CS249884B1 - Liquid or pasty multi-component fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The solution relates to a liquid or pasty multi-component fertilizer suitable primarily for preventive and curative fertilizing of corn by foliar application. The fertilizer contains, in addition to basic and/or secondary plant nutrients, also micronutrients, namely primarily zinc and manganese and optionally copper and/or boron. The fertilizer contains 0.05 to 2.2 parts by weight of manganese for each part by weight of zinc. In 100 parts by weight of the liquid or pasty multi-component fertilizer, there are 0.1 to 5.7 parts by weight of zinc. The multi-component fertilizer optionally also contains other biologically active substances and optionally also contains surface-active substances and adhesives.

Description

249884

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a liquid or pasty multicomponent fertilizer, particularly suitable for the prophylactic and curative fertilization of maize.

Maize (Zea mays Lj is grown in manganese silage and grain, but in some areas (especially potato), the entire above-ground part is also used for direct crushing in the green state or in the form of doughs or shaped feeds. A substantial portion of the corn grain is used to feed (more than 70% of the global production), and about 20% (semolina, corn flour, corn-flakes) and about 5% of the world’s total are consumed for direct consumption. Grain production is used for industrial processing (alcohol, corn starch, beer).

In the nutrition of humans, oil-derived maize germ is also of great importance and contains more than 50% linoleic acid and is therefore very important from a physiological point of view. Corn liquor is used to make antibiotics (penicillin). Especially in recent years, the industrial processing of by-products (maize straw, maize spindles), which are either chemically processed (isolation of carbohydrates, especially foam and hydrolytic cleavage of polysaccharides), is increasingly developing, or directly used in the manufacture of various furniture manufacturing intermediates and various building insulation panels.

Maize has a different character compared to other oily crops - it does not form stems and also has the properties of root crops from the point of view of agrotechnics. Corn has the ability to produce a large amount of dry matter per unit area (up to 2.2.104 kg / 104 m2). This is one of the main causes of justified further expansion of corn cultivation areas. Therefore, to his healthy rastukukurica, he needs a considerable amount of basic, secondary and trace life.

The literature suggests that 25 to 30 kg of N, 4.5 to 7.0 kgP, 23 to 29 kg K, 4.5 to 7.5 kg Ca and 3, are required to produce 1 tonne of grain of the appropriate amount of maize in the average. 5 to 6 kg Mg.

Lack of nutrients or lack of water markedly reduces corn grain yields.

In our growing conditions, maize grows particularly intensely from the second half of the spring when it reaches a height of about 40 cm, while the maximum biomass is produced during July and August. In this period, intake of plant nutrients and water is also most intense.

Of secondary plant nutrients, chicken has high high demands, especially magnesium, sulfur and calcium. The lack of magnesium manifests itself mostly on the 1 lighter acid descents, which are not sufficiently fertilized with organic fertilizers.

In particular, the lack of magnesium is manifested on old maize leaves, the so-called marbling of the veins, which usually remains green. Leaves are pale green, reddish to foliage, yellowing starts from leafy peaks, necrosis occurs with subsequent death.

Sulfur deficiency is similar to corn deficiency as nitrogen deficiency. Plants light and fragile. The leaves are lived, yellow-green to brown.

In the absence of calcium, the growth peak and often young shoots die and chlorosis may also appear. Over the past forty years, the product range has changed significantly and the benefits of basic plant nutrients have increased more and more times. By gradually introducing the production of increasingly concentrated industrial fertilizers, natural sources of secondary and, in particular, trace plant foods, which have often been a natural part of diluted industrial fertilizers, have become natural. At the same time, crop yields have increased significantly and the 'outflow' of these, usually uncontrolled, biogenic elements has also increased significantly. Even in the consequent changes, disorders in plant health have become more and more frequent, due to the deficiency of so-called plant nutrients.

It is known that in the case of zinc deficiency, the growth of maize is stopped. The internodes are truncated, chlorosis and non-skeleton to necrosis spread on the leaves. The leaves are light yellow, rarely purple to bronze. The lack of manganese also results in a slowdown in growth. Gray to brown-gray spots appear between the veins in the middle-aged leaves. It is often also the case of "breaking" the leaves in their upper third.

In boron deficiency, the growth peak, leaf tips, and shoots die. Leaves yellow-green and untimely dying. The corn is only very weak, the ears are poorly developed, the grain size is uneven and also the sterility appears. Lack of media results in young corn leaves being yellowish, sapping, shortening and bending. Both the leaf and whole plants die. Corn growth slowed, ears small and grain usually undeveloped. Nowadays, several industrial fertilizers are produced in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic and abroad, intended for non-root-foliar application. Typically, the three-loci have a universal character, and therefore only partially and in no way optimally fulfill the specific requirements of the goblet for this crop of biogenic elements. The produced foil fertilizers usually contain all the basic and some secondary plant nutrients in a relatively high concentration, but do not provide the required supply of additional for the healthy development of the necessary nutrients. The presence of micronutrients in them is often inconvenient in the presence of biogenic elements, and their concentration is usually up to several times lower than needed.

Today, most of the large-scale cultivated agricultural cultures are known to have optimal concentrations of individual plant nutrients as well as their so-called "volatile" values, i.e. the lowest and highest concentrations of biogenic elements at which plants die.

The data presented, as well as the results of long-term monitoring of the loss of plant nutrients by maize interest, make it possible to ensure that the optimum composition of both basic and secondary astopic biogenic elements to this area is significantly improved by increasing the yield of the corn. nutritional value. It is known from the literature and agrochemical - agronomic practice that the more significant the signs of inadequacy of any biogenic element appear, the more important and to a greater extent the harvest, its nutritional and technological value is reduced.

As can be seen from the description of nutrient-deficiency symptoms in maize, several of them can be determined by visual diagnosis at a later stage of plant development, whereby the type of deficiency element and the extent of its deficiency can be clarified and confirmed based on the results of plant analysis. In this period, however, even the operative application of a deficient element is often not enough to compensate the subsequent curative plants for plants grown without the need for a biogenic element necessary for the plant's health.

In addition, the success of curative fertilization is known to depend on the whole range of factors, such as: - solubility of fertilizer used, - depth of incorporation into soil, - moisture content in soil, - climatic conditions, and the like.

It is also known that, especially in the case of secondary and trace plant nutrients, their micro-root application is generally more effective and, in view of the amount of biogenic element applied, even more effective than application to the soil. In order to achieve optimum yields as well as to ensure and stabilize the quality of the maize cultivated, it is advantageous to prevent the occurrence of deficiencies by optimizing its nutrition by the preventive application of at least the most important secondary and trace plant nutrients in quantities providing at least their "low" to "medium" content from the point of view of plant nutrition by these homogeneous elements. 0

Such preventive - flat-rate application of maize (without the necessity of detecting the content of secondary and trace biogenic elements in the soil and plant) is particularly useful in the form of non-root foliar application, which can be realized in a suitable connection with the appli- cation in order to minimize operating costs. for the protection of plant protection products or in connection with irrigation of maize crops.

It has now been found that it is preferable to use liquid or multi-component multi-component fertilizers according to the invention for the preventive and cohesive fertilization of maize stands, especially in the form of non-root foliar application.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention is based on the principle that the multi-component fertilizers according to the invention comprise micronutrients in the case of basic and / or secondary plant nutrients, and in particular zinc and manganese and optionally boron and / or honey, wherein each part of the zinc fertilizer contains 5.10-2 to 2. 2 parts by weight of manganese, with 100 parts by weight of multi-component fertilizer being 0.1 to 5.7 parts by weight of zinc.

It is also advantageous if the fertilizer as a secondary plant nutrient contains in particular magnesium sulfur in the plants a good tolerable form.

It has also been found that it is generally preferred that the liquid or pasty multicomponent fertilizer according to the invention preferably comprises each part by weight of zinc 8.10 to 2 to 0.6 parts by weight of manganese, wherein in 100 parts by weight of the multicomponent, in the case of preservation of the solution The nature of the product is 0.8 to 2.1 parts by weight of zinc.

Advantageously, the multi-component fertilizer according to the invention comprises micronutrients - a zinc-rich zinc, manganese, honey and boron bound by a chelate and / or complex bond, and optionally also contains some of the substances having growth properties in addition to the biogenic elements. regulators, surfactants that improve the surface finish of plant leaves, substances that are beneficially effective, or also some of the vitamins (mainly group B, especially Bi and B6, vitamin C, vitamin H, so-called biotin and the like).

The following examples illustrate, but do not limit the invention in any way. Example 1 K 42.41 wt. % N-Mg-S solution prepared by dissolving 37.54 wt. of urea and 44.25 parts by weight of crystalline MgSO 4 .7H 2 O in 18.2 µm. % water, which contained 17.5 wt.% amide nitrogen, 7.23 wt. % MgO and 5.76 wt. % sulfur (specific weight

249384 of the so-called basic N-Mg-S solution at 20 ° C was 1371.5 kg. m-3 and its acidity were diluted to pH 5.2 in the diluted state: 8.33 wt. of an aqueous solution of a manganese chelate of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Mn-EDTA) containing 2.4 wt. ° / o Mn; 45.0 wt. part of an aqueous solution of zinc acetate chelate ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Zn-EDTA) containing 4.0 wt% Zn; and 4.26 wt. part of an aqueous solution of an aqueous ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid chelate (Cu-EDTA) containing 4.7 wt% Cu.

By the homogenization of the above ingredients, 100 wt. parts of a liquid-type solution-type fertilizer (bleido blue) for preventive-prophylactic fertilization of the corn plant by foliar application (after dilution with water at a ratio of 1: 50 to 150). A fertilizer concentrate prepared in this way contained: 8.37 wt. % total nitrogen, 3.07 wt. % MgO, 3.54 wt. % sulfur, 1.80 wt. % zinc, 0.2 wt. % manganese and 0.2 wt. % media.

Liquid fertilizer in concentrated low to low acid chemical reaction (pH 6.2). Example 2 In 1983, a small-scale small plot of experimentation was established on the experimental grounds of the Corn Research Institute of Trnava, in the locality of Farský mlýn, Hunt No 10, the purpose of which was to compare the agronomic efficiency of the developmental liquid foliar fertilizer with the special purpose of the invention ("Fytovit-maize") foliar fertilizer of Hungarian production, marked as "BHF 41". The pod type was degraded by loess dust, aluminum character with the following results of the under-analysis: clay particles 41.5% ipH in KCl (150-250 m) 6.0 pH V KC1 (400-500 mm) 6.4 humus (150 to 250 mm) 2.76% humus (400 to 500 mm) 1.71 N-hydrolyzable 72.8 mg 1000 g "1 N-NO3 8.0 mg 1,000 g_1 P 24 1000 g 1 K 115.0 mg 1000 mg 1 mg 225 mg 1 000 g 1 mg CaCO 3 0 mg 1000 mg -1 0.7 mg 1000 g -1 10.0 mg 1 000 g_1 Mo 0.064 mg 1000 g 'Mn 303.0 mg 1000 g' 1 Zn 8.3 mg 1000 g_1 T 16.0 w / w 100 g '1 S 13.5 w / w 100 g "1 In 84.4% In this trial, maize shybridoma CE 330 was used. The experiment was based on 29 April 1983. The authors were working with:

Variant No Fertilization (Treatment) 1 Untreated Control 2 "Fytovit-Corn" at the Beginning of a 3 "BHF 41" at the Beginning of 4 "BHF 41" at the Beginning of a Mesh (Double Dose)

Fertilizers were applied by spraying while the spray was applied on July 7, 1983.

The weather pattern shown in the form of a Walter diagram is shown in the enclosed diagram (Fig. 1). Each variant represented 4 parcels of 49 m2.

The evaluation of the experiment yielded the following results: 248884 f) 10

No. No. Fertilization (Treatment j Harvest (t / 104 m 2) Order 1 000-Grain Weight (g) Order 1 Control 5,85 4 287,05 4 2 "Fytovit-Corn" 6,28 1 306,00 1 3 "BHF 41" 5.94 3 291.77 3 4 "BHF 41" (double dose) 6.03 2 296.63 2

The Walter climate display (Fig. 1) shows the course of temperature, as well as rain, resip. snowfall in a similar way to the experimental conditions. Interrupted - dashed time dependence shows the temperature course.

The rainfall is marked on the klimadiagraime by a full - continuous line. The hatched area of the diagram represents "wet" and clean - the unhatched flat corresponds to the "dry" period. Example 3

In order to prepare the liquid complex foliar fertilizer of the present invention for large-scale agronomic testing, 45.94 wt. A base N-Mg-S solution of the 13.8-0-0-5.7 MgO-4.5 S type prepared for the ternary system base: MgSO 4 -CO (NH 2) 2 -water; 7.80 wt. % Syntron C, i.e. aqueous, about 30% sodium salt of DTPA; 1.41 wt. % ammonia water containing 25% NH 3; 0.58 wt. % ground CuSCk. 5H2O and after 15 min homogenization, 38.78 wt. % aqueous zinc lignosulfonate prepared by Gs. AO 211 287 containing 3.05 wt. % complexed zinc; 5.37 wt. % of an aqueous solution of manganese lignosulfonate prepared by Os. AO 211287, which contained 2.75 wt. % complex bound manganese and 0.12 wt. 0.5% by weight solution of β-irradolyacetic acid growth stimulator.

This method yielded a product containing: 6.83 wt. % total nitrogen, 2.62 wt. % MgO, 2.14 wt. % S, 1.18 wt. % complexed Zn, 0.16 wt. % of complex bound Mn, and 0.15 wt. ° / about a complex bound medium.

Furthermore, the complex foliar fertilizers contained an effective growth stimulator - hetoroauxine, as well as an adhesive and a surface-active agent of native origin (lignosulfonates).

The preparation had a weakly acidic chemical reaction (pH - undiluted product: 6.8), its specific gravity at a temperature of 1,260 kg. m ~ 3 and contained 0.13 parts by weight of Mn per 1 part by weight. Example 4 In 333 g of an aqueous solution of lignosulfonate magnesium containing 3.1 wt. % Mgs and successively mixed: 54.5 g of zinc powdered zolignosulfonate containing 5.5 wt. % Zn, 3.4 g of copper lignosulphonate powder containing 5.8 wt.% Cu and 5.0 wt. % manganese lignosulfonate containing 6 wt. % Mn. Each 100 parts by weight of the viscous colloid solution thus obtained was further added and 42.86 microns dispersed with effective stirring. parts of finely milled urea.

In this way, a multi-component paste-based fertilizer suitable for dilution with water was prepared by pre-preventive and curative fertilization of the corn in the non-root application, which contained undiluted: 13.9 wt. % amidic nitrogen, 1.83 wt. % complex bound magnesium, 0.53 wt. % zinc bound, 0.035 wt. % complexed media, 0.053 wt. % of complex bound manganese, as well as highly effective adhesives and native-active surfactants. The ready-to-use paste-fertilizer concentrate for the preparation of application solutions contained 1 part by weight of complex bound manganese per 1 part by weight of zinc complex bound. Example 5 100 parts by weight of zinc lignosulfonate aqueous solution prepared by sposo AO 211 287 containing 3.05 wt.% Zn was homogenized with 55 wt.

Claims (3)

12 24S 11 which contained 2.75 wt. % complex bound manganese. In a mixed solution of lignosulfonates, 65 parts by weight of finely ground magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 .7H 2 O) containing 9.8% of Mga were dispersed efficiently and 25 g of dried brewer's yeast stabilized by addition of sorbic acid was added. The brewer's yeast in the prepared pasty complex-foliar fertilizer was the source of the vitainins of the B-group. The pasty-complex paste prepared in this way was suitable for prophylactic and curative application of corn. % MgO, 1.24 wt. % Zn, 0.62 wt. % Mn, highly effective adhesive and surfactant. The concentrate to be used for the delivery solutions is also the source of the Group B vitamin complex. What is claimed is: 1. A liquid or pasty multi-component fertilizer suitable in particular for preventive and curative supplementation of maize-form an extra-root application comprising, in addition to the basic and / or secondary plant nutrients, micronutrients, characterized in that it contains from 0.05 to 1.0% by weight of zinc. From about 2.2 parts by weight of manganese, wherein from about 0.1 to about 5.7 parts by weight of zinc are present in the 100 parts by weight of the component yarn. 2. A liquid, or multi-component, multi-component fertilizer of step 1, characterized in that it also contains other biologically active substances such as growth regulators h vitamins. 3. Liquid or pasty multi-component fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises surfactants and admixtures.