CS237990A3 - Process for cultivating tree dry-rot edible fungi - Google Patents

Description

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The method of growing tree, wood-destroying, edible mushrooms.

Technical field

The present invention relates to a method of growing edible and other fungi, in particular edible fungi, for example.

Background Art

Efforts have been made for a long time to provide a method for the efficient and rapid cultivation of fungi, especially edible fungi, for large-scale mushrooming and for the relatively limited possibility of producing them.

Edible fungus and other edible fungi are usually grown on ntroma strains or on cellulose-based substrates. Intermediate methods in which a helulose-based substrate is used include those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,779,665 (Mee) and 4,637,163 (Pellinen). It describes the use of a cellulose-based substrate located in a flexible, microorganism-impermeable container that is sealed and sterilized. However, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,667,228 (Murat), the removal of the mycelium from such containers often results in productivity-impairing effects. Other methods have also been tried. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,735,014 to Weber discloses the use of cannabis stems and U.S. Pat. No. 4,741,122 to Becsy discloses the use of agricultural waste.

The hitherto known methods of the most commonly cultivated tenant have numerous drawbacks. Its cultivation on strains in a traditional way is slow and unprofitable. However, cultivation in flexible micro-organism-impermeable containers (generally bags) has some advantages over traditional methods, but yields are not satisfactory.

It is also known to use grain as a nutritional supplement for cellulose-based substrates, see, for example, Han et al., Physics and Ecology of Lentinus Edodes (Berk, Sign., Mushroom Science XI, Proceedings of the Eleventh International) 'y> ί · ν · 2 ;;

Scientific Congress on the Gultivation of Edible Fungi (1981).

Cereal substrate for mushroom cultivation, including an edible fungus; se: must be sterilized. Non-sterilized grain contains various bacteria and microorganisms that compete with edible fungi with other fungi, thereby reducing production efficiency. A conventional method of heat sterilization, such as steam sterilization, is not sufficient for the grain to be sufficiently sterilized with all competing microorganisms. Accordingly, prior art grain-sterilized grain is unsuitable as a sub-loss. It has been reported in the prior art that due to the widespread use of wood chips and the necessary amount of energy to sterilize the substrate, San Antonio, "Cultivation of the ShiitakeIvkishroom" appears to be widely used for the production of San Antonio. , Vol. 16/2 (April 1981).

The main problem with conventional heat sterilization of cereal substrates is that certain bacteria, especially Bacillus, produce heat-resistant spores that survive such sterilization, even if the bacteria themselves are killed. Such a heat-sterilized substrate always contains some Bacillus spores. that contaminate the substrate, making it unsuitable for mushroom cultivation, including one tough.

It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide an improved fungal cultivation method, in particular an edible fungus, which is more effective and faster than prior art processes using a novel sterilization method on an improved culture substrate to allow the cultivation of the desired fungi without contamination with other undesirable substances. microorganisms.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The essence of the method of growing tree, wood-destroying, single fungi according to the invention is based on the preparation of a cereal mixture containing 1.00 parts by weight of dry mixture per 100 parts by weight of dry mixture and a greater proportion of cereals than starch, proteins. and V. "nutrient sources, the mixture is boiled for about 1 hour, cooled for about 8 to 24 hours, sterilized in a microorganism-impermeable container, then seeded edible fungi are added and incubated in the container for approximately For 21 days, the container of the consumed cereal mixture and the mycelium formed is left at about 7 ° C for 7 to 9 days, the mycelium is removed from the container and then misted with cold water while the edible fungus is growing.

Thus, a substantially cellulose-free grain which is sterilized as a new substrate is used. According to the prior art, it is necessary to cultivate edible plants on logs, sawdust or substrates containing most of the cellulose. However, according to the invention it has been found that cellulase is not necessary for the cultivation of an edible toughener. The single fungus has the ability to degrade cellulose as a basic nutrient, but according to the invention it can be grown more efficiently on a substrate of a more favorable composition. The edible fungus can also degrade lignin as a component of wood, but can be more efficiently cultivated when pre-degraded instead of lignin is used. products.

However, the invention addresses not only the composition of the substrate but also the problem of bacterial contamination of the grain, so that a suitable sterile substrate is obtained. In the process of the invention, the substrate is cooked to destroy the bacteria present. It is then cooled to cause germination in heat-resistant spores. The substrate is then re-sterilized by steam after spore emergence, but before the bacteria mature sufficiently to form new, resistant temperature spores. Of course, other methods, such as irradiation, may also be used instead of heat sterilization. However, irradiation requires greater control and may adversely affect the marketability of the mushrooms produced. <c V; G

Thus, the substrate used in the process of the present invention is a more effective medium for fungal cultivation, including edible fungi, since the nutrients required for edible fungi are supplied directly and in sufficient quantity as compared to cellulose and lignin, which must the edible fungi are first enzymatically degraded. The process of the present invention is also more effective as competing microorganisms are removed from the substrate. The advantage of the process according to the invention is also the shortening of the incubation time of the edible fungus. This incubation in the process of the invention is shortened to 21 days, whereby woodchip cultivation requires between S months to 12 months and about 80 days for sawdust. An advantage of the process of the invention is also an increase in the uniformity of the substrate weight. With the use of a 45 kg substrate used in the process of the invention, about 135 kg of edible edible are obtained over a period of 5 months, while 45 kg of wood chips are obtained for 4.5 to 7 kg of edible ten years after 45 years and 45 kg. kg of sawdust 36 kg of tenant for 8 months. It is also an advantage of the process according to the invention that no special seed material is required. The blanket material can be used as seedlings for further production, so that the production can be expanded without waiting for a new stock material.

Yet another advantage of the method of the invention is that the production units can be incubated for more than 21 days up to 6 months, for example, if market conditions are disadvantageous. It is therefore possible to accumulate sown units for later large-scale seasonal production. In practice, the various nutritional supplements, such as proteins, sugars, starches, and vitamins, are cooked in water to achieve perfect dispersion. grain is added as a dry coat and boiled for about one hour to kill the contained bacteria and to absorb the dispersed nutrients by grain. The grain is then allowed to cool, causing some heat resistant spores to germinate. After cooling, the grain is mixed with the permeability facilitating powders to prevent sintering of the grain packing in sterilizable containers that are impermeable to microorganisms such as polypropyle bags. The bags are then steam sterilized in a manner known per se, before the germinated bacteria mature sufficiently to form new spores.

After the bags have been sterilized, they are planted either with pure seedlings of cultivated mushrooms or with the addition of pre-planted wheat. The bags are then shaken to mix the seedlings or seeded with the substrate to shorten the incubation period. The bags are then incubated at approximately 27 ° C. In this incubation, the seedlings mostly or completely lose their mycelium formation.

The fungus mycelium is deposited by exposing the bladders to 4 to 18 ° C for 5 to 15 days under cold fluorescent lighting. Centering occurs until maturity, ycelium is removed from the vessel and exposed to intermittent cold water mist or high humidity environments. The fertility can also be induced by using a cold water shower to illuminate.

Figure 1 shows a preferred continuous process for preparing the substrate for carrying out the process of the invention.

Preferably, the substrate components are selected to provide optimal nutrition for the cultivated mushrooms without the need for additional artificial supplements. Usage,' . only natural substances also facilitate compliance with food regulations. Preferred slos ίβη.Τ é-ixt S tX "* ci in U. - below. Ingredient Range of Amounts Linear opaque wholegrain sorghum 67,5 - 135 kg SC kg wholegrain oats 0 - 22,5 kg 16 kg potatoes 2,25 - 9 kg 4,5 kg crushed barley 0,23 - 6,75 kg 2,25 kg pea sprouts 0 - 6,75 kg 2,25 kg brewing dried yeast 6,9 - 15,75 kg 2,76 kg - 6 - peeled sunflower seeds 0 - 4.5 kg 0.9 kg soya flour 0 - 1.1 kg 0.7 kg gluten maize flour 0 - 1.1 kg 0.7 kg whole garlic 0.23 - 1.8 kg 0.7 kg sunflower oil 0-20 tablespoons 10 tablespoons + wheat loop oil 0-20 tablespoons 10 tablespoons molasses 0-20 tablespoons 6 tablespoons water 76 - 133 liters 95 liters milk 0 - 3.8 liters 1 liter + spoons always mean soup

Qualitative and quantitative coating additives for each two batches of the above substrate are reported: Component H Amount Amount Quantity 'Optimum lime powder 11 - 34 kg 23 kg gypsum powder 45 - 90 kg 72 kg cottonseed meal 0 - 24 kg 18 kg Pea sprouts are preferably grown for 6 to 12 days below. irrigation through mist. Bean sprouts can also be used, but pea results are better.

Sorghum provides vitamins, carbohydrates, starches, protein and minerals such as copper, iron, zinc, manganese and selenium.

It supplies vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, starches, proteins and salicylic acid. Salicylic acid underpins the development of the fruiting bodies of the tench. Squeezed / rolled / barley gives vitamins and carbohydrates and absorbs excess water. Soya flour is a source of minerals, proteins and vitamins. Brewer's pulverized yeast provides a large amount of vitamins, especially those that promote mycelial growth. Sunflower seed and sunflower oil supply vitamins, minerals, proteins and saturated and unsaturated oils. Sunflower seed oil also promotes secondary mycelial growth.

Pea sprouts support the formation of fruiting bodies of greater weight. Thus, they control the size of edible mushrooms. When using more sprouts, more fungi are produced but smaller. When using less sprouts, fewer fungi are produced but larger. In the absence of sprouts, fruiting bodies of 0.35 to 0.68 kg are formed on the substrate. Garlic acts as a natural antibacterial agent and prevents bacterial growth after boiling and sterilizing the substrate. Isflase is a source of sugars and wheat germ oil adds saturated and non-saturated vitamins. D. Corn gluten flour delivers Vitamins, minerals, proteins and selenium. Potatoes supply starch. Milk is a source of casein and cheese can be used instead.

Coating additives increase the permeability of the substrate, but have other functions. Powder limestone adjusts the pH of the substrate to neutral (about 7-8). Powdered gypsum also affects the pK value for a long time and makes the substrate free of powder. Cotton seed flour provides protein and oil. It will be appreciated that in certain prior art, under certain conditions, the calcium growth of the mycelium inhibits, but the substrate for carrying out the process of the present invention comprises a substantial amount of calcium from limestone and gypsum powder.

The size and number of edible fungi can be controlled prior to sowing with a plurality of substrates that are introduced into the bags. Larger bags that contain more substrate produce a larger number of single fungi of larger size. For example, in a 3.6 kg substrate, 0.34 kg of edible mushrooms are obtained within about 6 months.

The size and number of edible fungi can also be controlled by contacting the single-mounted units to form one large continuous unit, producing larger edible fungi and in greater numbers than in single-unit cultivation.

Fully mounted units can be placed on shelves or bars. to achieve maximum production per unit of space.

The invention is illustrated in more detail by the following non-limiting example of the present invention. EXAMPLES Example 1

The water is boiled in a 228-liter boiler with a steam-heated drain in the bottom. Cuts are cut into slices and boiled water is added simultaneously with milk, garlic, gluten cornmeal, wheat germ oil, sunflower oil, melase, peeled sunflower seeds, brewing powder yeast and soy flour. The mixture is boiled until the ingredients are broken into small pieces. The mixture is then preferably blended with a paint mixer to promote disintegration of the particles into small pieces. The pea sprouts are then added to the boiling mixture, which is stirred with a large paddle until the loops are softened. Then oats, barley and sorghum are added together with sufficient water to cover the grain. The mixture is boiled and stirred until the water level falls below the grain level of 7.5 to 10 cm, whereupon the heat source is switched off. After about one hour, any residual liquid is drained from the bottom of the boiler. At this point, the grain should be half cooked, half hard. The grain is then allowed to cool for about 24 hours and then removed. Grain batches are then placed in a large flat grain container to mix the limestone powder, gypsum powder and cottonseed meal. It is stirred until everything is powder coated. Grain should not be clustered into pieces. Reports provide approximately 540 kg of prepared substrate. The prepared substrate is then introduced into double polypropylene plastic bags (0.04 mm thick). Each of these double bag units has a polypropylene neck, a cotton stopper and an aluminum foil cap over the stopper. The bags contain 4 batches of grain (approximately 1080 kg) and are placed in a steam retort (diameter 150 cm, length 390 cm) and sterilized by steaming at 121 ° C at 103.5 kPa for 7 hours. Each charge is cooled for 24 hours before sowing.

Once the bags have been sterilized, they are preferably sown under sterile conditions in air-flowing leminary enclosures. Into each bag of weight. 0.90 kg is added approximately 5 to 10 tablespoons of seed grain. Each bag is then shaken to perfectly mix the seed grain with the new substrate. This thorough mixing of the seed grains with the substrate greatly reduces the impregnation time. Thus, a 0.9 kg bag is usually completely seeded after about 3 weeks of incubation at 27 ° C. Typically, 15 new 0.9 kg units can be run from each 0.9 kg inoculated unit. It is preferred to have a vactak size to accommodate 3.6 kg with respect to a larger number of sprouts in a 3.6 kg bag compared to 0.9 kg and a 1.8 kg bag.

After about 3 weeks, the cereal substrate from the larger part is digested in the bag leaving only the mycelium. The bag can be maintained in this mycelial step for 3 to 4 months during seafood storage. To begin the production of edible mushrooms, the bags are subjected to cold shock by cooling them at 4.5 to 18 ° C for 5 to 15 days under a cool white fluorescent light of 25 to 100 lux. A preferred cold shock occurs at 7 ° C for 7 to 9 days. However, a cold water bath can also be used for 24 to 48 hours. The sea bags can be transported while cooling the cold in cold containers.

Another method of cold shock that causes the growth of the fruiting bodies is by removing the mycelium from the bags and exposing it to the intermittent action of cold water mist. It is advantageous to fog in daylight and also for 2 hours at night. The fogging science is cooled to 10 to 24 ° C and fogging is carried out for 2 to 120 seconds at intervals of 2 to 10 minutes for 6 to 15 hours in daylight. Approximately 10 to 20 days after exposure to the mycelium of the mist, the tenant can be harvested. Subsequent harvests can occur 20 to 30 times in succession. The relative humidity in the mist environment must be at least 80%.

As an alternative to the use of alternating cold water mist, the mycelium may be removed from the lid and aged in a manner known per se.

Once the substrate has been depleted, it can be used for other purposes, such as compost, animal feed, substrate for other single fungi, or insect feed.

However, after the mycelium is formed, the mycelium may also be used as animal feed or nutrient. Also useful biochemicals can be extracted from the mycelium.

While the invention is described by way of example, various variations and modifications are possible within the scope of the invention that are known to those skilled in the art. The substrate can be used to grow a variety of fungi useful for their biochemical or other properties. For example, the substrate may be used to cultivate penicillin fungi, tobacco fungi, yeasts, and medicinal edible fungi.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY Growing fungi, especially edible edible in an efficient and rapid manner, using new methods of sterilization and improved culture substrate without contamination with unwanted microorganisms.

Claims (16)

PATENTS indicating 11 Three, to prepare the grain mixture containing 1, 00 (1, 1 to 0.25 parts of water and more grain than starch, protein and nutrient sources, the mixture is boiled for about 1 hour, cooling to about 8 to 24 hours, filled into a sterilized micro-organism impermeable container, sterilized in a container, then seeded with edible edible mushrooms and incubated for about 21 days in a container, the container of consumed cereal mixture and the dishwashing being left 7 up to 9 days at a temperature of about 7 ° C, the mycelium is removed from the container and then fogged with cold water from the growth-fungal edible fungus. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that a cereal mixture is prepared comprising a non-GG portion of dry blend of 1.00 to 0.25 parts of water and a greater proportion of starch than the starch, protein and nutrient sources. it is boiled for about 1 hour, cooled for about 8 to 24 hours, filled into a sterilized microorganism impermeable container, sterilized in a container, and then planted with edible fungi and incubated for about 21 days after mixing in the container, whereupon the planting of edible mushrooms is consumed by the cereal mixture and the mycelium is grown to the fruit. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the substrate is readily incorporated into the cereal mixture in a cooling agent. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the grain comprises sorghum. . The method of claim 2, wherein the protein is characterized by the presence of green erythrocytes. 6. A process according to claim 1, wherein the sterilization temperature is about 121 DEG C., the pressure of the vessel 12, characterized by the steaming of the vessel 3.5 for about 7 hours. -12 - 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the planting of the edible fungi is. cereals, which were planted with planting of edible mushrooms. 8. A method according to claim 2, wherein the germination is caused by removing the mycelium from the vessel and subjected to the mycelium intermittently by the action of cold water during the mist. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the intermittent fogging is carried out using water at 10 to 24 ° C for 2 to 120 seconds at intervals of 2 to 10 minutes for 6 to 15 hours per day and 2 hours at night. 10. A method according to claim 2, wherein the starch, protein and nutrient sources are used in accordance with the nutritional requirements of the cultivated mushrooms. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that. the whole garlic is added to the cereal mixture before cooking. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that 25 to 133 liters of water are boiled, 2.25 to 9 kg of potatoes are added, 0.9 to 15.75 kg of brewer's powder yeast, 0.23 to 1.8. kg of garlic, the mixture is boiled and mixed, after grinding to smaller pieces, 67.5 to 135 kg of whole grains of sorgas and 0.23 to 6.75 kg of crushed barley are added, the mixture mixed with sufficient water to immerse the mixture. dropping the water level below the mobile mix, about one hour after removal of the heat source, the mobile drain mixture, about 8 to 24 hours pc drainage mixes with 5.4 to 16.65 kg of limestone powder and 22.5 to 45 kg of gypsum powder, measured doses completely the coated cereal mixtures are placed in sterilized containers impermeable to promicroorganisms, the containers containing the cereal mixture are sterilized, and the seedlings of edible mushrooms and cereal mixtures are then added and mix and then incubate for about 21 days, and after consuming the cereal mixture and forming the mycelium, the mycelium is crawled. s i 13. A method according to claim 2 or 12, characterized in that edible fungi are used as seedlings of edible mushrooms. ' 14. A method according to claim 2 or 12, characterized in that oyster mushrooms are used as seedlings of edible mushrooms. 14. A method according to claim 2 or claim 12, wherein the nub is seeded with mushrooms. 15. A method according to claim 2 or 12, characterized in that the mushroom is used as a seedling of edible mushrooms. 16. A method according to claim 2 or 12, characterized in that velvet shank is used as the seedling of edible mushrooms. 17. A method according to claim 2 or 12, wherein the edible mushrooms are used as seedlings of edible mushrooms.