CN88102530A - 新型除莠剂及其制备和使用 - Google Patents
新型除莠剂及其制备和使用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN88102530A CN88102530A CN88102530.5A CN88102530A CN88102530A CN 88102530 A CN88102530 A CN 88102530A CN 88102530 A CN88102530 A CN 88102530A CN 88102530 A CN88102530 A CN 88102530A
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- Prior art keywords
- salt
- compound
- cornexistin
- formula
- paecilomyces
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Abstract
一种新的命名为“cornexistin”的化合物具有式(I)的结构,此化合物及其相应的开环二元酸及其盐具有除莠和生长调节作用。corne xistin可通过培养拟青霉属的微生物,例如拟青霉SANK21086而进行制备。
Description
本发明涉及一种新的组合物,它含有一种可通过发酵产生的除莠剂。本发明还涉及它的生产方法及用于生产中的新微生物。
据我们所知,最接近的先有技术是称为Rubratoxin B的除莠剂化合物〔M.O.Moss et al.,J.Amer.Chem.Soc.(C),1971,619;G.Büchi et al.,J.Amer.Chem.Soc.(1970),92,6638〕,它可由下式(A)代表:
此化合物据信具有类似于本发明化合物的除莠活性(F.G.Bonderevskaya et al.,Fitotoksich.Svoistva Poshv.Mikroorganizmov.,1978,205-12)。
根据本发明,我们已发现一种新的化合物,它的除莠剂活性比Rubratoxin B有显著提高。
本发明的新化合物现被命名为“Cornexistin”(它起初被命名为“antlercidin”),它可由式(Ⅰ)代表:
此化合物是一种环化内酐,并能在合适条件下形成游离的二元酸,它可由下式(Ⅱ)代表:
此化合物能够形成盐,其中可用于农业的盐也构成本发明的一部分。
本发明还提供了一种用于除莠的农化组合物,它含有有效量的Cornexistin或所述式(Ⅱ)化合物或其盐作为活性成分。
本发明进一步提供了一种制备Cornexistin的方法,即培养拟青霉属(Paecilomyces)中能生产Cornexistin的微生物,并从培养基中分离Cornexistin。
本发明进一步提供了制备式(Ⅱ)化合物(定义如上)的方法,该方法包括用pH在大约4.1以上的水处理Cornexistin。
本发明进一步提供了一种制备式(Ⅱ)化合物(定义如上)的盐的方法,该方法包括用pH在大约4.1以上的碱溶液处理Cornexistin,并从水相介质中分离盐。
本发明的新化合物Cornexistin具有上面式(Ⅰ)所示的结构,它通过发酵进行生产时,可能以式(Ⅰa)所示的异构体形式存在:
或以其对映体存在,但这一点并未得到最后证实。
Cornexistin很难溶于水。但用水处理时,最好是pH值高于4.1的水,更好是pH高于7的水,它很容易转化成上述式(Ⅱ)所代表的酸性物质,此物质可溶于水,并可根据不同的pH形成一元或二元盐。所产生的酸性物质可用不混溶于水的有机溶剂在酸性pH(如pH值为3-4)下萃取,例如用乙酸乙酯萃取。在这种情况下,它回复到由最初的结构式(Ⅰ)代表的Cornexistin。
Cornexistin的物化性质如下:
(1)外观:脂溶性,无色针状晶体;
(2)熔点:100-103℃;
(3)比旋光度:〔α〕23 D+168.3°(C=1.0,CHCl3);
(4)分子式:C16H20O6;
(5)分子量:308;
(6)紫外吸收光谱λmaxnm(E1% 1cm):在甲醇中测定的紫外吸收光谱在238nm处有最大吸收(131);
(7)红外吸收光谱,νmax(KBr)Cm-1:
3400,3300,2900,1850,1820,1760,1710,1640,1440,1300,1260,1220,1160,1060,1000,920,800,760;
(8)1H核磁共振谱,δppm:用TMS(四甲基硅烷)作为内标在重氯仿中测定的1H核磁共振谱(270MHz)如下:
0.93(3H,三重峰);
1.29(2H,多重峰);
1.70(3H,双重峰);
1.90-2.1(2H,多重峰);
2.57(1H,两次分裂的双峰);
3.15(1H,双重峰);
3.4(3H,多重峰);
4.07(1H,双重峰);
5.12(1H,两次分裂的双重峰);
5.85(1H,两次分裂的双重峰)。
(9)溶解性:溶于乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、氯仿;基本上不溶于水;不溶于己烷;
(10)颜色反应:对硫酸和高锰酸钾呈阳性;
(11)薄层层析:Rf=0.43;
吸附剂:5715号硅胶板(Merck公司产品);展开溶剂∶苯∶甲醇∶乙酸=8∶1∶1(体积);
(12)生物活性
Cornexistin具有抑制高等植物种子发芽的活性、除莠活性和植物生长调节作用。
Cornexistin是通过培养拟青霉属的微生物而产生的,所用微生物最好是拟青霉(Paecilomyces variotii),更好是新近分离的本文中称为拟青霉SANK21086的菌株,它也构成本发明的一部分。
新近发现的微生物拟青霉SANK21086是一种半知菌,它是从鹿粪中分离得到的。它的真菌学性质如下。
它在麦芽汁琼脂培养基上生长良好,在24℃培养7天后,菌落直径可达35-43mm。菌落表面的颜色先是呈草黄3B4,表面呈绒状。表面中心突出。随着培养的继续,颜色变为灰黄3C4,表面变为轻度粉状。反面颜色为灰橙5B3。〔上面所用颜色名根据“The Methuen Handbook of Colour”,A.Kornerup和J.H.Wanscher著(1978),Eyre Methuen出版,London,England〕。它在Czapek琼脂培养基上比在麦芽汁琼脂培养基上长得慢些,在24℃培养7天后,菌落直径可达18-22mm。这时,菌落的形状和颜色与麦芽汁琼脂培养基上的相似。虽然它在37℃时很难生长,但仍能观察到分生孢子的形成。
在显微镜下观察,菌丝体具有间隔,几乎无色并具有平滑表面,每根菌丝体的直径为2-5μm。分生孢子梗直接由气生菌丝或基部菌丝形成,每个大小为20-120μm×2.5-4.0μm。分生孢子在产生分生孢子的分枝状瓶梗中形成,这些分枝轮生在分生孢子梗的顶端;或在几乎不分枝的菌丝上形成的瓶梗中形成。瓶梗具有光滑表面,每个大小为10-40μm×2.5-4.0μm,顶端呈现线性管状。分生孢子为浅褐色,具有光滑表面,长链状,呈现类球形至卵圆形,每个大小为3-5.5μm×2-4μm。
将SANK21086的这些性质与已知菌株相比较,发现与R.A.Samson〔“Studies in Mycology”NO.6(1974),C.B.S.出版,14页〕和A.H.S.Brown与G.Smith〔“Transactions of the British Mycological Society”,Vo1.40(1957),40页〕所述的拟青霉的性质很一致。因此,SANK 21086被鉴定为拟青霉。SANK21086菌株于1987年4月24日根据布达佩斯条约的要求寄存于日本国际商业和工业部工业科技署的发酵研究所,寄存号为FERMBP-1351。
已经确定SANK21086菌株能产生Cornexistin。但是,正如人们所熟知的,这种微生物的性质会有很大的变化,这种微生物很容易通过天然原因和人工诱导而发生突变。因此,本发明的方法包括所有这种微生物的使用(尤其是所有半知菌),它们可归入拟青霉属,并具有与新菌株SANK21086相同的能够产生Cornexistin的特性。
根据本发明,为产生Cornexistin而对拟青霉属的微生物尤其是拟青霉的菌株所进行的培养,可在培养半知菌的常规条件下进行,最好是在液体培养基中进行,并最好加以振荡或搅动和通气。用于培养的营养介质完全是常规的,并含有半知菌培养中常用的成份。具体地说,培养基最好应含有一种可同化的碳源,合适的例子包括葡萄糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖、甘露醇、糖蜜、甘油、糊精、淀粉(正如对大多数半知菌一样,这种微生物的一种特别合适的淀粉源是新鲜土豆)、豆油和棉籽油;一种可同化的氮源,合适的例子包括大豆粉、花生粉、棉籽粉、Fermamine、鱼粉、玉米浸液、蛋白胨、肉膏、酵母(如压榨酵母)、酵母提取液、硝酸钠、硝酸铵或硫酸铵;以及一种或多种无机盐,例如氯化钠、磷酸盐、碳酸钙和(如果需要的话)微量金属盐类。在液体培养基中进行培养时,通常最好在培养基中加入一种消泡剂(例如硅酮油、植物油或合适的表面活性剂)。
进行培养的培养基的pH范围最好从弱酸性至基本中性,温度从20至30℃,更好是大约24℃。
可通过多种在微生物培养中监测生物活性物质生产的常规技术监测培养过程中Cornexistin的产生,对此几乎不需要在本文中详细描述。一种合适的技术是测定培养基对敏感植物的除莠活性,例如稗子〔Echinochloa Crus-galli(L.)P.BEAUV.〕。
Cornexistin的生产量通常在培养进行了150-200小时后达到最大值,显然,从培养基中分离Cornexistin的时间最好不要晚于达到此最大值之时。但根据培养的条件和技术,此期间可以不同,根据情况较短和较长的期间都可能是适宜的。正确的培养时间可以很容易地通过常规实验临时测定,例如使用上述合适的监测技术。
Cornexistin多半都存在于培养基的液体部分,因此可通过除去固体物质(包括菌丝体)而回收,例如通过过滤,最好是使用如硅藻土作为助滤剂,或者通过离心。然后可利用其特殊的物化性质,通过常规技术从分离的液体部分回收之,如果需要则进行纯化。
最好是使用吸附剂将Cornexistin从液体部分的其它产品中分离出来,或者吸附杂质,或者吸附Cornexistin,或者是分别或一起吸附二者后洗脱Cornexistin。可以使用范围很广的吸附剂;我们发现特别合适的例子包括:活性碳;树脂吸附剂例如Amberlite(注册商标)XAD-2、XAD-4或XAD-7(Rohm and Haas产品)和Diaion(注册商标)HP10、HP20、CHP20或HP50(Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Co.,ltd,产品)。存在于液体部分的杂质可通过如下方法去掉:使含有Cornexistin的溶液通过一种或多种上述吸附剂的薄层或柱,或使Cornexistin吸附在一种或多种吸附剂上,然后用合适的洗脱剂洗脱Cornexistin。合适的洗脱剂包括甲醇、丙酮或丁醇与水的混合物。
另外,可用不混溶于水的有机溶剂在中性至酸性条件从培养基滤液或培养基水溶液中直接萃取Cornexistin,有机溶剂例如氯仿、乙酸乙酯或丁醇,单独的或任意两种或多种的混合物。然后进行纯化。
这样得到的Cornexistin可通过各种方法进一步纯化。合适的方法包括利用载体如硅胶或Florisil进行吸附柱层析,利用纤维素产品如Avicel(Asahi Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.产品的注册商标)或Sephadex LH-20(瑞典Pharmacia产品的注册商标)进行分配柱层析,或利用普通柱或反相柱进行液相层析。含有Cornexistin的液体部分中存在的杂质也可通过下述方法除去:将杂质吸附在各种阳离子交换树脂(强的或弱的)上,例如Dowex 50W(Dow Chemical Co.,Ltd.产品的注册商标)或Amberlite IRC-50(Rohm and Haas产品的注册商标),或吸附在阴离子交换树脂上(如Dowex 1或Diaion WA10)。为了得到具有上述物化性质的纯Cornexistin,可以使用这些纯化技术中的单独一种或它们的任意组合。
本发明的化合物施用于植物时,能够抑制种子发芽,调节植物生长并具有除莠活性。因此,相信这些化合物通过出芽前的土壤处理或阔叶或窄叶杂草和树木的叶片处理,有可能适用于植物生长调节和除草。
本发明的化合物Cornexistin表现出除莠作用。正如后面的实验1、2和3所清楚证实的那样,此化合物无论是出芽前还是出芽后处理都对各种杂草具有优良的除莠作用。尤其是,它可用作叶片处理的除莠剂。式(Ⅱ)化合物及其盐类(其中Cornexistin分子的环是打开的)也表现出除莠作用,并可用作除莠剂。
本发明的农化组合物不论是用作除莠剂还是植物生长调节剂,都可含有单独的Cornexistin或Cornexistin与载体和/或佐剂的混合物。该组合物可制成农化领域内任何常规的形式,例如,它可配制成粉剂、粗粉剂、颗粒、微颗粒、可湿性粉剂、水溶性粉剂或液体制剂。当然,组合物中不必使用完全纯化的Cornexistin,并且,纯化过程当然可在任一步中止,所得到的粗制品可作为组合物的活性成分使用。
这种组合物中所用的载体可以是合成的或天然的、有机或无机物质,将它们与本发明的化合物混合以使得活性成分更易于贮存、运输和操作,并促进活性组分转运至植物中。载体可以是固体或液体。固体载体的实例包括无机物如:粘土、滑石、硅藻土、高岭土、膨润土、碳酸钙、石膏、合成的沉淀硅、硅镁土、沸石或浮石;合成和天然树脂如香豆树脂(Cumarone resin)、聚酯树脂、聚氯乙烯、酯胶或黄原胶(Xanthan gum);蜡例如巴西棕榈蜡或石蜡;以及其他有机物如坚果壳(例如核桃或其他坚果的壳)或大豆粉。液态载体的实例包括:水;醇类如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇或乙二醇;以及碳氢化合物如二甲苯、甲基萘和溶剂石脑油。
组合物中含有表面活性剂时,表面活性剂可以是离子型或非离子型的,它被用来促进分散、湿润或组合物的扩散。阴离子表面活性剂的实例包括:高级脂肪酸的盐,即皂类,例如油酸钠;盐类,例如磺酸的钠盐和钙盐,以及酸本身,例如木质素磺酸,十二烷基苯磺酸钠或二烷基磺基琥珀酸钠;盐类,例如聚氧乙烯烷基芳基醚硫酸或聚氧乙烯烷基醚硫酸的钠、铵和胺盐或其游离酸;或聚氧乙烯烷基芳基醚硫酸或聚氧乙烯烷基磷酸的盐类。阳离子表面活性剂的实例包括高级脂肪族胺及环氧乙烷与这种胺的缩合物,四级铵盐,例如氯化物,N-烷基胺乙酸盐和N-氧化烷基胺。两性表面活性剂包括甜菜碱和氨基酸型表面活性剂。非离子型表面活性剂的实例包括:脂肪酸的甘油酯和蔗糖酯、环氧乙烷与高级脂肪醇的缩合物、环氧乙烷与烷基苯酚或烷基萘酚的缩合物、高级脂肪酸的酰胺或乙氧基化的酰胺、脱水山梨醇或乙氧基化的脱水山梨醇的高级脂肪酸酯、硼酸甘油或乙氧基化的硼酸甘油的高级脂肪酸酯,以及环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物。
如果需要,本发明的农化组合物还可含有其他成分,例如:保护性胶体,如明胶、阿拉伯胶、酪蛋白、聚乙烯醇或羧甲基纤维素;分散剂,如多磷酸钠;无机分散剂,如膨润土或铝硅酸镁盐(veegum);稳定剂;粘合剂;以及抗冻剂。为了具有更广泛的用途和节省劳力,如果需要,本发明的组合物可以与一种或多种其他农化试剂结合在一起,例如杀真菌剂、杀虫剂、除莠剂、植物生长调节剂和肥料。
下面的非限制性实例进一步说明Cornexistin及其游离酸形式和盐类的制备。随后的“制备”部分说明含有Cornexistin的制剂的制备,随后的“实验”部分说明Cornexistin的活性。
实例1
将一环生长的拟青霉SANK21086接种入加有隔板的500ml培养瓶中,其中含有80ml具有如下组成的培养基,利用旋转摇床以200rpm于26℃培养168小时。
培养基成分:
甘油 50g
新鲜土豆 50g
酵母提取液 5g
麦芽汁 5g
去离子水 1升
(pH=6.0)
在25个500ml的隔板瓶中,每瓶接种0.5ml所得到的种子培养物,每个瓶中含有80ml与上面相同的培养基,利用旋转摇床以200rpm于26℃培养微生物192小时。
得到的培养液共有2升,合并后加入200g Celite545(美国Johns Manville Products Corp.产品的商标)助滤剂。使产生的混合物过滤,得到1.7升滤液(pH6.0)。使滤液通过装有300ml Diaion HP20(Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Co.)的柱以吸附活性物质。然后,此活性物质用1升去离子水洗涤,然后用1升80%V/V的丙酮水溶液洗脱,得到1升洗脱液。使这1升洗脱液通过减压蒸发而浓缩,然后冰冻干燥,产生3g含有活性化合物的粗粉。将2.7g此粗粉溶于400ml去离子水中,将溶液的pH值调至2.5。然后萃取两次,每次用400ml乙酸乙酯,得到800ml含有Cornexistin的乙酸乙酯溶液。将该乙酸乙酯溶液洗涤两次,每次用300ml 0.1M磷酸氢二钠水溶液,然后再洗涤两次,每次用300ml饱和的氯化钠水溶液。然后,溶液用无水硫酸钠干燥,然后通过减压蒸发使之浓缩,得到650mg含有
Cornexistin的油状物质。
将此油状物质溶于乙酸乙酯和氯仿1∶1(体积)的混合物中,然后通过装有150ml Sephadex LH-20的柱(已预先用体积比为1∶1的乙酸乙酯和氯仿混合液平衡)进行层析,使之吸附。然后用同样的混合溶剂洗脱。洗脱液以10ml为一组分分步收集,收集含有Cornexistin的组分(组分22-28),通过减压蒸发而浓缩,得到100mg纯度约为70%的Cornexistin。
实例2
重复与实例1所述相同的培养程序,得到1.8升培养物滤液。将此滤液的pH值调至2.5,然后萃取2次,每次用1.5升乙酸乙酯,得到3升含有Cornexistin的乙酸乙酯溶液。将此溶液洗涤两次,每次用1升0.1M磷酸氢二钠水溶液,然后再洗涤两次,每次用1升饱和的氯化钠水溶液。溶液用无水硫酸钠干燥,然后通过减压蒸发而浓缩,得到700mg油状物质。使此油状物质通过装有80ml Saphadex LH-20(Pharmacia Co.)的柱(已预先用体积比为1∶1的乙酸乙酯和氯仿混合液平衡),使之吸附并展开。然后用相同的混合溶剂洗脱。洗脱液以10ml为一组分分步收集,收集含有Cornexistin的组分(组分13-18),通过减压蒸发而浓缩。使浓缩物再通过同样的Sephadex LH-20柱进行层析。洗脱和分步收集后,得到290mg油状物质。
然后,利用反相柱使所有这种部分纯化的油状物质通过高效液相层析进一步纯化。更具体地说,将样品注射入反相柱中〔(YMC;S-343 CI-15ODS)Yamamura Chemical Industries Co.,Ltd.〕,该柱已预先用40%V/V乙腈水溶液平衡。通过监测240nm处的UV吸收,使样品展开,并以5ml/分钟的流速用同样的混合溶剂洗脱,收集在30-39分之间洗脱的各组分。此方法重复三次,得到185mg纯度约为90%的Cornexistin。
实例3
将一环生长的拟青霉SANK21086接种入500ml的隔板瓶中,其中含有80ml与实例1所述相同的培养基,利用旋转摇床以200rpm于26℃培养144小时。然后,在两个30升的发酵罐中,每个接种75ml所得到的培养液,每个罐中含有15升与上述相同的培养基,在26℃下培养微生物192小时,同时伴以速率为15升/分的通气和150-180rpm的搅动。将这样得到的25升培养液与1kg作为助滤剂的Celite(商标)545混合并过滤。将所得到的19升滤液的pH值调至2.5,用19升乙酸乙酯萃取,然后再用9.5升乙酸乙酯萃取,得到总共大约28升的乙酸乙酯萃取液。将萃取液洗涤三次,每次用5升0.1M磷酸氢二钠水溶液,然后再洗涤两次,每次用5升饱和的氯化钠水溶液。洗涤后的萃取液用无水硫酸钠干燥,然后通过减压蒸发而浓缩,得到2.02g油状物质。将所有这种油状物质溶于体积比为1∶1的乙酸乙酯和氯仿混合液中,使之通过装有500ml Sephadex LH-20的柱(已预先用相同的混合溶剂平衡)进行层析,使之吸附并展开,然后用相同的混合溶剂洗脱。洗脱液以20ml为一组分分步收集,收集含有Cornexistin的各组分(组分35-52)。通过减压蒸发浓缩后得到7.56g油状物质。将所有这种油状物质溶于10ml二氯甲烷中,使之置于室温下,产生3.7g Cornexistin的无色针状晶体。
实例4
将Cornexistin溶于10%(V/V)乙醇水溶液中,用1N氢氧化钠水溶液滴定。它表现出4.1和5.95两个pKa值,表明酐型的Cornexistin〔式(Ⅰ)〕已转变成式(Ⅱ)的开环游离酸。
实例5 Cornexistin的单钠盐和二钠盐的制备
将如实例1-3所述制备的Cornexistin悬浮在水中,通过加入1N氢氧化钠水溶液将pH值调至6.1(对于单钠盐)或7.95(对于二钠盐)。Cornexistin被溶解,然后使产生的溶液部分蒸发,除去大部分水。然后冷冻干燥除去剩余的水,则得到Cornexistin的单钠盐或二钠盐。
单钠盐:
〔α〕23 D+63.13°(C=1.15,水)
FAB质谱:349(M+H)+
(FAB是指快原子轰击)
紫外吸收光谱(H2O)λmaxnm:
235(肩峰)
红外吸收光谱(KBr)νmaxCm-1:
3400,2960,1705,1564,1450,1440,1050,1010。
1H核磁共振谱(270MHz,D2O)δppm:
0.68(3H,三重峰);
1.05-1.21(3H,多重峰);
1.49(3H,双重峰);
1.59(1H,多重峰);
2.62(1H,两次分裂的双重峰);
2.75(1H,两次分裂的三重峰);
2.85(2H,两次分裂的双重峰);
3.22(1H,两次分裂的双重峰);
4.00(1H,双重峰);
4.90(1H,两次分裂的双重峰);
5.46(1H,两次分裂的双重峰)。
二钠盐:
〔α〕23 D+61.15°(C=1.22,水)
FAB质谱:371(M+H)+
紫外吸收光谱(H2O)λmaxnm:
235(肩峰)
红外吸收光谱(KBr)νmaxCm-1
3400,2960,1705,1562,1450,1400,1050,1010。
1H核磁共振谱(270MHZ,D2O)δppm:
0.68(3H,三重峰);
1.05-1.22(3H,多重峰);
1.49(3H,双重峰);
1.58(1H,多重峰);
2.62(1H,两次分裂的双重峰);
2.72(1H,两次分裂的三重峰);
2.85(2H,两次分裂的双重峰);
3.22(1H,两次分裂的双重峰);
4.01(1H,双重峰)
4.89(1H,两次分裂的双重峰);
5.44(1H,两次分裂的双重峰)。
下面的“制备”部分说明农化制剂的制备。此后,所有的“份”都是指重量的份数。
制备1 颗粒
将一份Cornexistin溶于10份甲醇中,将此溶液吸附在99份已预先通过10-48目的筛子(Tyler标准目)进行了筛分的浮石粒上。通过甲醇挥发而使混合物干燥,得到含有1%W/W Cornexistin的颗粒。
制备2 可湿性粉剂
使10份Cornexistin、3份十二烷基苯磺酸钠、2份聚乙烯醇、20份硅藻土和65份粘土混合,使其粉碎得到可湿性粉剂。
制备3 可湿性粉剂
将50份Cornexistin、2份聚氧乙烯壬基苯基醚、10份合成硅和38份硫酸铵混合,使其粉碎得到可湿性粉剂。
制备4 液体制剂
将10份Cornexistin和2份十二烷基硫酸钠混合,溶于88份甲醇中得到液体制剂。
制剂5 可乳化浓缩物
将10份Cornexistin溶于75份二甲苯中,然后加入15份Paracol KPS(Nippon Nyukazai Co.,Ltd.),整体混合得到可乳化的浓缩物。
下述实验说明本发明除莠化合物的活性。
实验1 对稗子幼苗的除莠作用
将一个试管(10×100mm)的底部垫上高约5mm的吸水棉。用1ml水使棉层浸透。将大约10粒稗子种子〔Echinochloa Crus-galli(L.)P.BEAUV.〕置于棉层上,使之在温室中生长至高约80mm。通过稀释10%W/V的Cornexistin乙醇溶液而制备各种浓度的Cornexistin水溶液。这样制备的每种水溶液以0.01%重量的量与一种New Gramin铺展剂(Sankyo Co.,Ltd.)混合,将所得到的组合物喷洒在叶片上。处理后的稗子在温室中放置约10天,然后评价各种浓度的化合物的除莠作用。
Cornexistin对稗子的最小除莠浓度测定为50μg/ml。
实验2 叶片处理的除莠试验
在几个长7.5cm,宽20cm,高7cm的塑料盆中装上土壤,在上面播种8种植物,包括4种禾本科杂草和4种阔叶杂草,每个覆盖深约1cm的土壤。将盆埋入盒子装的蛭石中,将盒子置于温室长櫈上。通过蛭石间接供水,使杂草生长大约2周。此期间结束时,直接对杂草叶片施用Cornexistin或其钠盐的不同浓度的样品溶液(预先制成“制备2”所述的可湿性粉剂的形式),每盒用量为5ml。观察施用除莠剂后发生的所有变化,14天后检查植物并确定效果。结果示于表1(Cornexistin)和表2(Cornexistin的单钠盐)。所报道的除莠效果是根据下述标准:
经处理的杂草相对于未处理杂草受伤害叶片面积的百分比:
程度
0-10% 0
11-30% 1
31-50% 2
51-70% 3
71-90% 4
91-100% 5
表1
Cornexistin叶片处理的效果
杂草 浓度(活性成分ppm)
500 100
禾本科 大狗尾草 5 5
(Setaria faberi HERRM)
杂草 大马唐 5 4
(Diqitaria sanquinalis(L.)SCOP.)
石茅高粱 5 5
(Sorqhum halepense(L.)PERS.)
稗子 5 2
阔叶 高朝颜花 5 4
(Ipomoea purpurea(L.)ROTH)
杂草 龙葵 e 5 5
(Solanum niqrum L.)
绒毛叶 5 5
(Abutilon theophrasti MEDIK)
苍耳 5 5
(Xanthium pennsylvanicum MALLR)
表2
Cornexistin单钠盐叶片处理的效果
杂草 浓度(活性成分ppm)
500 100
禾本科 大狗尾草 5 4
杂草 大马唐 4 2
石茅高粱 4 3
稗子 4 2
阔叶 高朝颜花 5 3
杂草
龙葵 5 5
绒毛叶 5 5
苍耳 5 5
作为比较,在同样的条件下,Rubratoxin B对于禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草的活性分别为0和1.5。
实验3 出芽前土壤处理试验
在几个长7.5cm,宽20cm,高7cm的塑料盆中装上土壤,在上面播种8种植物,包括4种禾本科杂草和4种阔叶杂草,每个覆盖深约1cm的土壤。将这些塑料盆置于盒子内的蛭石上,将盒子置于温室长櫈上。播种后的第二天,用根据实验2所述制备的不同浓度的Cornexistin样品溶液处理每盆的土壤表面,每盆使用15cm。20天后,检查植物并确定效果。表3给出了结果。除莠效果的评价是根据下述标准:
经处理的杂草相对于未处理杂草的生长抑制百分比:
程度
0-10% 0
11-30% 1
31-50% 2
51-70% 3
71-90% 4
91-100% 5
表3
Cornexistin出芽前土壤处理的效果
杂草 剂量(活性成分Kg/ha)
4 2
禾本科 大狗尾草 5 4
杂草 大马唐 4 3
石茅高粱 4 2
稗子 4 3
阔叶 高朝颜花 4 3
杂草 龙葵 3 3
绒毛叶 5 5
苍耳 3 2
Claims (18)
3、一种根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中所述的微生物是拟青霉的产生Cornexistin的菌株。
4、一种根据权利要求3的方法,其中所述的微生物是拟青霉SANK 21086。
5、一种根据前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其中的培养在20-30℃的温度范围内进行。
6、一种根据权利要求5的方法,其中的培养在大约24℃下进行。
7、一种制备如权利要求2所定义的式(Ⅱ)化合物的方法,该方法包括用pH约为4.1以上的水处理,如权利要求1所定义的式(Ⅰ)化合物。
8、一种制备如权利要求2所定义的式(Ⅱ)化合物的盐的方法,该方法包括用一种pH约在4.1以上的碱水溶液处理如权利要求1所定义的式(Ⅰ)化合物,并从水相介质中分离盐。
9、一种根据权利要求8的方法,其中的pH约为6.1,以形成一种一元盐。
10、一种根据权利要求8的方法,其中的pH约为7.95,以形成一种二元盐。
11、一种根据权利要求9的方法,其中的碱水溶液含有一种碱性钠化合物,以制备所述式(Ⅱ)化合物的单钠盐。
12、一种根据权利要求10的方法,其中的碱水溶液含有一种碱性钠化合物,以制备所述式(Ⅱ)化合物的二钠盐。
13、一种用于除莠的农化组合物,包括有效量的如权利要求1所定义的一种式(Ⅰ)化合物。
14、一种用于除莠的农化组合物,包括有效量的如权利要求2所定义的一种式(Ⅱ)化合物,或其可用于农业的盐。
15、一种根据权利要求14的组合物,其中所述盐是钠盐。
16、一种根据权利要求15的组合物,其中所述盐是单钠盐。
17、一种根据权利要求15的组合物,其中所述盐是二钠盐。
18、拟青霉SANK21086。
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JP10397687 | 1987-04-27 | ||
JP103976/87 | 1987-04-27 |
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CN88102530A true CN88102530A (zh) | 1988-12-07 |
CN1028712C CN1028712C (zh) | 1995-06-07 |
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US (2) | US4897104A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0290193B1 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR960012212B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1028712C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE82327T1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1328632C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE3875792T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2052714T3 (zh) |
GR (1) | GR3006793T3 (zh) |
HU (1) | HU200798B (zh) |
RU (1) | RU1834639C (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA882931B (zh) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105007729A (zh) * | 2012-12-31 | 2015-10-28 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 包含cornexistin的除草组合物 |
CN105072902A (zh) * | 2012-12-31 | 2015-11-18 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 除草组合物 |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5424278A (en) * | 1994-03-01 | 1995-06-13 | Dowelanco | Hydroxycornexistin |
JPH10143977A (ja) | 1996-09-10 | 1998-05-29 | Sony Corp | ディスク装置およびそれを用いたビデオカメラ装置 |
US9066516B2 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2015-06-30 | Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. | Uses of thaxtomin and thaxtomin compositions as herbicides |
US8822381B2 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2014-09-02 | Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. | Uses of thaxtomin and thaxtomin compositions as herbicides |
US8476195B2 (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2013-07-02 | Marrone Bio Innovations | Uses of thaxtomin and thaxtomin compositions as herbicides |
US9968085B2 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2018-05-15 | Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. | Uses of thaxtomin and thaxtomin compositions as herbicides |
TW201038557A (en) * | 2009-04-16 | 2010-11-01 | Marrone Bio Innovations Inc | Use of thaxtomin for selective control of rice and aquatic based weeds |
AU2013349330C1 (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2019-11-14 | Basf Se | Gene cluster for biosynthesis of cornexistin and hydroxycornexistin |
US9796992B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2017-10-24 | Basf Se | Gene cluster for biosynthesis of cornexistin and hydroxycornexistin |
US8993762B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-03-31 | Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. | Total synthesis of thaxtomin A analogues and their intermediates |
WO2015150465A2 (en) | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-08 | Basf Se | Plants having increased tolerance to herbicides |
WO2015197392A1 (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2015-12-30 | Basf Se | Herbicidal compositions comprising cornexistin and/or hydroxycornexistin |
ES2684858B1 (es) * | 2017-03-31 | 2019-07-09 | Univ Almeria | Nueva cepa de Paecilomyces variotii, composiciones y aplicaciones de la misma |
EP3714959A1 (en) | 2019-03-29 | 2020-09-30 | Basf Se | Isolation of small molecules from the fermentation broth of a eukaryotic microorganism |
-
1988
- 1988-04-21 US US07/184,409 patent/US4897104A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-04-26 RU SU4355637A patent/RU1834639C/ru active
- 1988-04-26 ZA ZA882931A patent/ZA882931B/xx unknown
- 1988-04-26 CA CA000565118A patent/CA1328632C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-04-27 KR KR1019880004800A patent/KR960012212B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-04-27 ES ES88303813T patent/ES2052714T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-04-27 DE DE8888303813T patent/DE3875792T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-04-27 AT AT88303813T patent/ATE82327T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-04-27 EP EP88303813A patent/EP0290193B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-04-27 CN CN88102530A patent/CN1028712C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-04-28 HU HU882101A patent/HU200798B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1989
- 1989-11-13 US US07/435,695 patent/US4990178A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1993
- 1993-01-14 GR GR930400048T patent/GR3006793T3/el unknown
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105007729A (zh) * | 2012-12-31 | 2015-10-28 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 包含cornexistin的除草组合物 |
CN105072902A (zh) * | 2012-12-31 | 2015-11-18 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 除草组合物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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HU200798B (en) | 1990-08-28 |
GR3006793T3 (zh) | 1993-06-30 |
ATE82327T1 (de) | 1992-11-15 |
CN1028712C (zh) | 1995-06-07 |
KR960012212B1 (ko) | 1996-09-16 |
DE3875792T2 (de) | 1993-04-29 |
ES2052714T3 (es) | 1994-07-16 |
KR880012580A (ko) | 1988-11-28 |
ZA882931B (en) | 1989-12-27 |
RU1834639C (ru) | 1993-08-15 |
EP0290193A1 (en) | 1988-11-09 |
US4990178A (en) | 1991-02-05 |
US4897104A (en) | 1990-01-30 |
CA1328632C (en) | 1994-04-19 |
EP0290193B1 (en) | 1992-11-11 |
DE3875792D1 (de) | 1992-12-17 |
HUT48307A (en) | 1989-05-29 |
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