CS214580B1 - A method of preparing a mushroom growing substrate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention makes it possible to eliminate the heat treatment of the substrate. The stated purpose is achieved by treating the substrate components with a formaldehyde solution. The formaldehyde is applied before or after mixing the substrate components with the seedling together with the water needed to achieve the necessary humidity and at a temperature higher than 10 °C and lower than 30 °C.

Description

The invention relates to a process for preparing a substrate for growing fungi, fetuses or mycelia. Existing methods for preparing the substrate consist of heat treating the fermented or non-fermented material. The heat treatment takes several days, which is a demanding fuel consumption. Production costs have therefore increased in recent years.

Chemical treatment is used only as a surface or complementary method of substrate preparation, e.g. flies against flies, preventive addition of fungieids and the like. Adding chemicals to the substrate increases the risk of residual accumulation in fungi, because fungi excel in the ability to accumulate within them certain substances, such as heavy metals such as mercury and lead. Also, treatment with allyl isothiocyanate has major drawbacks, since even at concentrations not yet effective to irritate the respiratory tract and prevent the work of personnel,

The object of the invention was to simplify and complicate the preparation of the substrate and, in particular, to make it independent of the source of steam, thereby extending the possibility of producing mushrooms in agricultural plants. It was an object of the present invention to provide a chemical treatment for a chemical treatment which would, at normal temperatures, provide a cleansing of the starting components of the substrate which is sufficient for the substrate. mushroom growing. These components are often waste materials with an extremely high degree of contamination (eg excrement). The substance to be investigated should be of a natural nature, be easily degradable, efficient, fasting and available. Formaldehyde, HCOH, was shown to be such a substance.

Formaldehyde is of a natural character, it was created in the abiogenic era of development and the Earth. His role in the formation of organic substances and consequently in his life is bare and is still not fully understood. In particular, less developed organisms have the ability to metabolize formaldehyde, utilizing it as a source of energy and carbon.

Fungi are among the evolutionary lower organisms and some good species tolerate relatively high concentrations of formaldehyde in the atmosphere or soil. The presence of formaldehyde in the substrate has a multilateral effect, which is the object of the invention. By chemical reactivity, formaldehyde neutralizes the present vegetatively forms of microbes and insects by reacting with the free amino groups of amino acids, thereby denaturing proteins and eliminating them from function. This effect has formaldehyde in direct dependence on temperature and is not preferred at temperatures below 15 ° C.

Formaldehyde is a reactive substance and oxidizes to formic acid on the surface of the substrate in direct dependence on temperature. This acid itself has considerable activity against bacteria. and mushrooms use it. as a carbon source. Oxidation of formaldehyde creates a microatmosphere with reduced oxygen content in the substrate, which is partially equivalent to anaerobiosis. Higher fungi differ in their oxygen requirements by order of magnitude from those of obligatory aerobes and the lack of oxygen in the atmosphere prevents germination of spores that have not been damaged by formaldehyde. This creates conditions that favor the growth of higher fungi in the substrate. ...

The essence of the invention is that formaldehyde is added to the components of the substrate so that its final concentration is not less than 0.9 kg per m ³ . The stirred substrate is self-heated unless stored at temperatures below 10 ° C, the internal temperature in the substrate is increased, resulting in the effect of formaldehyde on the germs present and accelerated decomposition of the residue to the formate anion. Formaldehyde is applied to the substrate together with soaking water so that it gets into the entire profile and its fumigation properties further enhance its effect. The high resistance to formaldehyde of higher fungi makes it possible to use higher concentrations, but not less than 0.9 kg per m ³ . This concentration does not damage the seedlings of higher fungi and allows the seedlings to be mixed into a dry substrate and then subjected to a chemical treatment.

• When using large-scale overgrowth containers, it is advisable to mix the seedlings into the finished substrate and calculate their spatial placement at the edge of the overgrowth containers. On the one hand, the absence of seedling in the middle of the vessels does not allow self-heating to a high degree, and on the other hand it saves the seedling because placing the seedling in the middle of the vessels where the temperatures increase. '.

For example, crushed wheat straw having a dry matter content of about 90% was mixed with 1700 L of 4 kg formaldehyde formaldehyde solution in a mixer; to give 2700 kg of substrate having a formaldehyde concentration of 0.9 kg per t. The substrate is filled into polyethylene bags provided with an inoculum device to which the bags are simultaneously seeded with seedlings. The inoculated bags are folded for overgrowth at a temperature above 10 ° C and below 30 ° C.

Example 1 and 2 of the pulverized rye straw are mixed with seedling in a mixer and passed through a wetting apparatus where the mixture is saturated with a 3 kg formaldehyde solution per t. The mixture is filled into a regrowth vessel and allowed to stand for several hours to drain excess moisture. They are then placed in the overgrowth chamber.

Example 3

Waste lignocellulosic materials and animal excrements are prepared in a mixture so that the resulting nitrogen content does not exceed 1.5% per dry matter. With stirring, the mixture is treated with a formaldehyde solution to a final concentration of 5 kg / t and a water content of at least 60%. The finished substrate is folded into closed rooms with intensive ventilation or covered landfills, where it is taken for inoculation and overgrowth as necessary.

Claims (3)

Process for preparing a substrate for growing mycelia and fruit fungi, the components of which are, for example, straw, sawdust, manure, solid. residue from the hydrolysis of manure, paper, fruit and vegetable residues and the like, characterized in that the individual components and / or mixtures thereof, after or before the addition of the vaccine, are soaked in formaldehyde solution, thereby destroying the insect germs and microorganisms. INVENTION 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of formaldehyde in. prepared substrate is from 0.9 to 10 kg per m ³ . 3. A method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that, after soaking in a formaldehyde solution, the inoculated substrate is exposed to a temperature of 15 ° C to 25 ° C for 3 to 24 hours. ·