CN1277785C

CN1277785C - Organic CO2 fertilizer and its preparing process

Info

Publication number: CN1277785C
Application number: CNB001282166A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王同庆
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2000-12-18
Filing date: 2000-12-18
Publication date: 2006-10-04
Anticipated expiration: 2020-12-18
Also published as: CN1359877A

Abstract

The present invention discloses organic CO2 fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The fertilizer is mainly prepared from the following components of the proportion:)60 to 90% of pulverized dry straw, 1 to 10% of strain, and 5 to 30% of additive prepared by mixing cake fertilizer with N, bacterial fertilizer, mild decayed animal fertilizer, pesticide and bactericide. The preparation method comprises the following steps that the strain is added to the pulverized straw, the pulverized straw with strain is fermented, dewatered and uniformly mixed with the additive to prepare the fertilizer. The present invention has the advantages that the present invention has low manufacturing cost and convenient use, conforms to the characteristic that the photosynthesis of the crops slowly and continuously requires CO2 for a long time, solves the problems of the waste straw of the crops in returning the farmland and manufacturing fertilizer, and has the functions of holding water, resisting drought, improving soils, increasing soil fertility, controlling diseases and insect pests, inhibiting the growth of weeds, and saving water and electricity fees, service charge and water resources.

Description

Organic carbon dioxide fertilizer and preparation method thereof

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and mainly relates to organic CO₂A fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

The fundamental response of plant photosynthesis is It is this reaction that provides a source of life for humans. The vegetable, fruit, grain, etc. which must be eaten by people usually accumulate organic matters through the reaction, and then various C H are synthesized₂O compounds such as sugar, starch, protein, cellulose, vitamins and the like account for more than 80 percent of CHO compounds in the straws of the crops. In summary, most of the foods on which humans live are composed of CHO compounds, which represents the importance of photosynthesis, and two basic substances CO for meeting photosynthesis have long been used₂、H₂O is a huge effort, but not solved fundamentally.

CO in the atmosphere₂0.03% of CO in the soil plough layer₂Only 0.0089%, and the best CO for crop photosynthesis₂The concentration is 0.1 percent, namely the existing atmospheric CO is used₂The concentration is increased by 2-3 times, so that the concentration is the optimal concentration of photosynthesis, and the yield and the quality of crops are greatly improved. The data from the former soviet union show that: CO addition in greenhouses₂The cucumber yield can be increased by 69.6%, the tomato yield can be increased by 34%, the kidney bean yield can be increased by 82%, and the radish yield can be increased by 88%. We have conducted a number of experiments in the field to confirm that there is interplant CO in winter wheat during the filling period₂The concentration is stabilized between 120 ppm and 220ppm, and is more than half lower than that of 300ppm (namely 0.03%) of larger gas concentration, which indicates that the photosynthesis of crops absorbs a great amount of CO₂On the other hand, inter-plant CO is explained₂Is in serious deficiency and can not rapidly exchange with the atmosphere to reach new balance to be supplemented in time, thereby supplementing field CO₂The concentration is very necessary. Our experiments also demonstrated that: inter-plant CO of winter wheat₂For every 10ppm increase in concentration, the thousand kernel weight of wheat can be increased by 2.37 g, and the yield can be increased by 16.9%, therefore, it can be concluded that: the crop is photosynthetic, normally CO₂In deficiency condition, increase CO₂The concentration can be greatly increasedThe photosynthetic productivity is improved, the yield and the quality of crops can be greatly improved,this conclusion is a fact that is well recognized by foreign scientists.

For a long time, people have been dedicated to research on NPK and various trace elements, and have high efficiency, such as various chemical fertilizers and trace fertilizers with various varieties, and the deficiency of the elements is thoroughly solved, but the proportion of the elements in organic matters is not large. And the most essential H for photosynthesis₂O and CO₂The problem is that the problem is not solved greatly, even can not be solved. For example, people focus on the development and repair of water conservancy, well digging and canal repairing utilize underground water resources to solve the problem of water shortage irrigation of crops, but the method rarely relates to the conservation of natural rainfall and ensures that most of sky rainfall is utilized by plants; in fact, the natural precipitation can completely guarantee the growth requirement of crops, only 90% of the precipitation is evaporated, the real utilization rate of the crops is less than 10%, and if 70% of the natural precipitation can be kept, the water shortage condition of the crops can not occur basically during the growth period, so that a new way is provided for solving the water problem, and a large amount of manpower, material resources and underground water resources can be saved. For CO₂The problems, which have been studied a lot since nine-five-three, including the former soviet union, and the agriculturists in japan, the usa and the uk have been working on the research, but the results are very little, and the following problems mainly exist for the reasons: (1) CO 2₂Is a gas, is not easy to control in the field, and is still limited to be applied in the greenhouse; (2) under field conditions, CO is supplemented into the atmosphere₂The payment cost is very expensive, the effect is very little, and the production operation is not easy to implement; (3) it has been thought that CO is present₂Is absorbed by the leaves of plants, thus paying attention to the production of gas fertilizer and neglecting CO₂Can also be absorbed by the roots, so that the CO produced₂The gas fertilizer is inorganic, the effect is not good, the cost is high, in addition, the wastes of crops, such as straws and the like are always puzzled by people, the accumulation occupies the field position and influences the farming, more than 86 percent of the straws are CHO compounds, and a large amount of CO can be generated when the dry straws are burnt₂The process is a rapid flash oxidation of C to CO₂The process does not meet the requirement of slow and continuous CO supplement of crop photosynthesis₂The straw burning can seriously pollute the environment.

The invention aims to produce the method and provides the method for preparing the straw-stalk composite fertilizer by using the waste straws of crops as the main raw materialMechanical CO₂A fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The organic CO₂The fertilizer has the advantages of wide raw materials, low cost, convenient use and obvious effect, and meets the requirement of long-term slow and uninterrupted CO supplement for crop photosynthesis₂The features of (1); meanwhile, the problem of recycling the waste straws of crops is solved. And the purposes of preserving water, resisting drought, improving soil, preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, inhibiting weed growth and saving water resources are achieved.

In order to achieve the purpose, a new and unique process is adopted, and the process is achieved through the following technical scheme: the composition mainly comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 60-90% of dry straws (crushed); 1-10% of strain and 5-30% of additive prepared by mixing cake fertilizer containing N, bacterial manure, animal decomposed fertilizer, pesticide and bactericide.

The preparation method of the invention comprises the following steps: adding a strain when crushing the straws, piling and fermenting for 10-24 hours, then air-drying to lose water, and then adding an additive for mixing to obtain the straw powder, or directly mixing the dry straw powder with the strain and the additive.

In the components of the invention, the selected strain is actinomycetes (actinomycetes) or cellulophaga (cytophagaceae), which can rapidly raise the temperature of crop straws to about 55 ℃ at normal temperature, kill harmful microorganisms and effectively ferment the crop straws uninterruptedly.

The additive is mainly prepared by mixing a cake fertilizer containing N, a bacterial fertilizer, an animal decomposed fertilizer, a pesticide and a bactericide, and the dosage range is as follows: 60-85% of N-containing cake fertilizer; 1% -5% of bacterial manure; 10 to 35 percent of animal mature fertilizer; 0.02 to 0.03 percent of insecticide; 0.018-0.025% of bactericide. Wherein the N-containing cake fertilizer is prepared by adding a proper amount of N fertilizer into the shell powder of the cropsThe bacterial fertilizer is prepared by culturing the strains of cellulose-eating bacteria, multi-sac slime bacteria, fungi and the like with the decayed straws (crushing), and the bacterial fertilizer effectively decomposes the straws and uninterruptedly releases CO₂(ii) a The animal manure is prepared by fermenting animal manure, and has the function of supplying good nutrition to strains and accelerating the propagation activities of the strains; the pesticide is furadan or xinalic acid and other broad-spectrum pesticides, and has the function of killing soil insects in the soil plough layer; the bactericide is broad-spectrum bactericide such as carbendazim or mancozeb, and has the function of increasing organic CO₂FertilizerThe ability to prevent and treat diseases.

The preferable content ranges of the components of the invention are as follows: 75-85% of straw and 1-5% of strain; 10 to 20 percent of additive.

The preferable content ranges of the components of the additive are as follows: n-containing cake fertilizer: 65 to 75 percent; 2 to 5 percent of bacterial manure; 20 to 30 percent of animal manure; 0.02 to 0.03 percent of insecticide; 0.018-0.025% of bactericide.

The invention can also add a proper amount of trace element fertilizer, improve the content of the trace element, coordinate and balance the deficiency of various trace elements caused by the long-term cultivation and the additional application of the inorganic N fertilizer to crops.

In the preparation process, calcium superphosphate can be added to increase the content of P and adjust the HP value to be 6.2-8. The invention can also add different herbicides to meet the weeding effect of various crops when being applied.

The invention uses microorganism to ferment the crop straws to release CO₂The method skillfully solves the problem of long-term trouble of developing CO₂The difficult problem of fertilizer. Can slowly and continuously release CO for a long time₂To match this basic feature of photosynthesis. The organic CO₂The fertilizer is solid powder, non-toxic, harmless, odorless and pollution-free. Is applied in field to form a protective layer covering the ground surface, and can slowly and uninterruptedly release CO₂. The CO between the crop plants is tested₂The concentration can be increased from 140ppm/220ppm to 240ppm/297ppm, and CO in the soil plough layer₂The concentration is increased from 89ppm to 297.6ppm, and the characteristic is coincidentally consistent with that of the cropsPhotosynthesis requires slow, uninterrupted CO supplementation₂This mechanism. It has simple production process and convenient use, and overcomes the defects of various inorganic CO₂The fertilizer is expensive, pollutes soil, is inconvenient for field operation and the like, and solves the problem that the crop straws are difficult to treat. In particular the organic CO₂The fertilizer can also bring a plurality of beneficial effects to crop cultivation management, is not available for other chemical fertilizers, compound fertilizers and farmyard manure at present, and is applied with organic CO₂The fertilizer is covered by the straws, so that the following benefits (1) no intertillage and hoeing can be obtained, and the weeds are reduced by more than 70%; (2) drought resistance and soil moisture conservation. Due to CO₂The organic fertilizer is in a protective layer covering the ground surface, thereby having the functions of water retention and drought resistance. Through tests, after the organic fertilizer is applied for 67 days, the water content of the soil at the position of 5cm is 13 percent, and CO is not applied₂The water content of the plot of the organic fertilizer is only 9 percent,severe drought has occurred. Thus, application of organic CO₂The fertilizer plots are not rainy for three months, are not drought, and can be watered without water or with less water; (3) can replace organic farmyard manure, does not need to apply other fertilizers during the growth period, and reduces the application amount of the fertilizer by 50 percent; (4) the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved, the porosity of the soil is increased, and the development of root systems is facilitated; (5) the content of organic matters and the content of N P K and various trace elements in the soil are increased, the soil fertility is improved, and the propagation and the activity of soil microorganisms are facilitated; (6) the low temperature is improved, the high temperature is inhibited, and a good temperature effect is provided for the development and growth of crop roots; (7) the compound bactericide has obvious inhibition and prevention effects on virus diseases such as crop soft rot, verticillium wilt and the like; (8) energy and water resources are saved; the agricultural water and electricity cost and the labor cost are reduced by 70 percent. (9) Using organic CO₂The yield of crops in the field of fertilizer can be improved by 16.9-74.6%.

In long-term experiments, the invention uses the CO trial of different crops₂The fertilizer has obvious effects, and the crop yield and the quality are greatly improved, for example: by reacting organic CO₂After the fertilizer is applied to the field, the crops show obvious and strong growth speed after two weeks, and after one month, CO is generated among winter wheat plants₂The concentration is increased from 140ppm/220ppm to 240ppm/297ppm,CO of soil plough layer₂The concentration is increased from 89ppm to 297.6 ppm. The dry grain weight of the wheat is increased by 2.4 g, the yield is improved by 16.9 percent, and the yield is increased by 131.2 jin/mu. The yield of direct sowing rice on dry land is increased by 23.2%, the yield of white radish is increased by 46.8%, and the yield of garlic sprout is increased by 34.63%. After forty-one day of fertilization, the weight of the dry leaf mustard is increased by 18.64 percent, the weight of the dry celery is increased by 22.38 percent, and the fertilizer is also particularly suitable for the protected cultivation of greenhouse vegetables, greenhouse flowers and the like, due to CO₂The problems of weak seedling, yellowing, wilting and diseases caused by insufficient supply and organic CO₂The fertilizer is non-toxic, free from peculiar smell and pollution, so that the fertilizer is very suitable for being applied to urban potted flower cultivation.

The detailed examples given in the present invention are as follows:

example 1

The present example consists of the following components in amounts: 87% of straw (crushed), 1% of strain (actinomycetes) and 12% of additive. The additive is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by weight: contains N cake fertilizer 80% (prepared by adding N fertilizer into crop shell powder), bacterial fertilizer 5% (prepared by culturing cellulose-eating bacteria, multi-sac myxobacteria and fertile soil), and animal humic fertilizer 15%.

The preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing the straws with the content into bran, adding N, adjusting C/N, stacking and fermenting for 10-24 hours at the humidity of 50-70%, air drying until the water content is below 30%, adding the additive, and stirring. At the terminal of the process flow, 0.02 percent of bactericide, namely ambam and 0.03 percent of insecticide, namely phoxim, of the total amount of the materials are added to inhibit the occurrence of crop diseases and underground insect pests; and bagging after uniformly mixing.

Example 2:

this example consisted of the following amounts of ingredients; 88% of crushed straw, 2% of strain (actinomycetes) and 10% of additive. The additive comprises the following components in percentage by weight: contains N cake fertilizer 85%, bacterial fertilizer (prepared by culturing fungi and rich soil) 4%, and animal decomposed fertilizer 11%.

The preparation method is the same as that of example 1

Example 3

The present example consisted of the following components in the amounts: 70% of crushed straw, 1.5% of strain (actinomycetes) and 28.5% of additive, wherein the additive is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by weight: contains N cake fertilizer 90%, bacterial fertilizer (prepared by culturing cellulose-eating bacteria and Saccharum sinensis Roxb. with fertile soil) 3%, and animal sapropel 7%.

The preparation method is the same as that of example 1

Example 4

The present example consisted of the following components in amounts: 90 percent of straw powder and 10 percent of additive are directly and uniformly mixed to obtain the additive, and the additive is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by weight: contains N cake fertilizer 85%, strain 1% (prepared from actinomycetes and straw), bacterial fertilizer 6% (prepared from cellulose-eating bacteria, polycystic slime bacteria and fertile soil) and animal manure 8%.

The preparation method is the same as that of example 1

In the above embodiment, a proper amount of trace element fertilizer can be added to increase the trace elements in the soil; the preparation method can add calcium superphosphate to increase the phosphorus content and adjust the pH value to 6.5-8.0.

Claims

1. An organic carbon dioxide fertilizer is characterized by mainly comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 65-90% of crop straw powder, 1-10% of strain and 5-30% of additive prepared by mixing nitrogenous cake fertilizer, bacterial manure, animal manure, pesticide and bactericide; the strain is selected from actinomycetes or cellulovorous bacteria; the bacterial manure contains cellulose-eating bacteria, multi-sac myxobacteria and fungi.

2. The organic carbon dioxide fertilizer as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that it consists of 75-85% of straw powder, 1-5% of strain and 10-20% of additive, and it can make soil plough layer CO₂The concentration is increased from 89ppm to 297.6 ppm; surface CO₂The concentration is increased from 140ppm/220ppm to 240ppm/297ppm, thereby effectively improving the photosynthetic efficiency.

3. The organic carbon dioxide fertilizer according toclaim 1 or 2, wherein the additive comprises the following components in the respective ranges: contains N cake fertilizer 60-85 wt%, bacterial fertilizer 1-5 wt%, animal mature fertilizer 10-35 wt%, germicide 0.018-0.025 wt% and pesticide 0.02-0.03 wt%.

4. The organic carbon dioxide fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein the preferred content ranges of each component of the additive are: 65 to 75 percent of cake fertilizer containing N; 2 to 5 percent of bacterial manure; 20 to 30 percent of animal manure; 0.02 to 0.03 percent of insecticide; 0.018-0.025% of bactericide.

5. The organic carbon dioxide fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the bactericide in the additive is zineb and carbendazim, and the insecticide in the additive is phoxim and carbofuran.

6. The organic carbon dioxide fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pH required for the bacterial seeds and the bacterial manure is 6.5 to 8.0.

7. The organic carbon dioxide fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the crop straw is processed and pulverized into bran-like form, and a screen having a diameter of phi 3 to 18mm is used.

8. The organic carbon dioxide fertilizer as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that the crop straws used are ordinary crop straws which can be burned after natural air-drying.

9. The preparation method of the organic carbon dioxide fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, when crushing the crop straw, adding organic N fertilizer and bacterial, stacking and fermenting for 10-24 hours, air drying to lose water to below 30%, adding additive prepared by mixing N cake fertilizer, bacterial fertilizer, animal manure, pesticide and bactericide, and stirring uniformly, wherein during fermentation, the fermentation humidity of straw powder is 50% -70%, adding N to adjust C/N ratio, adding bacterial, stacking and fermenting for 10-24 hours, and the fermentation process is completed after the temperature reaches about 55 ℃.