DE3431565A1 - Mixture for mulching soils - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a mixture for mulching soils by spraying, this mixture being particularly aimed at gardens and fruit growing. It is composed of a range of components, the main component being a chemical woodpulp material containing at least 60% cellulose, in an optimum variant from dehydrated sludge derived from the chemical purification of woodpulp/paper industry waste liquors, which is suspended in water at a concentration of 10 per cent by weight. The second component, which reduces the light transmission of the resulting layer, is a granular pigment which is insoluble in water and which is expediently as dark as possible, especially black, is, for example, carbon black, and the third component is a binder such as organic polymers, for example a polyvinyl acetate solution, but also a solution of sodium silicate. In spring, the mixture is applied by means of a spraying device equipped with a particular nozzle in such an amount that a compact layer of a thickness of 2 to 8 mm is formed after the excess water has seeped away. The mulch is then ploughed in in autumn, unless it is to be used in the following year.

Description

DiPL.-PHYS. DR. WALTHER JUNIUS 3 Hanover

WOLFSTRASSE 24 TELEPHONE (05 11) 83 45 30 2Λ. AilgUSt 1984

My file: 2803

Jednotne rolnleke druzstvo priatelstva CSSR-NDR, 930 37 lehniee - Czechoslovakia -

Mixture for mulching the soil

The invention "relates to a hischling for mulching the soil in orchards and vineyards, furthermore in vegetable plants, for example in greenhouses and in other plants for caring for plants.. ^K

The intensification of plant breeding through mulching Covering the floor r has been known for a long time. The positive influence of mulching is mainly due to two factors Effects: First, by restricting the evaporation of water from the surface of the soil, it will stop the water in the ground is significantly improved, so that in reality irrigation and hoeing is replaced by it. Furthermore, this restricts the growth of weeds, especially the germination of seeds. Another cheaper one The effect of mulching is an increase in the temperature of the ground. Classic material for mulching, such as mowed Grass, straw or weeds that have not withered are practically non-existent today for this purpose, furthermore must mulching can be carried out manually, as there are no mechanized devices for this type of operation are · During the last two decades these materials have been replaced by black foils.

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The laying of foils and especially the subsequent removal after the end of the vegetation period is, however so demanding in terms of manual work that it can only be used successfully in vegetable growing and for the very demanding Fruits are used, such as peppers, cucumbers and melons, also for "strawberries and the like. In glass houses.

It would be very beneficial to conceal the mulch To be applied by spraying or pouring, because these are processes for which farms are equipped with suitable high-performance technology. Have individual economically working gardeners usually also manual spray guns.

In practice, mulching by spraying has so far not been used, as it is currently not a suitable and cheap one Means are available that would meet the demanding complex requirements of the mulch material. try with mixes based on asphalt were unsuccessful because the mulch layer was impermeable so that the soil microorganisms and the roots of the plants did not allow breathing and it was also badly permeable to rainwater.

The invention eliminates the disadvantages of the prior art. It is the object of the invention to provide a mixture for the Mulching the soil by spraying, especially in orchards and vineyards, to create that. Contains components, which are advantageous or indifferent for the growth of crops and soil microorganisms.

The essence of the invention is that the material for the mulching / a pulp material with at least 60% pulp is made up in water with a Dry off content of 2 to 25? 6 is suspended, advantageous

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Haft 105ö. The pulp is material formed mainly by a material of dewatered waste sludge "in the mechanical or chemical treatment of waste water in the pulp and paper industries ode _v r by pulp containing eg knotty beech wood or shredded waste paper, such as newsprint, but also a mixture of these raw materials Part of the cellulose material (up to 30% of the dry matter) can be replaced by lignocellulose, for example with crushed bark, sawdust or wood flour.

In addition to cellulose material, the mixture can also be added to water insoluble granulated dyes with an absorbent content of at least 10 extinction units. g, cm egg ier Contains grain size no more than 0.2 mm. The dye is formed by a material from the group, the soot, coal sludge or dust, powdery active charcoal or abrasion of wheel tires with a grain size of up to 0.2. This component can also be formed by a mixture of the dyes mentioned.

The mixture can also contain a binder which contains a high molecular weight polymer with hydroxyl, carboxyl or E.ster oxygen functional groups, the final concentration of which is within the limits of 0 to 5% . It can be soluble carboxymethyl cellulose, especially high-molecular thickened sulphite liquor, stabilized emulsion of polyvinyl acetate, i.e. the basis of latex materials, a solution of polyvinyl alcohol, a sizing agent based on starch, a solution of an amine-epoxy polyamide or finally an aqueous solution of a sodium, but also contain potassium silicate, known as water glass.

By using the mixture according to the invention, the

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the same or higher yields of the cultivated plants "Achieved at a lower cost. By limiting evaporation water saves the soil moisture, which is often a limiting factor for the yield. It is possible to reduce the cost of watering or to eliminate it altogether, which is often a large item of expenses. The growth of clay weeds is significantly restricted, so that savings through hoeing and / or through the use of herbicides. Decreasing the amount of herbicides applied or their Complete abolition has further beneficial effects, as it will reduce the exposure to products and their Residuals are reduced, which is advantageous from an ecological point of view. In addition, obscuring the Ground surface by scattering significantly the erosion by wind and water, which is beneficial for the protection of the fertile Bottom is. Since the litter is plowed in autumn, the soil is enriched with organic matter, and the formation of soil humus is supported.

The method of application of the encryption according to the invention is based on known cover _v agrotechnical method. The terrain in the rows of a vineyard or orchard must be leveled and leveled in the spring, for example by a cultivator, a harrow, for manual work by a hoe and a rake, the mulch mixture is prepared in a stationary or mobile mixing arrangement. The mixture according to the invention is applied to the soil to be treated by means of a known arrangement for spraying in such a way that, after the excess water has seeped away, a cohesive layer with a thickness of 1 to 8 mm is formed. The mouthpiece or nozzle of the sprayer must be designed or expanded in such a way that the pulpy / farmy suspension mixture does not

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clogged. "Splashing very fine particles or droplets is not desirable. If Palis does not form a sufficiently thick and compact layer after the first spraying," the spraying may have to be repeated several times. In autumn, after the end of the growing season _f , the litter is plowed or raked in. In the case of cultivated wood species, for example in vineyards, the scattering can also be left for several years.

The procedure for treating fruit trees is similar if individual pans are attached to the trees are.

The composition of the mixture and the results obtained can be seen from the following examples:

example 1

A mixture containing 8% paper pulp (knotty beech wood) and 0.55% active charcoal as a dye was applied to the surface of the floor in two flower pots with a diameter of 10 cm so that, after item drying, an approx mm thick layer formed, another two flower pots served as controls. In each of these six flowerpots pepper plants chilli (capsicum frutescens) were o maintained under room conditions at a temperature between 15 ° to 26 ⁰ C and at a relative humidity of about 5O? Respectively.

With constant irrigation it was found that, thanks to the slower drying, the vegetation period of the test plants, the flowering and the development of the crops included, was extended by at least a month. While the test pots were completely without weeds, five to six grass plants (lolch, lolium perenne) grew in the control pots.

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Example 2

Using a la "bonriischer with a paddle wheel mixer 300 ml of a mixture were "prepared" at which the final concentration of the cellulose was 7.0% of the dry matter was and by a mixture in the ratio 3: 1 (parts by weight of the dry matter) of cellulose Abf.aH-Bchlamm and knotty beech wood, 0.3 g carbon black (i.e. 0.1%) and 6 ml polyvinyl acetate emulsion (2-6 according to weight / volume). Part of the suspension became "Vacuumed into a book, the filter cake was dried in the air" at laboratory temperature and used for tests mechanical strength and applied for further tests, a part was placed on the ground in a floral

applied to a pot with an area of 34 cm (diameter 6.6 cm), where before its application 0.3 g of Lolch seeds (lolium perenne) were sown. While in a control "flower pot 27 grass plants had grown without mulch on the sixth day, the "treated flower pot was entirely without." Weed.

Example 3

In the same way as in Example 2, 300 ml of a mixture were prepared which contained the same amount of cellulose waste chlanrm, knot-rich beech wood and carbon black, only 1.5 g carbon dioxide cellulose (ie 0.5 ½ weight / Volume) ". When testing as in the previous example, only 50% of the plants grew in the flower pot with the mulch compared with the control flower pot.

Example 4

Similar to the previous example, 300 ml of a

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Mischling ", in which 1.5 g ( ie 0.5% weight / volume) dry evaporated sulphite liquor was added. When testing, only 10% of the plants grew through the kitchen compared with the control.

Example 5

Similar to Example 4, 300 ml of a mixture without a binder, "" was prepared. When testing the growth of Weeds grew through the 3070 mulch of the plants in comparison with the control

Example 6

By mixing with a laboratory paddle stirrer, 300 ml of a mixture with a finite dry content of 7.85% were prepared, which only contained cellulose waste sludge and soot (0.3 g, i.e. 0.150) and also 6 ml of a concentrated solution of polyvinyl alcohol (2% weight / Volume). When testing the prevention of the growth of weeds, only 3% of the plants grew through the mulch in comparison with the control flower pots.

Example 7

Similar to the previous example, 300 ml of one _; Mixture "prepared in which 3 ml of a concentrated solution of urodium silicate (water glass \% weight / volume) was added. When testing, no 'plants' grew through the mulch."

Example 8

Analogously to Example 6, 300 ml of a mixture were used with cellulose material and soot, whereby as a binding

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medium 7.5 g (i.e. 2.5%. weight / volume) of polyamide-amine epoxide, dissolved in 30 ml of water, "was added. The mixture was processed further as in Example 2. The dried layer had a thickness of 4 ms β mm similar mechanical properties as in the previous examples,

Example 9

Similar to example 2, 300 ml of a mixture "were prepared, which consisted of pulp waste sludge with a final dry matter content of 20.2% weight / volume, and an amount of 9 g ( ie 3% w / yoI.) And abrasion of wheel tires 0.6 g of a sizing preparation based on starch (ie 0.2% w / w) ". After suctioning off and drying, the 5 mm thick layer showed mechanical properties similar to the layers in the preceding examples.

Example 10

Three doses of 30 l of the mixture according to the invention of the following composition were prepared by means of a puffing paddle stirrer: 2 kg of dehydrated cellulose paper waste sludge, 20 g of lignite dust and 150 ml of polyvinyl acetate emulsion (trade name ¹¹ DUVILAX ") in 10 l of tap water A fair surface of 40 to 50 cm in diameter was poured around 9 apple and pear trees, leaving 9 trees and a row of strawberries (six plants) as controls. Raking and weeding was completely unnecessary on some trees, on some partly because a 'small amount of weeds grew through joints in the mulch where the

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ScMch.t was not applied completely. In yield there was no difference between treated and control trees.

Example 11

In a vertical stirrer with a slow-running mixer, two cans of 8200 1 of a mixture according to the invention were prepared, which was obtained by mixing 1500 kg of dehydrated cellulose paper waste sludge, 32 kg of moist soot and 100 kg of water glass with the addition of 6600 liters of water. This mixture with a dry matter content of 11.3 percent by weight was applied by means of a cistern pulled by a tractor by means of an applicator on four rows of a vineyard, where the distance between the rows was 3.5 m, the width of the applied surface was 50 cm, the area of the cover 0.1 ha, the total treated area 0.35 ha. The growth of weeds on the treated areas was completely suppressed, so that no herbicides had to be used. The yield on the treated rows was Ί0% higher than the average yield for the whole mountain.

The examples mentioned are merely illustrative and do not exhaust all possible variants of the mixture to prepare. Further regulations were also checked with analogous results, which were not mentioned here

The mixture according to the invention itself has a number of advantages. It forms a coherent one on the ground Protective coating that is resistant to mechanical damage and that lasts for an entire vegetation period, that's six to seven months is effective. It does not have a phytotoxic effect on the cultures. She is the same

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if not toxic for the operating personnel, in certain Variants completely unobjectionable. In every]? All it is hygienically safer than stable manure - and means in all cases an improvement in the working conditions of the operators, which are otherwise expressly toxic Herbicides would have to work.

As already mentioned, the soil is enriched by paving through the slowly decomposing organic matter, which forms a component of manure. The mulch layer produced has sufficient permeability for oxygen so that the soil retains the necessary biological activity. It helps rainwater seep in, so that it prevents the formation of varnish and the washing away of the arable earth by erosion. Thanks to the ■ attachment dye degrades light transmission, which is a key requirement for preventing the Forms of growing weeds. The mixture is cheap, available in large quantities and can be prepared using conventional Spraying technique can be used. In one variant of the recipe, waste is currently free of charge. The mixture can still be supplemented by herbicides, pesticides and fungicides, which are applied at the same time can be. It is also possible to add liquid industrial fertilizers to the mixture.

The complex mode of action must not only be based on the main component, the technical cellulose, to be secured in the most advantageous pail through the mud when cleaning the Wastewater from the cellulose paper industry. Therefore, another component is added, the dye, which makes the Reduces the light permeability of the layer formed, possibly a third component, a binder, by means of which the mechanical resistance of the

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layer formed is increased. The protection of the subject matter "also applies to cases where the mixture by adding further components "which are not fundamentally necessary for the effect, as usual Fillers known from the paper industry, e.g. ground limestone, chemical calcium carbonate, kaolin and the like

The subject matter of the invention also enables the mixture to be prepared in larger quantities and then adjusted in packaging for consumers, e.g. in polyethylene bags or in bags for small applications.

The use of the mixture is less suitable for damp soils suitable.

The mixture according to the invention is especially suitable for a ' It is intended for use in vineyards and orchards, but can be used in a wider area as required so that it forms a means of general agricultural engineering. You can also use them when growing berries, e.g. gooseberries, currants, strawberries, vegetables, especially melons, cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, Garlic, onions and the like, in some cases also from field crops such as lentils, also flowers, e.g. roses, use in particular in glass and foil houses. They can also be used when caring for indoor flowers.

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Claims (7)

Patent claims: 1. Mis ulation for soil mulching, especially in orchards and vineyards, which contain components necessary for the growth of plants and soil microorganisms are advantageous or indifferent to them, characterized in that. . that the mixture to be applied by spraying Pulp material with a content of at least 60? Ό Contains cellulose suspended in water with a finite dry content of 2 "to 26 percent by weight, advantageously 10 percent by weight. 2. Mixture according to claim 1,
characterized, : that they additionally have a coloring which is insoluble in water. Substance with an absorption capacity of at least 10 ^r extinction units. cm ~, a grain size of at most 0.2 mm in a concentration of up to 3 percent by weight. 3. Mixture according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that it also contains a binder which is a high molecular weight polymer with hydroxyl,! carboxyl or Ester oxygen functional groups in one concentration up to 5 percent by weight. 4. Mixture according to claim 1,
characterized, that the pulp material by a material one Group is formed, the dewatered sludge after mechanical or chemical cleaning of waste water the cellulose paper industry, paper pulp or also - 2 - EPO COPY 0} knotty beech wood, shredded waste paper, "respectively contains a mixture of these materials. 5. Mixture according to claim 1,
characterized, that part of the pulp material according to claim 4, however a maximum of 30 parts dry matter of 100 parts of the dry matter are replaced by lignocellulose, e.g. through crushed bark, sawdust or wood flour. 6. Mixture according to claim 2,
characterized, that the dye, which is insoluble in water, is a material from the group consisting of soot, coal dust or coal sludge, Active coal in powder form, grinding wheel tires with a grain size of less than 0.2 mm or a mixture contains these materials, 7. Mixture according to claim 3,
characterized, that the binder is a material from the group, the soluble carboxymethyl cellulose, a solution of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, thickened sulphite liquor, a solution of a polyamide-amine epoxide, a sizing agent based on starch or a Contains a solution of sodium silicate, possibly potassium silicate. EPO COPY