers are raised, and the baffles and tangles are removed. This increases downtime and reduces productivity. The cylinders provided with the profiles and the claws disturb the long fibers when breaking the stalks, thereby reducing their yield. Fibrous flakes and clusters falling under the lower rollers into the waste also have an adverse effect on the yield, in the case of equipment without suction. In the case of devices which have teeth, grooves, projections or recesses, it is not possible to use wipers which would abut and prevent or at least limit the rolling of the stems on the rollers.

The essence of the solution

These drawbacks are largely overcome by a device for extracting fibers from the stems of plant material, especially flax. The driven rollers are mounted in the frame alternately opposite one another. The lower roller bearings are mounted in the lower frame. The upper roller bearings, which have a separately adjustable thrust, are in guides slidably mounted in the upper frame. The upper frame is pivotably mounted on the lower frame. It is an object of the present invention to provide in the lower frame lower cylinders which are smooth and have a separate lower mechanical drive. The upper frame houses the upper rollers, which are smooth and have a separate upper.mechanical drive. Each upper roller bears a spring-loaded double-edged scraper with a shaped reflector. The spring-loaded double-edged scraper with a shaped reflector that rests on the surface of the smooth upper rollers removes the clay and mud stuck to the upper rollers, reducing their abrasive action and reducing the possibility of wraps and rolls.

In order to improve the function, it is advantageous if there are guide and wiper blades in the spaces between the lower rollers, above the plane in which the axes of the lower rollers lie, which have a regular cross-section.

-31the trapezoid whose longer side is at the top.

By adjusting the height of the guide and wiper blades, the gap between adjacent lower rollers and blades can be defined by removing clay and mud from the lower rollers, preventing the dropping of flakes and clusters of fibers into waste, but allowing the shives to fall below the lower frame. The effects of the invention are manifested in reduced wear of the upper and lower cylinders, reduced downtime and increased yield.

Overview of the drawings

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for obtaining fibers from the stalks of plant materials in a front view, in partial section. X cross section of double-edged scraper with reflector.

Examples

The frame of the device, which is made up of metallurgical rolled profiles, consists of a fixed lower frame i (Fig. 1) and a pivoting upper frame 2. On the fixed lower frame X, at the top of its side walls, pins 10 are mounted. The lower frame X accommodates five lower rollers 3, which are smooth and have a lower mechanical drive 8. The lower mechanical drive 8 is a known chain drive. The upper frame 2 accommodates four upper rollers 4, which are smooth and their upper mechanical drive 9. The upper mechanical drive 9 is also a known chain drive. The lower rollers 3 are mounted in a fixed lower frame in bearings. The upper rollers 4 are mounted in a pivotable upper frame 2 in a known manner on rolling spherical roller bearings, in spring loaded guides with adjustable thrust. All cylinders 3,4 are made of steel rolled thick-walled tubes. In the gap between the two adjacent lower rollers 3 there are lower guide and wiper blades 5.

Each lower guide and wiper blade 5 has the shape of a regular trapezoid, the longer side of which is at the top.

It is made of steel strip, is reinforced by a longitudinal rib and is fixed adjustable on the lower frame χ. Its height is

-4-adjusts the adjusting nuts not shown in the drawings. The length of each lower guide and wiper blade 5 corresponds to the length of the rollers 3,4. The surface of each upper roller 4 bears a spring-loaded double-edged scraper 6 (FIG. Z) which is provided with a shaped reflector 7. The spring-loaded double-edged scraper 6 is formed of a steel angle profile and is mounted in the upper frame 2 on pins not shown in the drawing. k ny. The shaped reflector 7 is made of sheet steel and is welded to the outer part of the lower arm of the two-blade scraper 6. The two-blade scraper 6 is pushed by compression springs 11 to the surface of the upper cylinder 4.

The device works as follows. All lower rollers 3 are driven via the lower mechanical drive 8. All upper rollers 4 are driven through the upper mechanical drive 9, which is independent of the lower mechanical drive 8. On the inlet side of the device between the rotating first pair of rollers 3.4 a carpet-like layer of stem material enters. like flax. The stems entering the device are oriented so that the stems axes are parallel to the axes of the cylinders 3,4. After passing through the first pair of rollers 3, 4, in which the stems are subjected to the pressure of the rollers 3 along their entire length, and at the same time a pair of forces, the stems strike the first lower wiper blade. between the first upper roller 4 and the second lower roller 3. After passing between these and the other pairs of rollers 3,4, the upper two-blade scrapers 6 scrape the clay and mud from the upper rollers 4 and prevent the stalks and fibers from sticking to the upper rollers. movement of stems between other pairs of cooperating rollers. The cooperating rollers 3,4 in their contact surfaces exert pressure on the stems in a radial direction and a pair of forces which lie in planes parallel and perpendicular to the direction of pressure application. Radially, the stems are compressed along their entire length. By acting a pair of forces with the stalks along the entire length of me. The inner stem of the stem is crushed by crushing, the outer sheath of the stem is broken and the long fibers are loosened. By squeezing the stems and slipping off the peripheral speeds of the cooperating rollers, a portion of the flaxwood is separated from the fibers and passes through the gaps between the lower rollers 3 and the lower adjustable guide and scraper bars 5 into the space below the lower frame 1. At the same time, the lower wipers and guide strips 5 prevent the fiber flakes and clusters from falling into waste. If the working space becomes clogged, for example, when foreign matter enters between the rollers 3, 4, the machine stops, the front of the operator-side upper frame 2 is raised and the space between the rollers 3, 4 is cleaned.

Industrial applicability

The invention is applicable to plant stalk processing equipment to obtain fibers, for example, flax stalk processing.

Claims (2)

PATENT CLAIMS Ι. Apparatus for obtaining fibers from the stems of vegetable material, with the driven rollers mounted in the frame alternately opposite each other, where the lower roller bearings are supported in the lower frame and the upper roller bearings, having separately adjustable downforce, are in guides slidably supported in the upper frame which is pivotably mounted on the lower frame, characterized in that in the lower frame (1), the lower cylinders (3) are arranged, which are smooth, with their lower mechanical drive (8), in the upper frame (2) the upper cylinders ( 4), which are smooth, with their upper mechanical drive (9) and each upper cylinder is supported by a spring-loaded double-edged scraper (6) provided with a shaped reflector (7) of the bar (5), the longer side of which is Device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the spaces between the lower rollers (3), above the plane in which the axes of the lower rollers (3) lie, an adjustable lower guide and wiper cross-section of a regular trapezoid, located at the top.