RU2617740C1 - Mulching composition content - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: composition of the mulching coating contains the components at the following ratios, wt p: lignosulfonate (0.1-0.5), carbamide (0.4-0.8), double superphosphate (3-6), Na-carboxymethylcellulose (0.3-0.4), sawdust (8-9) and sapropel (16-20).

EFFECT: provided utilisation of human economic activity waste while improving the condition of the soil.

Description

The invention relates to the chemistry of polymeric substances used in mixtures with organic synthesized and natural substances to improve the soil in gardening, horticulture, in particular, to compositions for mulching various types of soils, lawns, park areas.

Mulching is the surface coating of soil with mulch (English mulch) for its protection and improvement of properties. A variety of materials can perform the function of mulch. Mulching is one of the most effective ways to maintain plant health. In the summer, mulch performs the functions of not only protecting and enriching the soil with useful elements, but also a number of other, equally important, functions.

Mulching helps in weed control - a layer of 5-7 centimeters reduces the growth of weeds by several times. Mulch creates a shadow in the aisles, which also interferes with the development of weeds. When using mulching, evaporation of moisture from the soil is significantly reduced and, as a result, the frequency of watering is reduced. The topsoil will always be loose - loosening can be done less frequently.

In hot summers, mulching is one of the best ways to protect plants from death - it prevents the top layer of soil from overheating and maintains the optimum temperature for plant growth and development.

Autumn mulching is used to protect the soil from weathering, leaching and freezing, which is the key to good plant development for next year.

As organic mulch, mowed grass, hay, straw, leaves, bark, sawdust, as well as cut paper and cardboard, are used. Fully decomposed compost without weed seeds is also used for mulching.

Inorganic mulch is also used - cut rubber, plastic, stone, gravel, sand. Recently, other materials have also been used - geotextiles and other non-woven materials, which are made of polypropylene fibers in a thermally bonded way (calendering); carbon black, introduced into the fiber structure, absorbs most of the rays of the solar spectrum, for this reason weeds, being under the material, do not receive enough light and die. In summer, mulch performs the functions of not only protecting and enriching the soil with useful elements, but also a number of other equally important functions.

Mulching helps in weed control - a layer of 5-7 centimeters reduces the growth of weeds by several times. Mulch creates a shadow in the aisles, which also interferes with the development of weeds. When using mulching, evaporation of moisture from the soil is significantly reduced and, as a result, the frequency of watering is reduced. The topsoil will always be loose - loosening can be done less frequently.

Of course, mulch has a beneficial effect on the soil and plants:

- retains water in the soil,

- reduces the number of weeds,

- prevents soil overheating in summer and freezing in winter,

- helps to prevent the spread of spray containing pathogens from soil to plants during watering and rain,

- prevents soil erosion,

- prevents the formation of crust on the soil, which improves the absorption of water into the soil,

- preserves soil friability,

- mulched plants form more subordinate roots.

Known (RU, 2034899, publ. 05/10/1995) the composition of the mulching coating containing polyacrylamide, urea, lignosulfonate, potassium chloride and water.

The known technical solution did not contain natural materials that could decompose the soil upon decomposition. In addition, the potassium chloride used was very quickly dissolved when the mulching composition was applied to the soil.

The technical problem solved by the developed invention is to expand the range of mulching compositions of a wide scope.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the developed composition is the disposal of waste from human activities while improving the soil condition.

To achieve the specified technical result, it is proposed to use a mulching composition containing lignosulfonate, urea, and it additionally contains double superphosphate, Na-carboxymethyl cellulose, sawdust and sapropel in the ratio (wt.):

lignosulfonate 0.1-0.5 urea 0.4-0.8 Na-carboxymethyl cellulose 0.3-0.4 double superphosphate 3-6 sapropel 16-20 sawdust 8-9

In addition to the main functions of mulching the soil, the developed composition allows you to effectively dispose of waste from human activities.

In preparing the mulching composition, all components are ground in any known manner using any grinding equipment to the required size (usually 1-3 mm) and mixed using any mixing device. Application to the soil is carried out in any known manner.

The invention will be further illustrated using examples of implementation.

Example 1

The developed composition used on the garden plot for planting garden roses contains lignosulfonate, urea, double superphosphate, Na-carboxymethyl cellulose, sawdust and sapropel in the ratio (wt.):

lignosulfonate 0.1 urea 0.4 Na-carboxymethyl cellulose 0.3 disubstituted potassium phosphate 3 double superphosphate 3 sapropel 16 sawdust 8

These components were ground using a garden shredder and mixed using it. At the beginning of summer, a layer of mulching coating of the specified composition with a thickness of 5-7 mm was applied to the aisles. During the summer, mulching composition was added twice to a layer thickness of 5-7 mm. During the summer, there was a lack of crust on the soil surface, a weak growth of weeds, a decrease in the need for watering, a decrease in rotting berries, an increase in the number of earthworms.

Example 2

The developed composition used for mulching the soil in a greenhouse with plantings of zucchini contains lignosulfonate, urea, double superphosphate, Na-carboxymethyl cellulose, sawdust and sapropel in the ratio (wt.):

lignosulfonate 0.5 urea 0.8 Na-carboxymethyl cellulose 0.4 double superphosphate 6 sapropel twenty sawdust 9

The composition was prepared in a similar manner. At the beginning of May, a layer about 2 cm thick was poured onto the trunk circles. During the summer, a mulching layer was added once. During the summer, there was a lack of crust on the surface of the soil, a weak growth of weeds, a decrease in the need for watering, and an increase in the number of earthworms.

Example 3

The developed composition used to mulch the tree trunk circles of fruit bushes (currants, gooseberries, raspberries, blackberries) contains lignosulfonate, urea, double superphosphate, Na-carboxymethyl cellulose, sawdust and sapropel in the ratio (wt.):

lignosulfonate 0.1-0.5 urea 0.6 Na-carboxymethyl cellulose 0.35 Dual superphosphate 5 sapropel eighteen sawdust 8.5

The composition was prepared in a similar manner. At the beginning of May, a layer about 1.5 cm thick was poured onto the trunk circles. During the summer, a mulching layer was added once. During the summer, there was a lack of crust on the surface of the soil, a weak growth of weeds, a decrease in the need for watering, and an increase in the number of earthworms.

Claims (2)

The composition of the mulching coating containing lignosulfonate, urea, characterized in that it additionally contains double superphosphate, Na-carboxymethyl cellulose, sawdust and sapropel in the ratio (wt.): lignosulfonate 0.1-0.5 urea 0.4-0.8 Na-carboxymethyl cellulose 0.3-0.4 double superphosphate 3-6 sapropel 16-20 sawdust 8-9