WO1996006963A1

WO1996006963A1 - Device for separating fibers from the stems of plant materials

Info

Publication number: WO1996006963A1
Application number: PCT/CZ1995/000019
Authority: WO
Inventors: Rohumil DVOR^¿AK; Jan Drvota; Frantis^¿ek KACHYN^¿A
Original assignee: Cagtomoravsky Len, A.S.
Priority date: 1994-08-31
Filing date: 1995-08-29
Publication date: 1996-03-07
Also published as: CZ209994A3; CZ280798B6

Abstract

Smooth surface bottom cylinders (3) with their bottom driving mechanism (8) are secured to a bottom frame (1). An upper frame (2) is mounted for swinging motion on the bottom frame (1) to receive upper smooth surface cylinders (4). A spring urged double blade scraper (6) provided by a special shaped repulsion member (7) adhere to each upper cylinder (4). Bottom guiding and wiping bars (5) are disposed in the spaces between the bottom cylinders (3).

Description

Device for separating fibers from the stems of plant materials

Field of invention

The invention relates to a device for separating fibers from stems of plant materials with driven cylinders secured in staggered position to a frame.

Description of prior art

In the conventional devices for separating fibers from stems of plant materials, for example from flax, a carpet-like layer of stems passes through the space between the opposite disposed mutually engaging profiles. The profiles execute on one side of the stem layer a rotation motion and on the other side a linear motion.

The breaking device described in the Czech AO (Invention authorship certificate) No.159105 comprises cylinders and endless driving belt provided by such profiles. Other known device of the same art consists of an affiliated pair of breaking cylinders bearing the respective profiles. Certain devices have the cylinders provided by projections and corresponding recesses. The projections of one cylinder match with the corresponding recesses of the other cylinder. To permit the carpet layer to pass through the engaging cylinder surfaces a gap is maintained between the affiliated cylinders. When the carpet layer enters the device the stem axes forms an angel of 90° with the axes of the breaking cylinders. In passing through the breaking device the stems are forced to penetrate into the teeth spaces of the endless belt by the cylinder teeth.

In the devices equipped by pairs of cylinders the stems are forced by projections of one cylinder to enter into the recesses of the other cylinder. When passing the place between the cylinders the carpet-like stem layer follows a wave-like track. Along this wave track, the stems are forced to follow the teeth profile and teeth spaces or projections and recesses. At these points the stems are broken. The inner wooden part of the stems as well as the outside shell of the fibers are disintegrated at the breaking points and fall down into the space under the breaking device as a tow or are drawn off. The fibers are step by step disengaged from the wooden and shell portions.

The stems collected from the field carry often earth and mud particles. Such particles may easily stick on the cylinder surface to cause its abrasion and thus to accelerate the wear of the cylinders. The stuck material may give birth to other adversary effects. If the material continue to adhere to the cylinder the stems have the tendency to stick thereon. A stem stuck on the cylinder abandons its wave track, wraps the cylinder and makes a mess and clusters with other stems. Such failure leads often to clogging of the space between the cylinders. The defect can be removed only by stopping the device, lifting the upper cylinder and removing the wraps and mess-up clusters. This brings about undesired additional delay and the productivity goes down.

The cylinders provided by profiles and recesses may produce defects in long fibers during the breaking operation and cut down the fibers yield.

In the absence of a ventilation equipment the yield may be adversary affected also by loss on fibrous flakes and clusters falling under the bottom cylinders in the waste.

The devices provided by teeth and groves, projections and recesses cannot be equipped by scrapers which would adhere to their surface and prevent or at least restrict the stems from wrapping the cylinders. Summary of invention

The above mentioned disadvantages may be to substantial extent overcome by a device for separating fibers from the plant material especially from flax. Driven cylinders are secured to a frame in staggered position. The bearings of bottom cylinders are fixed to a bottom frame. The bearings of upper cylinders provided by independently adjustable pressure means are secured to guides mounted for sliding motion on the upper frame. The upper frame is mounted for swivel motion on the bottom frame.

A substantial feature of the invention is that the bottom cylinders with a smooth surface are secured to the bottom frame and are provided with independent bottom drive. The upper cylinders having a smooth surface are secured to the upper frame and are provided likely with an independent upper drive. a flexible double blade scraper provided with a repulsion member adhere to each upper cylinder. The double blade scraper provided with a repulsion member adhere to the surface of the smooth upper cylinders and remove earth and mud particles stuck on the upper cylinders surface what results in reduction of the abrasive effect of such particles as well as in reduction of the tendency to form wraps and clusters.

In order to improve the aforesaid effect it is advantageous when in the free space between the bottom cylinders above the plane defined by the axes of the bottom cylinders appropriate guides and wiping bars having the section of regular trapezoid with its longer side disposed upwards are installed.

The gap between the adjacent bottom cylinders and the bars may be regulated by adjusting the height of the wiping bars to the effect that the bars remove the earth and mud stuck on the bottom cylinders and prevent the fibrous flakes to fall down however on the other side permit the tow to fall down into the space underneath the bottom frame. The effects of the invention resides in reduction of wear of the upper and bottom cylinders as well as in cutting down the breakdown periods and also in increased fiber yield.

Brief description of the drawings

The invention is in more details explained with reference to the accompanied drawings wherein

Fig.l illustrates a device for separating fibers from stems of plant materials in elevation view partly in section;

Fig.2 shows a double blade scraper and repulsion member in section.

Description of embodiments of the invention

The frame of the device, made of rolled profiles consists of a solid bottom frame 1 (Fig.l) and a swinging upper frame 2. Pivots 10 are secured to the upper part of the side walls of the bottom frame 1. The upper frame 2 is mounted on pivots for swivel motion. Five bottom cylinders 3 with smooth surface and provided by driving mechanism 8 are secured to the bottom frame 1. The bottom driving mechanism 8 consists of a conventional chain drive. Four upper cylinders 4 with smooth surface and provided by an upper driving mechanism 9 are secured to the upper frame 1. The upper driving mechanism 9 is also a conventional chain drive. The bottom cylinders 3 are supported on bearings carried by the bottom frame 1. The upper cylinders 4 are supported in conventional manner on antifriction swivel bearings disposed in guides provided by adjustable pressure means and carried by the swinging upper frame 2. All the cylinders 3 and 4 are made of steel thick-wall rolled tubes. In the space between the two adjacent bottom cylinders 3 guiding and wiping scraping bars 5 are disposed. Each bottom guiding and wiping bar 5 has in cross-section a shape of regular trapezoid with the longer side situated on the top. The bar is made of a steel flange reinforced by a linear rib and adjustably coupled with the bottom frame 1. Its height may be accommodated by setting screws not shown in the drawings. The length of the guiding and wiping bar 5 is consistent with the length of cylinders 3,4.

A spring urged double blade scraper 6 (Fig.2) provided with a special shaped repulsion member 7 adhere to the surface of each upper cylinder 2. The spring urged double blade scraper 6 is made of formed steel profile and is supported by pivots fixed to the upper frame 2 the pivots not being shown in the drawing. The resilient member 7 is made of steel sheet and welded to the outer part of the lower arm of the double blade scraper 6. The double blade scraper 6 is urged towards the surface of the upper cylinder by compression springs 11.

The function of the device is as follows. All the bottom cylinders 3 are driven by the driving mechanism 8. The upper cylinders 4 are driven through the upper driving mechanism 9 which is independent of the bottom driving mechanism 8. The carpet-like stem layer, for example flax layer, enters the gap between the rotating first pair of cylinders. The stems entering the device are disposed so that the stem axes are parallel with the cylinder axes. After passing the first pair of cylinders 3,4 in which the stems are exposed along their entire length to the pressure of the cylinders 3, 4 and simultaneously to the effect of the force couple the stems hit the first wiping bar 5. By means of this bar the stems are disengaged from the first bottom cylinder 3 and directed to a further processing place between the first upper cylinder 4 and the second bottom cylinder 3. Having passed this pair of cylinders 3,4 and subsequent pairs of cylinders the upper double blade scrapers 6 scrape always the earth and mud away the surface of the upper cylinders 4 and prevent the stems to wrap the upper stems 4. The special shaped repulsion members 7 simultaneously direct the stems to move towards the subsequent pair of affiliated cooperating cylinders.

Through the affiliated cylinders 3,4 a radial pressure and a force couple acting in the parallel planes and disposed in the right angel to the direction in which the pressure is exerted are applied to the stems. Under the effect of the radial pressure the stems are pressed along their entire length. By action of the force couple the stems are simultaneously rubbed. The inner wood of the stem is crashed the outside shell of the stems is disintegrated and the long fibers released. By pressing the stems and due to the different circumferential velocity of the affiliated cooperating cylinders the wooden part is step by step separated from the fibers and falls as a tow through the space between the bottom cylinders 3 and the bottom adjustable guiding and wiping bars 5 into the room underneath the bottom frame 1. The bottom wiping and guiding bars 5 simultaneously prevent the fibrous flakes and clusters to fall into the waste. If the working place is clogged for example on penetration of an extraneous body in the gap between the cylinders 3,4 the device is stopped the front part of the upper frame 2 on the side of the operator is lifted and the space between the cylinders 3,4 may be cleaned.

Industrial applicability

The invention may be used with the devices which are designed for processing of stems of plant materials in order to separate the fibers for example from flax. List of reference characters

bottom frame upper frame bottom cylinder upper cylinder bottom guiding and wiping bar resilient double blade scraper special shaped repulsion member bottom driving mechanism upper driving mechanism pivot compression spring

Claims

Device for separation of fibers from stems of a plant material comprising driven cylinders secured to a frame in staggered position wherein bearings of bottom cylinders are mounted on the bottom frame and the bearings of upper cylinders provided by independent pressure means are supported by guides mounted for sliding motion on the upper frame which is mounted for swinging motion on the bottom frame characterized in that smooth surface bottom cylinders /3/ with driving mechanism are secured to the bottom frame /l/, upper smooth surface cylinders /4/ with upper driving mechanism /9/ are secured to the upper frame /2/ and a spring urged double blade scraper /6/ having a repulsion member is provided to adhere to each upper cylinder /4/.

The device according o claim 1 characterized in that adjustable bottom guiding and wiping bars /5/ having a section of a regular trapezoid with the longer side on the top are disposed between the bottom cylinders /3/ above the plane defined by the axes of the bottom cylinders /3/.