CS240162B1 - Mixture for soil mulching - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a mixture for mulching soils by spraying, this mixture being particularly aimed at gardens and fruit growing. It is composed of a range of components, the main component being a chemical woodpulp material containing at least 60% cellulose, in an optimum variant from dehydrated sludge derived from the chemical purification of woodpulp/paper industry waste liquors, which is suspended in water at a concentration of 10 per cent by weight. The second component, which reduces the light transmission of the resulting layer, is a granular pigment which is insoluble in water and which is expediently as dark as possible, especially black, is, for example, carbon black, and the third component is a binder such as organic polymers, for example a polyvinyl acetate solution, but also a solution of sodium silicate. In spring, the mixture is applied by means of a spraying device equipped with a particular nozzle in such an amount that a compact layer of a thickness of 2 to 8 mm is formed after the excess water has seeped away. The mulch is then ploughed in in autumn, unless it is to be used in the following year.

Description

The invention relates to a mixture for mulching of soil by spraying, in particular in orchards and vineyards, as well as in vegetable production, for example in greenhouses and in other plant-growing sectors.

The intensification of crop production by mulching - otherwise shedding - has been known for quite some time. The positive effect of the mulch consists mainly in two effects: firstly, by reducing evaporation from the surface of the soil, the water retention in the soil is substantially improved, so that it effectively replaces irrigation and / or root crops. Second, the rfist plevelfi is substantially reduced, especially the emergence of their seeds. Another favorable effect of the mulch is an increase in soil temperature. Conventional mulch materials, such as mowed grass, straw or weeds, are practically unavailable for these purposes today, and mulching must be done by hand, since there is no mechanization for such an operation. In the last two decades these classical materials have been replaced by thin, usually black foil. There is also book literature about this mulching method. However, foil loading and especially subsequent removal after the end of the growing season is so labor-intensive that it is successfully practiced only in the greenery of the most demanding crops such as peppers, cucumbers and melons, strawberries etc. _in and in greenhouses. applying mulch cover by spraying or pouring, as this is an operation for which agricultural plants are equipped with efficient technology. Hand held sprinklers are usually also available to individually managed gardeners. In practice, mulching by spraying has not yet been applied, since there is no known suitable and, in particular, inexpensive means to meet the demanding complex requirements for mulching material. Experiments with compositions based on asphalt were unsuccessful because the mulch layer was impermeable so that it did not allow breathing through the bottom microorganisms and plant roots and was also poorly permeable to rainwater.

240 182

The disadvantages of the prior art are largely eliminated by the mulching mixture of the soil by spraying, in particular in orchards and vineyards, containing components which are beneficial to, or indifferent to, crop plants and soil microorganisms, consisting essentially of cellulosic material in the rim. with a content of at least 60% cellulose suspended in water with a final dry matter of 2 to 25, preferably 10%. The cellulosic material is a substance selected from the group consisting of dewatered waste sludge from mechanical or chemical treatment of waste water from the pulp and paper industry, or paper pulp, for example, beech pile or pulped waste paper, for example newspaper or mixtures thereof. A portion of the cellulosic material (up to 30 parts by weight of dry matter) may be replaced by lignocellulosic materials, in particular crushed kraft, sawdust or wood flour.

The composition may contain, in addition to the cellulosic material, a water-insoluble granular dye having an absorbance of at least ¹⁶ extinction units (g / cm &^lt; ² > ⁾ having a grain size of not more than 0.2 mm. The colorant consists of a substance selected from the group consisting of carbon black, coal sludge, resp. powder, activated carbon or abrasion from tires of a grain size of less than 0,2 mm. This component may also consist of a mixture of said dyes.

The blend may also contain a binder which is a high molecular weight polymer with hydroxyl, carboxyl or ester oxygen functionalities and whose final concentration is within the range of 0 to 5%. It may be a carboxymethylcellulose soluble, especially high molecular weight, thickened sulphite liquor, stabilized polyvinyl acetate emulsion; . a latex primer, a polyvinyl alcohol solution, a starch-based sizing agent, a polyamide amine-epoxide solution, or an aqueous solution of an alkali sodium or potassium silicate known under the trade name water glass.

By using the composition according to the invention, the same or higher yields of the crops are obtained at lower costs. By reducing water evaporation, soil moisture is often saved, which is often a limiting yield factor. It is possible to reduce or eliminate irrigation costs, which are always a considerable item. Weed rSst is greatly reduced, so that savings are achieved by reducing hoeing and / or herbicide application. Reducing the amount of herbicides applied or eliminating them completely has another

- 3 - 240 1В2 has a positive effect, since it reduces the burden on products with their residuals, which is environmentally beneficial. In addition, the lining of the soil surface significantly reduces water and wind erosion, thus having a beneficial effect on soil protection. By plowing the litter in autumn, it enriches the soil with organic matter and encourages the formation of additional humus.

The method of use of the composition according to the invention is based on the operations known in agrotechnology. The terrain in the rows in the vineyard or orchard needs to be leveled and smoothed in the spring, for example with a cultivator, harrow, hoe and rake by hand. In stationary or mobile, resp. A mulch mixture is prepared with a portable mixer. The compositions according to the invention are applied to the soil to be treated with known spraying devices so that a continuous layer of 1 to 8 mm thickness is formed after the infiltration of the excess water. Nozzles, respectively. the sprayer nozzle must be adjusted, resp. so as not to obstruct the slurry of the composition of the invention. Not even spraying into very fine particles, respectively. kapénekj is not desirable. If a sufficiently thick and compact layer is not formed by the first spraying, the spraying must be repeated a second time, if necessary. more times. In autumn, after the end of the growing season, the bedding is plowed, resp. zaryje. In crops such as vineyards, the bedding can be left for several years.

In a very similar manner, the treatment of fruit trees is carried out when individual cut bowls are formed around the stem.

The composition of the mixture and the effects achieved are evident from the following examples.

Example 1

The mixture containing 8% pulp (beechwood) and 0.5% activated charcoal as a dye was applied to the soil surface in two 0.10 cm pots so that after drying a layer of approximately 1 to 5 µm was formed, the other two pots served as control. In each pot, 6 chilli peppers (Ca.sub.2 ^ cum_frutescens) were grown under room conditions at a temperature varying between 15 ° and 26 ° C and a relative humidity of about 50%.

At constant watering, it was found that due to the considerably slower drying time, the vegetation time of the test plants, including flowering and fruit development, was extended by at least 1 month. While the test pots were completely free of weeds, in controls 240 182

4 of them were grown after 5-6 plants of grass / Winter ryegrass, Lo ^ ium

Example 2 '

Using a laboratory stirrer with propeller stirrer ^EXAMPLE ave ^{no pr} 300 m ^l of the mixture. ^Wh e ^{k and K} te the onečn ^tr ation ce.lulo ^of Yb ^y la ⁷ 0% as a · b ^yl and consists ^of ENA ^Even with a mixture of 1 ^/ mo ^{t h} n ^{e t} nose melted ABS. sushi ^{ny / P} from about adního cellulosic ^{h 'k} and ^l u ^b forge ^h r ⁱ s NY ^{No further} 0, S soot g / i. 0.1% / and 6 ml of an emulsion of polyvinyl acetate · / 2% of mass./ JEM ^b /. ^Time T sus ^p Ense ^would la otátáa BNC ^h imbalance as ^of n and ^{l evce, ul} tra ^{N NU} ko ^l Áč air dried ^at latioratarní ^t ep ^l of ^I and used ^for tests mechanical ^{Ké p} evnosti and ^DDITIONAL of ^the Ous ^to Am ^{PART would} la ^pSdy applied to the surface of the ^{EIT to ACK} N uo ^pl axis S4 cm? / ^P RSm ^of 6.6 cm r / _t ^{for the} am lo T ^e with ^{some instance} before the step ^y in Seto °, ^g seed ^ILK uo J m ^{s zi} him / ^ liiun-perenneA Zatámco in ^the ontrolním ^to the ^EIT n u ^{b ack} ez him ^subcontours ev ^y ROS ^thickness of ^{the sixth} 27 grass ros ^t l ^{i n k} oselený ^Et in ^AC E ^{to the L} chain and no weeds.

P ^{RIK with} ice

Same ^e as in ^ex. 2 ^would lo ^p Raven ^Pr I S M ^L °° mixtures ^of a, ^b of the same exceeding amount of waste cellulose pulp, beech hrčovin ^y and soot nly ^p I ^p of ^the drawbar ^d lo lo ^{would add} Yes ^{1 5 y gk} arbox Me ^those lcelulozy / ^t Ref., 0.5% rámotnost / ob JEM /. ^BC tes ^t i u j and ^k s ^p ředch I.I. ^{á í í} c and ^d m ^{of ex} uv ^{k Et} in U.S. rnul ^{No ACK} em ^{y l} o ^p rost trued ^ck 50 with the control plants.

^Example 4

0 ^bd ot> n ^of j and ^k s ^BC e ^d CH ^and zejítám ^{of ex} and ^d ub ^y lo ^BC and ^p Raven S00 ^{ml AK} la ^d n ^e mixture ^of a ^to e ^which lo ^adds no ^1, 5 ^g / i . 0.5% w ° ^{b is} m ^{/ d} of dryness and a ^{DP of} about ^eh en ^sulphite ovéh.o above-hu. Asks ^the carburised te ^s only penetrated through the mulch # 10 plants compared to control. ^example a ^d 5

S ^t from ^p attributed SSO em ^b o j and ^{k of ex} range of 4 ^{would Pr} I lo ^p Raven with ⁰⁰ ml ^of a SRN ^ib ez pojtála. The assay for ^{b-healing of} the RSSI ^{p le} «S ^p rorostlo him ^subcontours em ^30% of the plants in ^the dressing ^{and SK p} ont ^r ol ° ^{u. Example} 6

Trituration laboratory mixer paddle ^would ptápraveno 3 °° ^ m ^l SMNS about one ^{to s N} N 7.85% dry weight basis ^E, containing ^{only the} ^ i pa n ^{e d} pulp and a carbon black ^of Al / ^0, S g, i. ^0, 1% / ^m followed by ⁶ L ^con centration solution of ^{p ly o} vin ^y la shave / 2 ° b% ^diarrhea / m ° ^is b /. ^The aunt ^{and the} gates of RSSI ^pl evelS Roros ^{t p} lo ^ro mulch S% stli ⁿ in comparison with the control.

Example 7 240 162

Similarly epfisobem as in the preceding example were prepared 300 и ¹ mixture. ^D by ^k are exercised j and ^k o ^p drawbar ^IDL of ^the op ^RID Erasing ^{about 3 ml} to ^about n ^ce ntrov ^and tenderness solution There are three different ^ carbonate with ^d n ^eh on ^/ in ^d n ^¹H axis ^KL and 1% v / v /. In the test, no ^{p ly} rorost he ^ EM ^Copper r ^o s ^tline. Example 8

^And Ick lo ^{g y} j ^{and u,} as in ^Example 6 ^was the ^Co 3 Raven ⁰⁰ m3. mixtures.

with cellulosic material and soot., ^for I am about ^{to be} a poj ^IDL op ^RID yes

7 »5 g / t. 2.5% w / v polyamine amine epoxide dissolved in 30 ml water. The mixture ^was processed and ^forward e as in Example ^IKL ADU

2. ^y su ^with EN ^{and the} layers e ^ .0 with 4-6 mm Mete otcLotrné mechanical ^l as in ^the nose ^t j and ^k s e ^{d Pla ŠL} ACTIVE pmax Wact.

P ^Rikli and ^d 9

Zp ^{p Ss} both together by Sanyo pHki .. ^{2 was} the ^Co 3 Raven ⁰⁰ m ^{is 1} δη ^^ ^ST VaJ ^s c ^s a u ce ^{l l h} oo °-shot ^dp and ^{dn ¹H sludge} CS Finite ^E are ^Shih no ^20.2% /hmot./obj./ ^par es ^Ate him to ^{b p} Russians neuma ^tic in solubilizing amount ^{t d} of 9 ^{g / t} of a 3% w / v. / ^g and 0,6- c ^{went ht ¹H} ova of ^{p at} pH rav ^k u ^Ba of ⁱ ^ ro bu / a is 0.2% hmot./obj./. After draining and drying nm thick layer showed similar properties as rneciianickcá disks from ^Example e ^d CH ^and I.I. ^{and CIC;} príktedfl ^h.

^Kl and at ^{10 d}

For assistance ^il o ^p atkové ^h a spade ^hl ob ^EZ No ^h of ^the Michal o ^p PreIns in ^three all ^{give Ka} C ^H 3 ^{0 1} mixture ^of a ^p o ^dL e vynátezu about us ^l e ^d uj ^{I C;} MS ^l o ^f en ^{I: 2 kg} of a ^{d o} n ^e n ^eh of waste ce ^{l l} u ° taken into ^p and ^p írenského sludge hnědouhel ^{20 g} of rac-he ^{p H} 15 ⁰ u ¹ и emutee ^p o ^ly vin ^yl ace ^melt (trade name Duvilax) /, up to 10 1 tap water. Said quantity of suspension ^was about to ^lit on at Uhra ^b n ^s m ^{s y} o ^p r ^s m ^e r 4 ^{0 and} 5 ° cm about 9 apple and pear ^Pr I ^No. em ^of 9 steomkS ^was a ^p Oneco ^h yes I ^to control the ^R & ^d and e ^for I ^h odníkS / 6 rostten /. After-EBA of ^{OP juices} U ^s and removing ptevete ^been and some steomků oíistraněna ú ^{pl some} for them ^kt erých just ^ STET ^ No ^b ot smaller ^{width LeVeLs t} in ^{s to p} left in ^y ROS ^thickness of fissures mulch where the layer was not applied perfectly. Between the yield on ^{e class} from treated and konteoteteh steomS not ^been extended by lu ^says.

Example 11

In ver ^ticked n ^e m a mixing device, the ^P and ^TR en ^é m ^ matetežným stirrer, b ^yl about two Evkách ^p s ^p Raven ^{8200 1} mixture ^ip of ^dl e ^{invention PRICE} em ^{Z was a PR} and ^P Raven slurrying 15 ⁰⁰ evaporation ^kg ^ í dewatered cellulosic paper sludge, 32 kg of wet carbon black and 100 ^{g of} the ski voďráho ^ in ^ teavku. 66CO liter of water. Tate ^of SM with ^final n ^e are the ⁱⁿ 11.3% ^of the mass ^was applied and autecisternou _ _ ₆ 240 182 pulled by a tractor with a modified applicator 4 rows of vines ^»R ° charge of S ^rows and CRN ^ 3» 5 m Air naspané and ^the surface 50 cm ^L p Ochs nas ^{tylko 0,} L ha ^o ce s ^and sown ^of en ^{and p} Locha 0.35 ha. RSat plevelS to ^the investigation ^of enýc ^{order h h} c c ^d b ^y l completely OTL ^{p p e} n ^»n so EB ^{yl class of} EBA and ^Plik ovata ^h er ^{Bi oxides.} Yield of oselených ^of ádkS b ^y lo 10% ^y AC ^and not ^{of p} rSmerný proceeds from the CE ^treatment vineyards.

Said ^{of ex} and ^dy are nly ^p lus ^t rat ^{i and} MV ^s and ^Yc nev er ^p ávají all t ^{h i} n an ^y var ^those Option ^T i ^or mixture rav ^y! .. Numerous. ^d and ^{p LSI} river tur ^y are straight ^{from the} VYZ oušen ^Y ana ^l o ^{g ic} YMI of results obtained ^{thanks to} which there are not presented.

A mixture of ^{dl P} ev ^{Y is N,} m climb alone ^and forehead ^r and ^d u oneness. In ^{a Y} shape to Sd ^{p of} Context ^and Sly protective controlled ^{to p,} from Nu ^{ol p} rot ^and mechanical ^Ké he ^p demaged having persistence throughout the growing season, i. 6 to 7 m ^^ S. On cul ^t ur ^y nep8so ^{running in FYT} otoxi.c ^{alkyl. EZ} is equal netoxi.c ^{ka p} ro a ^{b h} Ujica service person ^AL in ^certain var ant ^{and E} is H ^yg ienic ^alkyl chain and ^l nezeivadnát. V ^k and ^here MP ^of IPA ^ga is H ^YGI en ⁱ c ^{ky b} ez ^{u c c} e n ^of a more not ^of the states ^to OV ^and fertilizers, and ^k and ^here MP ^Rip and ^DE is from ^L e ^{PS co p} ROVISIONAL ^p ODM ^greater than ^{the Workers', the} one ^{of manufacture would} otherwise have hives mani ^p sv ^y Slo ^of toxic ^to YMI c ^h er ^{bi Ids. J} and ^k j ^{Iz would} lo mentioned, the ^t m plow ^{and through the} latter to ^p 8DA of ^b ohacuje o ^p omal is extended ^to L both ^AD and ^I C ^and the authorities ^ ^k ou mass ^ wherein ^A forms ^a pre ^D nu component ^YC in livestock fertilizers. Created layer ^and scrim ^puter has ^no áostate either ^p ro ^p ro ^p oral deposition oxygen and ^{Z p} ev 8 ^ga retains sweat ^of e ^{b b} iological Nou if ^ I-VI-tu. It helps. VSA ^co Van ^a precipitate ^from the metal ^used as ^{dy s, t} & ^KŽ e '• prevents the formation ^of i and Lou oáplavování soil erosion. Oisetřený PSIS and ^L chain is protected by a ^P ro ^{t Ti ters} erosion. Says to ^alkyl BC ^sorting and ^{b to} u ARV ^and VA is decreased ^from I ^p ro ^p US nose ^{t t} for ^world TLO, a key ^KL for ^dp by the Office for preventing R8S plevelS ^t u. ^MES is ^l acini, available in large quantities and is applicable ^to normal after ^three via flash t ^e chnikou. Additionally, variations in one ^e river Tur ^{p y} fo ^{t zu} kovává yet ^b ezcenný of paellas ^d. The mixture ^E is ly ^from a n ^{e d} o ^p lnit yet ^on herbicides, pesticides or fungicides that may be tedy.aplikovat with ^the SN ^{of Uc} · Dái.e is possible to book-network. BC ^{was added to the} vat and ^p and ^L n ^{s y} s prSm ^lo weighing fertilizers.

The complex effect may not be assured by itself. the base ^of the rnpon ^en j ^{j iz} e ^l ce technique for near ^LO, the largest ^{H and} J OAN ^br s var ^ NTE sludge ^from wastewater from cell ^l ozo- ^p apírens ^KEH the Industrials. P ^ro t ° is added to the second com ^p onenta, colorant, ^kt era sn ^Iz 'U is ^world t ^e adhere ^p ro ^p U.S. ^t Nost create ^e VRS ^ y, a ^{straight case even} third ^FOLDER, binder, which Vol ^ys U is me ^c h ^nical dolnos ^{of t s} in ^yt Voren

240 162 layers. Ochrana.předmětu invention relates also to those cases where the mixture ^{in and} out ^and pr s ^Add avkem ^d and ^l §ích com onent ^{p p} ro ^p no effect on ATN ^d s ^{t y} ^ ^ ch as ⁱⁿ conventionally JSO ln ^{id and p} Ia is known, from ^p and ^pi Rens ^to EHO ^p RFIM services ^y _r ^P r. mleý ^AP ENEC, c ^h em ⁱ c ^ky in an ^hličit Enai ^AP ij, kaolin, bentonite and others.

For ^d m ^{ET y} n and ^l cut also permits rea ^if zac ^ip on ^p sucked mixture ^of a sirácháním Complimentary ^bigger m amount ^{AT knows p} and ^k ^ justovárám up with ^p Otręba ^{i t} e ^l s ^KEH packaging to ^P r. ^d o ^p r ^e olye ^those with new ^ACKs or ^PYT profiles ^P ro use small.

^p ou ^{life of} the mixture ^and on ^the infestation ren ^{characterized} ozemcích C ^hp. not ^arriving with a suitable.

A mixture ^of s ^p e ^dl of the invention is ^also purpos ^e ce ^P ředevším for treatments ^and vinohraáfi and ovocnýc ^h. the ^chloride, but show ccording ^{p p} wipes ^would be ^M8 e j ^e j ⁱ 'ou ^{p h} em amount ^{of living} sulfur, and ^{kz t} e ^p of environment and community ^to em ^b ECN ^é agricultural technology. Be it in ^y u ^{live well at pe} cultivation dro ^b NYC ^hb obulovi.n, at ^p r. AngreštS rybízft and, lo ^{p d} b ^s ho fruit, ie. strawberries ,, ^vegetables, especially ^E on melons, cucumbers and tomatoes ^{p p} r ^ysics, garlic, ULE or ^b and ^{d p} o., at some ^at pH ^hp and ^d ec ^hi field. ^pl of ^d in, ^P l. ^c o ^CKY, dsile ^MAY ti.n e.g., RFI ^runs, and especially with ^E in the lenícíc ^{to h} 'and cloches. 'It can ^{also ap} l OVA ^I EST ^{at p ck p h} o ^to ojovýc a grow-in.

Claims (7)

SUBJECT MATTER ²⁴⁰ 182 A composition for mulching soils by spraying, in particular in orchards and vineyards, comprising components which are beneficial to or indifferent to the growth of crop plants and soil microorganisms, characterized in that it consists of a cellulosic material containing at least 60% cellulose suspended in water. 2% to 25% by weight, preferably 10% by weight. 2. The composition of item 1, further comprising a water-insoluble granular dye having an absorbance of at least 10 µm. g ^_ ^ .cm "^ grain size not exceeding 0,2 mm in a concentration in 3% by weight. 3. The composition of item 1 or 2, further comprising a binder which is a high molecular weight polymer with hydroxyl, carboxyl or ester oxygen functionalities in a concentration of up to 5% by weight. 4. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the cellulosic material is a substance selected from the group consisting of dewatered sludge from mechanical or chemical wastewater treatment of the cell paper industry, paper pulp, e.g. beechwood, pulped recovered paper or blend. of these substances. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein a portion of the cellulosic material of claim 4, but not more than 30 parts by weight of dry matter per 100 parts by weight of dry matter, is replaced by lignocellulosic material, in particular crushed wood, sawdust or wood flour. 6. A composition according to claim 2, wherein the water-insoluble granular dye is a substance selected from the group consisting of carbon black, coal dust, and carbon black. sludge, powdered activated carbon, abrasion of tires with a grain size below 0,2 mm or a mixture of these substances. 7. A composition according to claim 3 wherein the binder is a substance selected from the group consisting of soluble carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol solution, polyvinyl acetate emulsion, thickened sulphite liquor, polyamine amine epoxide solution, starch-based sizing agent or sodium silicate or potassium silicate solution.