CN87108163A - 电加热零件的温度增高的引导和控制方法 - Google Patents

电加热零件的温度增高的引导和控制方法 Download PDF

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CN87108163A
CN87108163A CN87108163.6A CN87108163A CN87108163A CN 87108163 A CN87108163 A CN 87108163A CN 87108163 A CN87108163 A CN 87108163A CN 87108163 A CN87108163 A CN 87108163A
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temperature
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马克斯·约斯包姆
希里·彼卡特
简·索罗恩
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Engie SA
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    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
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    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
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    • G05D23/19Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
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    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
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    • B29C66/522Joining tubular articles
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    • B29C66/91221Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
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    • B29C66/96Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
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    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00Programme-control systems
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    • G05B19/04Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/12Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using record carriers
    • G05B19/128Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using record carriers the workpiece itself serves as a record carrier, e.g. by its form, by marks or codes on it
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
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Abstract

本发明是通过自动控制机引导并控制电加热零件的温度增高。电加热零件附含有引导和控制加热的有用参数的标识卡。自动控制机包括卡读出装置和确定的加热程序运行装置。将标识卡分成若干个区,给某些区输入除上述参数外的和这些参数有关的补充信息,经读出装置记录参数及有关的信息,并规定对这些参数中至少某些参数作一些变换,变换是由某些其他有关区根据其中所含的信息引起的。本发明主要用于控制塑料零件间的焊接。

Description

本发明的内容是一种用自动控制机控制电加热零件温度增高的方法。
本发明所用方法主要用来自动实现塑料零件间的焊接。
例如,如果对气体分配方面感兴趣,就会注意到:现在越来越广泛地使用塑料管,主要用于构成分配网,这就涉及到管子之间接合时的某些要求。因为这些管子实际上不大适于粘合,如果要确保接合完好,满足一切所要求的安全条件,必须将管子热焊接。
然而,目前市场上有好些这种零件的制造商,其零件主要用聚乙烯塑料制成,供接合之用。实际上,每个制造商都制订出自己的在最佳条件下焊接零件的规程。因此,用户要使用来自不同制造商的或者属于同一制造商、但已改变系列的零件时,就面临一些问题:根据用户所用的材料类型来修改或改编化自己的焊接标准的问题。
为了能够焊接,或者说的更通常一点,能够控制零件的温度,不管所使用的材料的类型如何,已提出一种方法,按照此方法:
-将要控制的零件与含有对控制有用的参数的一标识卡附在一起;
-给自动控制机加读出上述卡的装置和根据读出的上述参数、在自动控制机上有受控加热程序的执行装置。
此种方法,显然与8416691号法国专利证申请的方法一致,该申请书于1984年10月31日,由本申请人提交。
本申请书所述的方法和自动控制机可以有效地避免每个制造者的备用零件和技术指标经常保留在当日清单上所带来的困难,因为零件已标识适合使用。然而,此方法和自动控制机专门用于塑料零件间的自动焊接。
本发明的方法主要用于此目的,具有同样的优越性,一般说来,为使控制零件加热所用参数正好适应于所遇到的实际使用条件时,这种方法亦可用来确定和控制这些参数。
更具体地说,本发明的方法的特征在于:
-将零件标识卡分成若干个不同区,对其中至少有些区,除了输入上述控制参数外,还输入一些补充信息,其中至少有些信息又至少与当中的一个参数有联系。
-通过读出装置,记录每个区的参数和/或区中所含的信息,而这要按确定的顺序连续进行。
-规定从相应的区读出的上述参数至少有些要经过变换,而这些变换由其他有关区里的某些区,根据其中所含的补充信息引起的。
举一个例子说明,本发明的方法的优越性就更加清楚。
如果应用本发明来焊接两个塑料管,常常用套筒将管子接合,套筒内表面有一电线圈,在进行焊接时,将线圈按一电源,电源给线圈加热,并且使套筒和管子的塑料熔合。
现在让我们考虑“套筒电阻R”参数(因此参数和由厂商赋予电阻R的值至少要被输入到标识卡的一规定区)。
实际上,此参数之值,主要随两个标准值而变:
一方面,是制作套筒电阻元件的容差,
另一方面,是与电阻线种类有关的、并随温度而变的其欧姆值的变化值。
实际上,这两个标准值将影响套筒的理论欧姆值,此套筒放置在不同于平均参考温度的环境温度下(例如20℃)。
然而,在标识卡的相应区表示的“电阻”参数值等于此理论欧姆值。
为了“改正”由自动控制机的控制和加热程序执行装置所要计算的电阻值,但此情况,要根据上述而影响标准值的累加来确定容差。
对20℃电阻理论值和在实际的加热和控制条件下此电阻的有效值之间所作的比较进行计算时,要计算规定容差,此容差亦输入到标识卡的一规定区内,例如,用允许误差百分比表示。
要注意,对于有些参数,此真值可通过标识卡一外部装置,如探头或传感器,给出并输入到自动控制机的模拟/逻辑单元里。
与此例有关,本发明的方法规定使用:
-标识卡外部装置,用来在零件上至少直接记录引导和控制此零件加热的一有用附加参数。
-将此附加参数输入到自动控制机里的装置。
同时此方法还规定:
-在输入到标识卡里的参数中至少有些参数被看作参考参数,
-此标识卡所含的补充信息中至少有些信息,根据已记录的附加参数之值,对与补充信息相关的上述参考参数有影响,以便给自动控制机的控制和加热程序执行装置提供一校正参数,以校正参数把在地面上遇到的实际条件考虑在内。
下面要进行的说明,使本发明更加一目了然。
因本发明的方法主要用来对两个零件之间进行可控焊接,本说明将引用此发明的具体应用作为非限制性例子。
在开场白中,已经说明,两个元件,如聚乙烯管,可以用一个也是用聚乙烯制的套筒连接,可在两管的两个接合处,对此套管进行跨接式热焊接。一般地说,两馈电端可接入套筒电线圈端头。正如前面引用的8416691号法国专利申请书所说,实现两个管子和套筒的良好焊接,需要提高温度多少度,主要取决于套筒的特性,特别是取决于下列参数:套筒直径、套筒内壁厚度,集成电线圈电阻等等。
在套筒连接或附带的一标记板或标识卡上示出所有参数,这些参数限定焊接程序执行条件,即升温加热和控制程序执行条件(温度升高主要取决于电加热的时间和功率)。此标记板可以是条式代码型(用光笔或激光读出)。
在上面提到的法国申请书里,规定用一支光笔连接一模拟/逻辑处理单元,可以将标识数据输入到自控机里。
此外,还备有记录一附加参数的一外部装置。此装置由一热探头构成,其温度传感器用来测定在焊接开始时零件的实际有效温度。热探头连接自控机,可将这个附加温度参数输入到此自控机的处理单元里。
焊接程序(即可控加热程序)执行装置,则由一编程电路构成,此编程电路根据标识卡和热探头给出的参数测定要使用的焊接程序的特性。此焊接程序控制连接处理单元的一焊接电源的调节,以便给要焊接的零件施加所需的规定电能。
虽然,本发明的方法,在应用到有关焊接上时,使用的是前面提到的申请书所述的自控机中规定的通用结构和装置,但在后面将不会对此加以介绍,因为它们并不构成本发明所述的内容。
如果需要作更详细的了解,可以参阅本申请书。
本发明的方法,以刚刚提到的装置为基础,它的特殊之处在于:它要求将附带要加热零件的标识卡分成几个不同的区,至少在其中的某些区里,除了输入引导和控制加热有用的上述参数外,还输入与这些参数有关的,并能影响这些参数的补充信息。
然后,此时用光笔记录在不同的区所含的参数和/或信息,而这个要按一定的顺序连续进行。
此外,在调整参数,即在修正参数时,要使输入到标识卡里的补充信息影响与它有关的这些参数。
在有关应用中,甚至规定,在输入的参数中至少有一个(如零件的理论电阻值)被看作参考参数,并且依据一个有关区里的与之有联系的信息和一附加参数之值(如电阻和实际温度值),来“调节”这个参数,这样,就给自控机的控制程序的执行装置提供一改正的参数。
实际上,调节参数由所使用的电加热功率、提供的电流强度和电压,加热时间以及要加热和要控制的零件的理论温度和/或实际温度所构成。
为了使说明更加清楚,还是举例子,一方面示出可以使用的标识卡的结构,另一方面,与此结构相联系,示出它的一般工作原理。
所考虑的标识卡是24个字符条式代码。它可用于动光笔读出。调节参数或受控参数是电压,电流强度或给出的电加热的功率,提供此电压、电流强度或功率的时间及零件温度。
标识卡所含的24个字符分布在九个主要不同的区。第一区包括头八个字符,根据标识卡所含的信息或根据一外部参数(如探头记录的温度),一方面可以确定零件制造商的代号,另一方面,可以输入识别、控制零件及选择参数改正方式有用的补充信息。
第二区包括三个字符,用来规定有关零件的直径。
第三区包括一个字符,用来规定零件制造商预定的调节方式,此调节可通过控制电压,电流强度或者功率来实现。
此字符之值亦可确定要检查加热零件(此处是套筒)一规定参数的理论值时自控机所使用的单位。
第四区包括两个字符,这两个字符可以测定已在上一区里规定的额定调整值。
第五区包括三个字符,此三字符或者符合在制作时取得的一参数的平均值,或者符合用来建立实际控制值的一理论值,实际上它将由自控机的程序来使用,以检验套筒的一规定参数(以后还要提到这一点)。
总之,可以认为,此区可确定第三区里确定的套筒的特性之值,此特性代替参考参数。
第六区包括一个字符,此字符可确定一校正系数。此校正系数,构成输入到标识卡里的一补充信息,用来对记入第五区里的参数值进行“校正”,而这或者要根据一计算单元计算的一附加参数来进行,或者在有关情况下要根据由热探头给出的一外部参数来进行。
第七区包括三个字符,规定预定的加热时间。此时,时间用秒或用分表示。
第八区包括两个字符,根据零件的温度(由热探头计算或记入)此两个字符确定要对时间、电压或加热功率进行校正之值。
最后,第九区仅有一字符,它的赋予值为已知数,构成控制数或正常读出标识卡的键。
根据标识卡结构的第一次介绍可以得出,可执行检验程序,检验有关零件的一特性或它的规定参数,即进行校正,使所用电源提供的能量适合有关零件,以使零件达到适当的和理想的温度。
现在比较详细地连续介绍标识卡不同区的结构以及它们的相互作用原理。
第一区
此区的八个字符可以表示:
1.制造商代号,用两个数字表示。
要注意,制造商代号用来检验所用零件的出处。
2.每个奇数字符1,3,5,7,可在给有关字符增加一规定任意值(此值选定为0,3或6)时,用来给标识卡里输入一补充信息。
此时:
-第一字符规定所用零件(套筒、管子……)的类型;
-第三字符根据另一参数(尤其是探头给出的零件的温度)确定要改正的参数(例如加热的时间或电源提供的功率)。
-第五个字符规定焊接周期的种类。它亦可给出能影响一规定参数的一补充信息(参看第六区第十八个字符的情况)。
-第7个字符规定制造者预定的温度范围。
举例
第一个字符
加给有关数字编码字符的信息值。
0=管嘴或接口
3=套筒或接合方式
6=电加热附件而不是电焊附件
第三个字符
添加的信息之值
0=U(电压)或I(电流强度),通过校正时间来调整。
3=U或I(通过校正功率来调整)
6=功率调整
第五个字符
添加的信息之值
0=不均匀焊接周期
Figure 87108163_IMG1
第七个字符
添加的信息之值。
0=零件制造商许可的第一温度段
3=第二温度段
6=第三温度段
这样,可以用三种方法将补充信息输入到条式代码的第一区里。
举例
LINO    GAZ制造商
Logo联LINO
如采用编码形式,字母有如下值:
L=12    I=og    N=14    O=15
如果第一区组合的八个字符构成12391465,将输入:一与第一个字符(给其加“0”值)相应的“管嘴或接口”信息。
-“通过校正功率调整的U或I”信息(与第三个字符加“3”相适应)
-与第七个字符相应的“不均匀焊接周期”信息(第七个字符加“6”)
第二区
第二区涉及字符9、10和11。
这些字符规定了有关零件的直径。如果使用的是一套筒,记入的直径与它应配接的管子的外直径一致。
规定了两个分度范围
1.零件的直径用毫米表示。
可使用的数是:001至799。
·9号字符示出100毫米
·10号字符示出10毫米。
·11号字符示出1毫米。
举例:φ20mm=020,φ110mm=110。
2.零件的直径用英寸表示。
在这种情况下,可使用数是800至999。
·9号字符示出10英寸
·10号字符示出1英寸
·11号字符示出分数英寸。
根据代码:0=整数1英寸
1= 1/4 英寸
2= 3/8 英寸
3= 1/2 英寸
4= 3/4 英寸
举例:φ1″=810,φ1″1/4=811
要注意,值000可用于直径不能确定的附件。
第三区
第三区所含的字符:
1.可根据加给第一区第三个字符的信息之值规定(电压,电流强度……)调整方式。赋予选定调整方式的值被记入到第四区。此值亦可按一计算单位计算(见第六区)。
采用方式U:用伏特控制电压(伏特)
采用方式I:用安培控制电流强度(安培)
采用方式P:用参数控制功率
U:通过公式U2/R计算功率
I:通过公式RI2计算功率
2.指出要加熟零件特性参数的额定值中的小数点位置。
在此情况下,特性参数等于零件电阻(R)。
举例
Figure 87108163_IMG2
在读出此字符后,一方面知道了选定的馈电调整方式,另一方面知道了选定特性参数的单位(Ω, 1/10 Ω,至 1/100 Ω)。
第四区
按照字符12(前面第三区)中表示的方式U,I或P……,第四区的字符13-14明确指出选定的调整参数之值。
方式U
输入到字符13和14中的数字明确表示选定的有效额定电压之值,在套筒线圈输入端加热期间该值保持不变。
举例:35伏
字符13=3
字符14=5
方式I
赋予字符13和14的值则明确表示选定的电流强度之值,该值在加热期间保持不变。
举例:4安培
字符13=0
字符14=4
正如人们所知,在此情况下,选定的单位是用伏特表示U,安培表示I。
可以用同样的方法保留功率参数(P,用瓦特表示)。
第五区
第五区包括三个字符15,16,17,往这些字符里输入一个与零件选定特性参数(其与3区字符12相适应)有关的信息。
如果特性参数是零件电阻,分别输入到字符15,16和17里的三个数字示出此特性参数的参考值。
人们任意选定,此数有三个数字,表示平均温度20℃时零件(套筒)的电阻值。
举例
字符12=1
字符15-16-17=300
由此推断    R=300Ω(欧姆)
输入到第五区里的信息与制作时通常获得的一参数的平均值相一致,而且还与一个理论值相一致,该理论值用来建立一个“控制”值(见下边)此值用来检验零件的一参数。
要注意,如数000输入此区,这表示特性参数R不计算在内。
第六区
对由条式代码的第18个字符构成的第六区,输入与特性参数有关的一信息,其值被规定在第15、16、17字符(第五区)里。
赋予字符18的数值可以给出在特性参数理论值(最初被输到入标识卡里)以及其“有效”值(该值或用热探头记录零件温度之值确定,或用相应计算单位通过内部控制计算确定)之间自控机编程装置或控制装置所能允许的误差限度或容差(见注)。
在本例中,特性参数是R(零件或套筒的电阻),通过参数R的理论值及用外部装置(主要是欧姆计)测得的它的值之间的比较,内部计算“有效”值。
如果字符18的“容差”信息内含有有关参数的有效值和理论值之间的偏差,自控机的编程装置则不把此偏差计算在内,而根据在读出此区时给出的理论值工作。
相反,如果超过容差,停止焊接。
举例
第18个字符时所表示的相应数字和百分比:
1=±6%
2=±8%
3=±10%
9=见注
0=不计算在内
确定百分比,以便计算出随“工作面”温度而变的电阻变化。
注:使用数字9时的情况
在此种情况下,通过比较在20℃温度下记入第五区(与第三区有关)的电阻的理论值与在零件的温度下。如用一欧姆计测得的它的实际值,在自控机上计算零件的实际温度,以取代用一外部装置(热探头)直接测量此温度。因此,不是直接确定温度的参数。
第七区
第七区有3个字符:19,20,和21号。
赋予这些字符的值表示零件加热时间。
此时间可用秒为单位表示。例如,使用从003至899之数字。字符19,20和21分别表示若干个100秒、10秒及1秒。
时间亦可用分为单位表示。使用900至999的数字。字符19的9不再有含义。字符20和21分别表示若干个10分和1分。
对于一已知道,例如000,加热(或焊接)时间在条式代码内可以不被预先规定。停止正在进行的焊接由一外部传感器控制,该传感器在达到理想的温度时,可中止自控机运转。
第八区
条式代码标识卡的字符22和23构成第八区。
此区用来改正电源提供的能量。
在一定情况下,改正的参数是加热时间或加热功率,此改正是根据计算出的或由热探头记录的零件温度来确定。
用这种方式改正提供的最初能量,就可以使焊接质量达到最佳水平,不管遇到的气象条件怎样。
实际上:
如果探头记下约20℃的温度,校正值将为零。
在20℃以下时,允许用C度数确定时间参数或功率参数的正校正值的百分比。
在20℃以上时,仍允许用C度数确定起始参数的负校正值的百分比。
要注意的是,在指定(第一区)第三个字符的值时,已选定要校正的时间参数或功率参数。
举例
1.字符22:数字2至9
字符23:数字2至9
可以认为,这些字符所含的数字标准的信息,不管其与时间或与加热功率有关,用C度表示10%的校正值。
2.字符22=0
字符23=0
信息“00”表示,没有任何要考虑的时间或功率校正值。因此此,这些参数也就没有任何变化。
这时,不需要用热探头记录温度。
3.字符22=1
字符23=1
信息“11”亦向自动控制机表示,没有规定对时间或功率作任何调整。因此,这些参数也就没有任何变化,对它们也就不作任何修改。
在这种情况下,对记录或计算温度不再作规定。
第九区
第九区含有条式代码的第24个和最后一个字符。
第24个字符表示,信息由光笔全部读出,并被放定有意义。
检验程序已知,不构成本发明的内容,将不予介绍。
由上例可以得出,本发明的方法可按照输入条式代码相应区里的补充信息:
-或者确定电源提供的加热(焊接)能量的调整类型或方式(U,I,或者有时用P,其他……)
-或者控制已选定的参考值(参见有关套筒的电阻R的上述例子)。
综合起来看,本发明的方法定义如下:
Figure 87108163_IMG3
Figure 87108163_IMG4

Claims (4)

1、用自动控制机引导并控制电加热零件温度增高的方法,主要用于塑料零件间的焊接,按照这种方法:
-将含有加热和控制有用的参数的一标识卡与要控制的零件附在一起,
-至少要根据上述读出的参数,准备所述标识卡的读出装置和在机上执行-控制加热程序的装置,所述方法的特征在于:
-将所述标识卡分成若干个不同区,对至少有些区,除了输入所述参数外,还输入与规定参数有关的补充信息;
-通过读出装置记录每一个区里的参数和/或区里所含的信息,而这里要按规定的顺序连续进行;
-规定从相应的区读出的参数中至少有些参数要作某些变换,而这些变换由其他有关区里的某些区,根据其中所含的补充信息引起的。
2、按照权利要求1,此方法的特点在于备有:
-标识卡的外部装置,在零件上直接记录引导和控制此零件加热有用的至少一附加参数;
-给自动控制机输入此附加参数的装置,并且规定:
-输入到标识卡里的参数中至少有些参数被看作参考参数;
-此标识卡所含的补充信息,根据已记录的附加参数之值,来影响与补充信息相关的参考参数,给自动控制机的程序执行装置提供校正过的参数。
3、按照权利要求2,此方法的特点在于:规定标识卡的一确定区记录的一给定补充信息能确定与零件实际温度相应的参数,根据是:
-至少一参考参数,例如,要加热的零件的电阻,还有已输入到标识卡里的它的有关信息,
-以及由上述外部装置记录的此参考参数的有效值,
但是,这与标识卡的一外部装置所能进行的温度任何直接记录无关。
4、按照权利要求2,此方法的特征在于:如大家所知,规定外部记录装置是一个能传送要加热零件实际温度的热探头。
CN87108163A 1986-12-23 1987-12-22 电加热零件的温度增高的处理和控制方法 Expired CN1016115B (zh)

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FR8618117 1986-12-23
FR8618117A FR2609933B1 (fr) 1986-12-23 1986-12-23 Procede pour conduire et controler l'elevation de temperature de pieces chauffees electriquement
FR86.18117 1986-12-23

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JP (1) JP2739578B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR960008495B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1016115B (zh)
AT (1) ATE69900T1 (zh)
CA (1) CA1279120C (zh)
DE (1) DE3774855D1 (zh)
ES (1) ES2026933T3 (zh)
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GR (1) GR3003357T3 (zh)

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EP0272978B1 (fr) 1991-11-27
KR880007212A (ko) 1988-08-26
US4837424A (en) 1989-06-06
FR2609933A1 (fr) 1988-07-29
EP0272978A1 (fr) 1988-06-29
JP2739578B2 (ja) 1998-04-15
JPS63173106A (ja) 1988-07-16
DE3774855D1 (de) 1992-01-09
CN1016115B (zh) 1992-04-01
CA1279120C (fr) 1991-01-15
FR2609933B1 (fr) 1989-06-09
GR3003357T3 (en) 1993-02-17
KR960008495B1 (en) 1996-06-26
ATE69900T1 (de) 1991-12-15
ES2026933T3 (es) 1992-05-16

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