CS225830B2 - The present manufacturing process of the animal hairs and leathers from natural rabbit,sheep and goat skins - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a process for the simultaneous production of high-quality leather and animal hair from raw hides, the hair of which is suitable for processing, in particular in the textile industry, in particular from rabbit, sheep and goat hides.

When processing raw hides, the aim is always to achieve the highest value of finished products. One way to achieve this is to obtain, in the manufacture of leather, by means of suitable processes, hairs that are valuable for industrial utilization, thereby utilizing both the skin and the fur of the animals.

The processing of raw sheepskins and rabbitskins is a particular problem in this respect, since for the use of fleece or fleece. hair in the textile industry missions to guarantee the appropriate quality. To obtain rabbit hair, the skins are usually sheared. The quality of the hairs meets the requirements of the industry, but the skin is no longer suitable for leather production.

Skin leaching (lime) is also used to remove hair from the raw skin. By leaching the skin is exfoliated, but it also results in a certain loosening of the fibrous structure of the skin.

The leaching agents, mainly used in industrial practice, act chemically. In an alkaline environment, they quench the layer between the joint and the outer skin, thereby releasing the bond between the two layers.

Numerous hair-saving leaching procedures have been developed to reduce hair damage, the common feature of which is the desert of several baths. According to Hungarian Patent No. 143 247, raw hides are first treated with an optionally powdered, low-concentration sodium sulfide solution and then with a pure slurry of calcium hydroxide.

According to German Patent Specification No. 1,288,728, raw hides are subjected to biological leaching in order to obtain high-quality hairs using enzymatic proteolytic agents to release the bond between the eye and the outer skin. ARA, RHMM, Darastadd) Similar methods are also described in the German Unloading Document No. 1,233,530, as well as in U.S. Patent Nos. 2,791,535, 3,076,749, and 2,857,317. However, these procedures are used only to a limited extent , since the quality of the leather generally does not reach the quality achievable by leaching and, moreover, these processes are also very expensive.

Known technologies, including enzymatic processes, are not suitable for obtaining both rabbit hair usable in the textile industry and suitable leathers for dressing purposes. • The situation is similar in the processing of sheep skins, which were not possible by the above chemical and enzymatic processes economically optimize the use of hair and leather ·

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a process for the processing of sheep, rabbit and goat skins which, after short-term treatment, can be easily treated with skin hair, obtained hair of good quality and the raw hides obtained are suitable for further processing in leather industry.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a process for the simultaneous production of animal hair and leather, in particular from raw rabbit, sheep and goat skins, by treating the raw hides in the hydrated state to be processed and effectively free of meat residues at 20 ° C. to 30 ° C for 6 to 48 hours with an acidic picnic slurry, which preferably contains 30 to 80 g sodium chloride, 5 to 10 g ammonium sulfate, 4 to 15 g inorganic or organic acid and 0.5 to 1.5 nonionic surfactants substances per liter, or by a scrap liquor bath, containing by weight lactic acid, 10 to 14 g organic acid and 40 to 60 g sodium chloride, or 40 to 60 g sodium chloride and 2 to 4 g carbohydrate-degrading enzyme per liter, if necessary, neutralizing or alkaline treatment, the skins are treated in a new bath containing enzymes in a way that: foaming, preferably proteolytic enzymes or enzymes of bacterial origin or their mass, up to an initial hair release, preferably for 10-16 hours, after which the skin is dehumidified, the hair is separated and dried, and the lumps are subjected to leaching after leaching to other known processors.

For example, an acidic pid may have the following composition:

sodium chloride 30 to 80 g / liter ammonium sulphate 5a 0 g / liter organic acid (formic, acetic, lactic, glacial, etc.) or inorganic acid (sulfuric, hydrochloric, etc.) 4 to 15 р1 // Иг neiontoaé , surfactants 0.5 to 1.5 g / liter

For example, the bath ratio (plucking / raw skin) is 15 liters of piC / slurry per 1 kg of air dried raw skin ·

Instead of acidic flotation, it is also possible to make complex turkeys of the systems, for example in the form of a conventional bran mordant or scrap grinder.

Protein enzymes which degrade skin membranes between the disease and the asia cells of the skin by separating mainly hair but do not tear the skin are used as the hair removal enzymes. Such enzymes are commercially available and are used in These enzymes include the pruteulytic enzymes produced by fungi (Asseerium lus oryzae, Lerfesus, Aspergerus, Aspergus, Aspergus). enzymes produced by the pancreas, such as trypsin, enzymes of bacterial origin (B. ppycUdes, B.fatheratherium, B. meesenericus) · mixtures of enzymes produced by the pancreas with enzymes produced by the fungi or by the enzymes produced by the pancreas abdominal with prostheses of bacterial origin.

To release the hair, the enzymes are used in a bath at a concentration of 0.5 to 1.5% by weight, at a pH optimal for their action, at a temperature of 25 to 35 ° C and for a period of Ю to 16 hours. Suitable enzyme formulations include: Batan VT 2100 (Hoechst AG, Germany), Oropon (Rohm GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany), Arezym, Rohazim (Rohm GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany). Eropal and Fereon (Rohm GmbH) have proven to be suitable for pretreatment.

When used for the enzymatic processing of enzymes produced by the pancreas, the skin is treated after an acidic treatment with a bath containing ammonia and / or sodium bicarbonate.

The effect of the acid treatment, which precedes the enzymatic treatment, is that by abolishing the intermolecular bonding force, the fibrous structure of collagen is largely released. As a result of the loosening of this structure, the enzymes can easily enter the skin from the inside and penetrate the hair roots without further damaging the skin during further processing. Pretreatment thus makes it possible to use an enzyme with a targeted action and to limit the action of the enzyme practically to its release without damaging the hair.

The method according to the invention makes it possible to fully utilize both hair and skin. The obtained rabbit hair is used to produce felt, fibers suitable for the textile industry, and fabrics from these fibers, while the remaining clearings are made of velor leather, nappa leather or washing leather.

The process according to the invention is illustrated by the following examples.

He did

Air-dried rabbit skins weighing 250 to 300 g each are soaked in a known manner, stripped of meat residues and then placed in a picnic slurry of the following composition:

sodium chloride 60 g / liter ammonium sulfate 5 g / liter formic acid 6 ml / liter nonionic surfactant (Hostapur CX) 1 ml / liter bath ratio: 2 liters per skin bath temperature 28 ° C

The raw skins are left in the swash tub for 5 hours in the above-mentioned picnic flask while the tub is moving, then left to rest overnight. The next day, 6 ml / liter of formic acid is added to the picnic slurry, the skins are moved for 3 hours and then left to rest overnight. The treated skins are left to rest on goats for one day.

Instead of the above-mentioned picnic slurry, it is possible to use picnic slurries of the following composition:

sodium chloride formic acid sulfuric acid Tergolix A g / liter ml / liter

1.5 g / liter

0.5 g / liter

4 ml / liter of formic acid and 1 g / liter of sulfuric acid were added to strengthen the picnic slurry.

After acidic picking, the skin is treated at 25 ° C with the following bath:

25% ammonia fatty alcohol ml / liter g / liter

The skin is left in this bath for 2 hours while in motion.

225830 4

Then not the skin acts at temperatures? 30 ° C with this bath containing:

enzyme produced by the pancreas 10 g / liter ammonium sulfate 5 g / liter nonionic surfactant (Lutensol A? -6) 1 g / liter

In this enzyme bath, the skin is allowed to sit for 30 minutes while in motion and then left to stand for 16 hours. The skin is then dewatered by centrifugation and the hair or hair is removed manually or by machine.

The hairs obtained are washed with pure warm water. Washing water is changed several times, the skin is always centrifuged between washings. The clearings are leached and then subjected to further processing of tanning industry. «

Example 2

Well dipped sheepskin, free from coarse impurities or perfectly clean, washed, with g / liter ml

1.5 ml / liter

1.5 ml

1.5 mHlitr

The bath ratio is 20 to 30 liters per skin, depending on the length of the wool. The treatment is carried out at a temperature of 28 ° C in a hash pan. The hides are moved for 5 hours, then left to rest over the night, and again for 3 hours the following day. The total time of picking is 6 to 24 hours.

Process in a picnic bath of the following composition:

sodium chloride acetic acid lactic acid sulfuric nonionic · surfactant (Hostapur CX)

After peeling, the skin is left to rest on the goat for one day, kept at 30 ° C for two hours in a bath of the following composition:

Then, the spiked skin is subjected to 25% ammonia hydrogen chloride sodium citrate fatty alcohol

The pretreated hides are:

ml / liter g / liter

1.5 g / liter ° C leave the enzyme produced by the pancreas ammonium sulfate nonionic surfactant for 10 hours in an enzyme bath

After enzyme treatment, the skin is centrifuged and the wool is removed, and the worts are carried out as described in Example 1.

g / liter g / liter g / liter

Washing of wool and other

Claims (2)

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION What is claimed is: 1. A method for producing animal hair and leather, preferably from raw rabbit, sheep and goat skins, comprising: raw hides in a hydrated state, intended for processing and suitably free of residual masses, temporarily acts at a temperature of 20 to 30 ° C for 6 to 48 hours with an acidic picnic slurry containing preferably 30 to 80 g of sodium chloride, 5 to 10 g ammonium sulfate, 4 to 15 g of an inorganic or organic acid and 0.5 to 1.5 g of non-ionic surfactants in 1 liter, or a scrap liquor bath containing, calculated on lactic acid, 10 to 14 g of organic acid and 40 to 60 g of sodium chloride, or 40 to 60 g of sodium chloride and 2 to 4 g of the enzyme degraded the carbohydrates In one liter, optionally carried out by neutralizing or alkaline treatment, the skins are treated in a new bath containing hair removal enzymes, preferably proteolytic enzymes or enzymes of bacterial origin or mixtures thereof, up to the initial hair release, preferably after for 10 to 16 hours, after which the skin is free of hair, the hair is washed ^and dried, and the ground is subjected to further processing after leaching. 2. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that, after acidic picking, they are neutralized or rendered alkaline in a bath containing ammonia and sodium bicarbonate.