CN1080186C - 一种改进的对头焊接方法 - Google Patents
一种改进的对头焊接方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1080186C CN1080186C CN98106395A CN98106395A CN1080186C CN 1080186 C CN1080186 C CN 1080186C CN 98106395 A CN98106395 A CN 98106395A CN 98106395 A CN98106395 A CN 98106395A CN 1080186 C CN1080186 C CN 1080186C
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
- B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
- B29C65/2092—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror" and involving the use of a facer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
- B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
- B29C65/2053—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror" characterised by special ways of bringing the welding mirrors into position
- B29C65/2061—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror" characterised by special ways of bringing the welding mirrors into position by sliding
- B29C65/2069—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror" characterised by special ways of bringing the welding mirrors into position by sliding with an angle with respect to the plane comprising the parts to be joined
- B29C65/2076—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror" characterised by special ways of bringing the welding mirrors into position by sliding with an angle with respect to the plane comprising the parts to be joined perpendicularly to the plane comprising the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
- B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
- B29C65/2053—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror" characterised by special ways of bringing the welding mirrors into position
- B29C65/2084—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror" characterised by special ways of bringing the welding mirrors into position by pivoting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
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- B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及对塑料材料制成的工件进行对头焊接的方法,为达到本发明的目的,本发明提出根据在焊接时工件(7、9)所处环境测量(通过探测头45)的环境温度,对下面参数的至少一个进行修正:工件接触和/或焊接时的压力,加在为移动所述工件的装置(13、17)上的电能,工件相对移动的行程、在加热阶段中在工件端部获得焊道的时间。
Description
本发明涉及一种自动焊接的方法和装置,该方法和装置用于对由塑料制成的工件例如管材进行对头焊接。
为了使例如由聚乙烯等热塑性材料制成的管材工件基本同轴地连接在一起,已经提出根据预定的程序,通过把管材对头进行焊接的方法。
大家会记得工件对头焊接不需要任何的中间连接套(通常称为“接头”),不需要热阻布置在被焊接工件的里面或外面,而在利用“接头”的技术中,绕成螺旋的电线习惯上布置在连接件上(关于这方面见US-A-5130518)。
在对头焊接的专门规则内,特别在专利EP-A-0643642或US-A-5620625中,特别公开了如下内容:
——把要焊接件的端部面对面地布置;
——通过加热元件把焊接件的端部加热,然后持续整个的加热时间t1使产生的热量散发到工件的内部,在压力P1、P’1下持续加热时间t1,之后加压P2、P’2持续内部加热时间t2,从而获得材料B1的焊道,接下来通过移动装置使工件基本同轴地相对移动产生行程(C)。
——接着在传递时间间隔t3期满后,为所述的焊接工件的端部提供焊道材料,接下来通过所述的移动装置产生另一个相对行程(C’),在施加焊接压力P5、P’5下持续时间t4,维持所述的焊接压力P5、P’5大致t5的时间(所述焊道正常变形后为B2)。
——之后,完成焊接后在没有操作时维持冷却时间间隔t6。
在上述的两个文件中,根据测量到的焊接工件周围环境的温度,在焊接的过程中还要采取措施通过延长和缩短时间来改变时间间隔。
而且,还要如下采取措施:
——通过通常称为“镜子”的加热元件对工件要焊接的端部进行加热;
——为加热元件提供电能,以满足加热工件的所述端部的标准;
——另外提供在焊接开始时测量所述工件温度(环境温度)的装置,然后测量的温度传送到执行焊接程序的装置中,以根据测量到的环境温度,来调整加在加热元件上电流的持续期。
把环境温度考虑在内可有效地作为对头焊接塑料部件的重要特性。
根据第一特性,本发明的目的是使该环境温度数据的利用达到最佳,而且通常地改善焊接的操作条件,通过这种办法使后者更可靠并根据焊接的质量来提高工作性能,同时提供尽可能地简单、具有低成本及容易制造和使用的机械设计。
在上述的焊接工艺的规则范围内,在这些条件下,本发明的第一特性根据所述的焊接时测量的环境温度,对至少下面参数之一进行适应和修正:
——压力P1、P’1和/或P2、P’2和/或P5、P’5;
——为使工件移动而加在所述装置上的电能(电压、电流强度……);
——工件相对移动的行程C和/或C’;
——在加热工件与加热元件接触的阶段采取的得到焊道(B1)的时间(t1、t2)和/或t3(传递时间)和/或t4(需要达到焊接压力的时间)和/或t5(焊接压力维持的时间)。
在不降低该方法可靠性的情况下,为了使控制环境温度影响及从其中产生条件的有效性的电子装置简单,提供了更具体地说只有加热时间t1和/或内部加热时间t2的“时间”参数可利用的补充特性。
将要说明的是,本发明的另外考虑涉及根据环境温度来确定对时间、压力和行程进行适配的方式。
为了这个目的,可采用两种可行的方法。
第一种方法:
——通过温度探测头来测量环境温度;
——相应的温度读数被送到控制箱的处理单元,该处理单元根据预先输入到该控制箱的内部存储器的修正算法和修正系数,并根据标称基准的或需要的时间、压力、电能和/或行程来确定所述的时间、电能、压力和/或行程的适配值。
第二种方法:
——还是通过温度探测头或等同物来测量环境温度;
——(每个)待焊接工件配有存储与所述工件的焊接有关并能通过读取装置读取的数据的外部载体,该读取装置适用于把这些数据传送到控制箱的处理单元中;
——探测头的环境温度读数和在(每个)载体上读取的所述数据读数提供给所述处理单元,该处理单元根据修正算法和修正系数,并根据标称基准的或需要的时间、压力、电能和/或行程来确定所述的时间、电能(U、I……)、压力和/或行程的适配值。
根据另一个特征,压力、行程、电能和/或基准的时间的标称数据特别地要完全根据要遵守的焊接规则(“标准”),在所述的塑料材料和面对面放置部件的正面尺寸方面,该尺寸能由直径(假定工件是圆的)和/或厚度的数据来确定,并最好输入到与部件连接的外部载体上(例如条型码),象材料数据一样;另一方面,与焊接规则有关的数据最好输入到控制箱的内部存储器中。
本发明的另一个考虑是针对按照采用如标准的焊接规则满足的需要进行优化监控。
因此,本发明的特征是通过对所述工件的相对移动行程实行监控,通过对在预先设置的基准行程和在焊接操作中测量的实际行程进行比较,而提供合适的数值特别是在工件焊接区的压力值和/或在该区域焊道值和/或时间值,这些都是所述要遵守的焊接规则所要求的。
根据本发明其余的特征,为了在存储器支撑件中预先设置可能用于记录的基准行程,还采取了措施,该记录的数据为根据要遵循的所述焊接规则而根据随着在工件焊接区的参数“压力”随时间而变化的数据、在焊接过程的至少一部分中随着所述工件的行程时间而变化的数据。
在本实施例中,“压力”参数的时间变化于是可相应于参数“工件的相对位移”的变化转换成图表或等同物,同时,该“转换图表”最好输入到控制箱的内部存储器中。
为了在“压力”参数和“部件的相对位移(行程)”参数之间有关的观察中得到最大受益,如果需要的话,可能或者不监控压力而监控工件的相对位移,或者同时监控两者:压力和行程。
如果需要进一步改进对行程的监控,本发明提出根据测量到的环境温度修正监控到的所述工件随时间变化的相对移动,于是可能进一步提高可靠性和获得高质量焊接的可能性。
除了上面已经描述的方法外,本发明还涉及焊接装置,该装置的特征可实现上述方法,该装置将在下面参照附图的描述中详细地披露。在附图中:
图1为组成焊接装置的主要部分大致的透视图;
图2为示出了设在管材上的识别载体(在本实施例中为条型码)图;
图3、4、5、6和7为大致地示出了对头焊接过程的五个连续阶段图;
图8为该装置的控制箱电路图;
图9为在对头焊接中在焊接区域(P)的参数“压力”随着时间(t)的变化图。
下面参照附图,通过组成与待焊接工件有关的信息载体上的“数字”之一的修正系数,来处理当测量的环境温度特别地影响产生材料焊道的时间时的情况。
在图1中可以看到示出的焊接装置1包括与装置5连接的自动控制箱3,该装置5在加热待对接的两个可熔塑料管材的部端7、9之前可进行校正;控制箱3与加热这些端部的装置11和如液压缸的的移动装置13连接,该移动装置可使两工件7、9沿它们的共用轴15彼此相对轴向移动。
为了把部件7、9夹持到位,工件7、9安装在框架上,该框架包括两组夹持圈19、21。该夹持圈与液压缸13连接,于是可使管材7相对管材9沿轴15平移。
也可使用电气或机械移动系统而不采用液压缸13,以实现更精确的移动及其监控。
现在讨论修整装置5,该装置包括联接在支架25的支臂27末端的刮削板头23,该支臂可在液压缸28(或其等同物)的作用下移动,于是在对工件面对面的接头端部7a、9a加热之前(见图3和4),可对它们进行调整。
关于加热装置11,该装置由导热和导电的加热镜29组成,该加热镜加有电能,于是在把它放置在工件的端部7a、9a中间并与它们接触时,可达到使端部7a、9a软化(熔化)的温度。镜子29装在由支架33支撑的支臂31上并能在液压缸(或等同物)35的控制下转动。支架33可平行于轴15移动,在需要的压力下使镜子29和每个工件7、9(图5)之间相互接触。
上述装置本身已经公知(参见专利EP-A-196 795的“WIDOS”装置;或出版物“Kunstoffen Rubber”第43卷,1990年10月第10号第59~61页)。
在本实施例中的要焊接的两工件7、9为由聚乙烯制成的管材。也可以是其他形式的工件,只要它们的两个端部7a、9a具有相配的几何尺寸(特别参见标准ISO/4437、ISO/4427和ISO/DIS/8085-2)。
每个工件7、9包括识别卡或信息载体37、39,在本实施例中为条形码(例如也可以是磁条或电子芯片)。
图2示出了识别卡的例子(载体37)。
有关该识别卡的细节描述请参见EP-A-0643642。
图2中代码的解释如下:
第一组四个数字1到4(在标题“制造者”的下面)为制造者的标号。
在本实施例中,制造者“XX”具有标号5626。
而且第一个数字“5”是表示与对头焊接工艺有关的代码。
下面的两个数字(“类型”)表示所述工件的种类(管材:代码为01;缠绕管材(wrapped tube):代码为02;分支管套(branch socket):代码为05,……)。
下面的三个数字(7、8、9)与直径有关。在本实施例中,这代表管材的外径(焊接端部的直径)。
代码224与“类型”代码“01”相关,这里表示具有外径63mm的管材。
下面的6位数字(10到15)表示批号,由制造者来确定。这样就能确定工件的来源,特别是生产日期;在本实施例中批号为11111。
下面的数字(第16位)涉及“SDR”(标准直径比)代码。
例如,代码0表示“SDR”>33;代码为1,则“SDR”=33;代码为2,则“SDR”=26……;代码为7,则“SDR”=11;代码为8,则“SDR”=9及代码为9,则“SDR”<9。
下面三个数字(17、18、19)与所述工件的组成材料有关,这里与文献ISO/138/SC4“熔化装置”N192的13页中的D-II表有关。
现在看代码“021”,这个代码被认为是一种塑料材料,见“BPCHEMICALS”、“RigidexSc/02-40”。
下面的数字(20)可确定与条形码有关的工件的“MRS”(熔化树脂标准)。
代码为1表示“MRS”为63(聚乙烯:PE),代码为2,“MRS”为PE/80及代码为3,“MRS”为PE/100。在本实施例中使用了代码2。
第21位数字是确定工件的“MFI”(MFI:熔化流动指标)。
例如,代码“0”相应的“MFI”为0到0.3;代码为1,则相应的“MFI”为大于0.3到0.5;代码为2,则“MFI”为大于0.5到0.7;代码为3,则“MFI”为大于0.7到1;代码为4,则“MFI”为大于1到1.5。
数字22、23、24确定在与代码有关的工件与另一个工件之间是否相匹配。
通过确定,当两个工件具有相同的物理尺寸特性时,当然还有相同的“MRS”,那么就认为一个工件与另一个工件相配。匹配性的“MFI”方面适用于国家或地方标准。
这里通过在“MF1”(数字23)的范围内匹配的“MRS”(数字22)的表示来确定匹配性。
这样,在图2中的例子中,代码“21”表示了如果“MFI”在大于0。3到0.5之间(代码为1)时,具有“MRS”为80(代码为2)的PE工件相匹配。
代码为“00”时表示不匹配。
下面的数字24、25、26和27本身确定材料的批号(在例子中为1234)。
关于数字28,它使得可以确定产生双焊道B1的时间的修正值。
代码“X”在这里用偏离预定标称温度20℃时的℃来表示产生焊道时间的修正率0.X%,用于在温度低于或高于20℃时。
在本实施例中,代码“1”表示产生焊道的时间的修正率为0.1%。
最后的数字29、30和31可以确定工件的测量/长度。例如管材7相对于加工开始时为“Ym”。该工件还另外允许差分以避免通过一个代码而确认自我相匹配。
在该例子中,代码“012”表示测量值为0.12(Y=0.12)。另一识别卡没有代码则认为是具有相同的测量值。
最后,第32和最后的数字为测试数字。
与工件7和9有关的卡37、39的原理已描述,现在描述装置3的结构,特别是它的处理单元4。
该装置3首先包括如光笔或更普通的为扫描仪的A/D(模拟/数字)转换器41,该转换器对装置43提供的数据进行转换和解码以阅读识别卡37、39。
连接在转换器41上的还有温度探测头45和传感器71,用于测量加在移动装置13上的压力或电能(电压、电流强度),用于探测工件上的支撑件19的位移(或行程)的传感器73,用于探测“镜子”29的温度的传感器75,该传感器在后面再次涉及。
在阅读笔43记录如上面指出的卡37和39中存储和编制的数据后,这些数字化的数据由转换器41传送到比较单元47,接着进行装置49的开始操作按钮(开始/停止按钮)的操作。
比较单元47的功能是对代码表示的物理化学数据进行比较,并特别地确定它们是否相应于准备焊接在一起的匹配工件。特别地,比较单元的测试加在相应于输入到每个卡上“MRS”和“MFI”特性的数字20到27中,包括提供的匹配性信息(图2)。
需要注意的是在数字7、8和9(直径)上会另外进行比较,这与对两个工件是等效的,同样地对“SDR”(数字16)和第28位数字的修正数字(修正系数)也是等效的。
如果大致在51中(图8)所示的两个代码的测试过程表现为不匹配,于是错误信号作为阻止的焊接信号传送到显示装置54。另一方面,如果表现为匹配,则允许焊接的信号传送到已经通过操作按钮49而驱动的计算机(或者带处理器的处理装置)55上。
计算机55可由与由57大致示出的内部存储器装置连接的印制电路组成。这些可以是EPROM和RAM存储器。
在计算机中(或与计算机相连的)的永久存储器(ROM或EPROM)中,通过编程预先输入与焊接规则或要遵循的焊接过程有关的数据,则能根据预先确定的标准来开始对头焊接的阶段,并且还输入适合于下列参数的工序说明:压力、电压、电流强度、温度、行程(也就是说,与工件7、9的相对移动加热元件11、或甚至是刮削装置5的运动有关的数据)、时间(特别是阶段的延续时间的数据,或甚至是延迟时间,为获得需要的特别是根据如ISO或DVS标准的焊接、而实施的不同操作的时间)及/或温度(如加热元件29应达到的温度及与预定“装置”环境温度相应的需要的标称温度,根据该标称温度,考虑由探测头45测量的实际环境温度,对某些焊接数据进行修正)。
可以知道在这里很难以一个明确彻底的方式确定在装置1中涉及到的焊接数据,要知道这些数据会根据使用的焊接规则产生波动,对应于它们的标准也会产生周期性改变。
然而,下面在1992年8月的标准ISO/TC138/SC5/GT12(第191号文件)的基础上给出一个实施例。
在该实施例中,是要为焊接两个直聚乙烯管材而确定条件。
该文件特别提出焊接分为六个阶段,如下(在整平器5刮平表面7a、9a后;图3):
阶段1:加热
——在加热阶段的压力P1加在接触区(图5:靠近探测头c),用N/mm2(MPa)表示。
——焊道B1值即焊道的尺寸,用mm表示,在焊接操作过程循环(图5)的阶段1之后获得。
——加热时间t1用秒表示,在焊接焊道B1的阶段1中的结合区获得。
阶段2:内部加热
——在内部加热阶段的压力P2为加到接触区上的压力,用N/mm2来表示。
——内部加热持续时间t2用秒表示。
阶段3:撤回镜子
——时间t3用秒表示,该时间为在两接触面与镜子脱开和它们彼此接触之间的间隔时间。
阶段4:加大压力(图7:靠近行程c’)
——时间t4用秒表示,为建立焊接压力的必要时间。
阶段5:焊接
——焊接压力P5用N/mm2表示,该压力在阶段5加到接触区。
——焊接时间t5用分表示,在该时间在焊接压力下机器中两工件维持结合。
阶段6:冷却
——冷却时间t6用分表示,在该时间中焊接在没有操作时在阶段6维持。
——焊道B2的值为焊道的尺寸,用mm表示,在该阶段6的结尾获得(图7)。
该文件还根据管材标准,就把管材固定到焊接机器上的方式,就把表面7a、9a刮平和就由下面表格A和B及在图9中确定的条件,指出为形成工件组件的某些条件,图9中表示了在焊接的操作循环过程的六个阶段中“压力”参数随着“时间”参数的变化。
两个表格的初始假定如下:两个由高密度的聚乙烯(HDPE)制成的管材对头焊接在一起,具有指定如下严格的选定值:MFI5=0.45(指数“5”表示用5kg重量进行常规测试,在20℃基准温度下每单位质量树脂的密度为946kg/m3).
表格A
参数 | 单位 | 数值 | |
镜子的温度(σ)63≤de≤250250<de | ℃ | (210±15℃)(225±10℃) | |
阶段1 | 压力P1 | N/mm2(Mpa) | 0.18+0.02 |
时间t1焊道B1 | smm | 为获得B1de≤180:1<B1≤2180<de<315:2<B1≤3315<de:3<B1≤4 | |
阶段2 | 压力P2 | N/mm2(Mpa) | 0.03±0.02 |
时间t2 | s | 30+de/2±10 | |
阶段3 | 时间t3 | s | max:3+0.01de≤8 |
阶段4 | 时间t4 | s | max:3+0.03de≤6 |
阶段5 | 压力P5 | N/mm2(Mpa) | 0.18±0.02 |
时间t5 | mn | 最小值:10 | |
阶段6 | 时间t6 | mn | 最小值:1.5最大值:20 |
表格B
条件 | 环境温度σA(℃) | 镜子温度σ(29) | 焊接压力(N/mm2) |
最小值 | σm=-5-2 +0 | 205±5 | 0.15±0.02 |
最大值 | σM=40±2 | 230±5 | 0.21±0.02 |
在这些表格中:
P:加在所述的焊接工件表面(7a、9a)上的焊接压力;
t:焊接循环每个阶段的时间;
e:工件(在本实施例中为管材)的标称厚度;
de:管材的标称外径;
σM:环境温度的最大值;
σm:环境温度的最小值;
“镜子”为加热元件29。
环境温度是在该温度实际完成工件结合的温度。该温度通过探测头45(σA)测量。
如果测量的环境温度不在σM和σm之间,焊接机进入“错误”状态(停止焊接循环程序)。
对于有关这些特定数据的补充信息,可参照专利EP0643642第7、8和9页中的描述,其中的内容被本申请引用作为参考。
很清楚上述提到的参照该标准的过程,如参数及它们的定性值,可转换成需要的“操作”数据,根据这些数据焊接机可进行工作并为达到这个目的而把数据输入存储器中,然而,如果带有识别卡37、39时,其中的一些数据可输入到该识别卡中。
通过实施例说明这些“操作数据”属于下列的情况。
——从后滑动位置开始计算的可移动工件7的近似行程(C)、和/或压缸13的压力P’1,如果需要的话还有P’2,于是使工件移动,直到在工件接触区连续地得到时间t1中所述压力P1,接着在t2时间内的压力P2,同时形成双焊道B1。
——通过电源级59为加热元件29提供形成B1的能量(需要注意的是能量由电源(电压和/或电流强度)和提供电源的时间t’1确定)。
——在时间t2末工件7的后移动行程(由于该行程与C方向相对,故该行程不存储在存储器中)。
——在整个或部分时间t3中,然后在持续时间t4和/或t5,为把工件焊接在一起的相应两工件的近似行程和/或压力缸13的压力P’5,以得到标准要求的压力(特别是P5)、或甚至是双焊道B2(见图7)的值,该值为在阶段6末得到的焊道尺寸,用毫米表示。
需要知道的是,作为上述的压力数据(P’1、……、P’5、……)的补充(或代替)传送到压力缸13以影响工件的相对移动,可应用电气数据(电压、电流强度、电源、……),假设不使用液压移动装置(压力缸),也可使用电气移动装置(例如通过多匝或线性的电位计)或电气-液压装置,或其它。
在前面描述了由温度探测头45测量的焊接时的环境温度,可用于修正产生焊道B1的时间和/或B2的时间,或甚至是修正在t2中的热量散发时间的结束。
“要修正”的时间最好与持续时间t1、t2和/或t4、t5的全部或部分本质地相对应,时间t3、t6最好不涉及。
需要注意的是在t1和/或t2中根据环境温度的“时间适配”会主要地或单独地作用在散热的时间持续期,热量通过29加在工件的端部7a、9a上。
但还需注意的是作为该时间的替代或补充,还可能修正(还是根据测量的环境温度)工件焊接区的“压力”参数和/或彼此相对的工件的“行程”参数(或甚至是为移动压力缸13而加在电气装置上的“电气能量或其它能量”参数)。
如果对“时间”参数进行修正,则可使用下面公式(D):
(D):tR=tN(1+X)
其中X=Δσ×K
且Δσ=σN-σA;
tR表示根据环境温度σA修正的实际时间;
σA=工件所处环境的环境温度,在焊接中由探测头45来测量;
tN=标称的基准或需要的时间;
σN=标称的基准温度(一般地假定为23℃或20℃);
Δσ=温度差(正或负取决于由探测头测量的环境温度比基准温度低还是高);
K=修正系数。
关于该修正系数需要注意的是,根据前面的描述,该系数为存入载体37和/或39中的第28位特征数码(大家会想起来在例子中,代码“1”意味着与假定为20℃的环境温度每℃偏差产生焊道B1的时间t1的修正率为0.1%,实际温度比环境温度高或低)。
现在讨论标称时间(tN),实际上最好取决于待焊接的工件的至少一个正面(frontal)尺寸(直径、厚度、……),并取决于采用的焊接规则(标准),或甚至取决于工件的材料。
考虑到前面描述的,还可以知道如果对“压力”参数、“电能”或其它能源(U、I、P、……),或“行程”进行修正时,则相应于标称压力和标称行程给出基准,对在时间t1、t2、t4和/或t5中建立的压力或行程进行修正是有益的,并且更有益的是在端部7a、9a中散热(由29提供)的期间,在产生焊道B1的期间进行上述修正(也就是说,此时工件和加热镜接触)。
现在要特别讨论参数“行程”(两工件7、9彼此相对移动)。需要注意的是应用该参数会满足下面所有或部分的功能:
——对“焊接压力”参数相应于“时间”参数变化(图9)的监控;
——对要焊接工件的相对位置的监控;
——对材料焊道的监控(B1和/或B2,但是优先B1,因为根据环境温度,对环境温度的一个考虑是适合由元件29提供的热量在材料上的散发时间)。
为了满足对以时间t为函数的“焊接区压力”参数变化的监控,例如在图9中,根据相应的标准,提出把列线图记录在内部存储器57中,该列线图逐一地与在上面提到的时间内工件相对移动时间的变化对应,与图9中压力/时间变化对应。
还需要注意的是该列线图要根据由探测头45测量的环境温度考虑修正系数而建立起来,于是根据该环境温度得到对随时间变化的工件相互之间的行程或移动的修正。
为了提供需要的时间延迟,本发明还提供时钟单元(见图8)。
时钟单元63与计算机55相连,并与通过D/A转换器60与源级59连接的监控器61相连。
该源级59由提供可能是电气、液压、电气-液压……能量的单元组成。
在本实施例中,所述的源级(部分为电气供能单元,部分为液压供能单元)包括四个引出端63、65、67、69,它们分别与镜子29的加热装置(电阻)、镜子的压力缸35、联接刮削器5的压力缸28及使承载管材7的可移动结构移动的压力缸13连接。
依靠需要的动力源(电气的、液压的、……),每一个控制将会通过数字/模拟(D/A)转换器60及任何需要插入的连接体而发生作用。
需要注意的是如果进行“压力”和/或“行程”修正,那么转换器41在其输入端至少连接压力缸13的压力传感器71和行程传感器73,该传感器73用于测量和传递所有或部分从设置刻度开始计算的两工件7、9的相对移动行程。接着计算机55将对这些数据处理以满足遵循的焊接规则(标准)的需要(特别是压力值、或焊道的高度、……)。
如果装有行程传感器73,那么使用它会有利于和输入到存储器57中的计算算法联系,以通过计算机55根据预先输入到存储器57中预设的需要行程对工件(图5和图7)的行程(C和C’)修正。这样,由遵循的“标准”确定的至少一些焊接参数通过作用在工件上的行程,并通过对存储在存储器中的“基准”与由传感器73测量的实际值进行比较而得到控制。
镜子29的温度传感器75也可与转换器41连接,其数据可通过比较器47以确认温度实际上是在输入到存储器57中的σM和σm之间(见图表B),如果没有它,焊接将会受到中断(通过51)。
当然,如果使工件发生相对移动的液压装置13由另外的机械装置或最好由电气装置(例如带电位计的电机)代替,那么压力传感器71可由机械传感器或电压、电流强度传感器代替。
而且,如果不希望对作为补充的在行程传感器73和/或压力传感器71的测量基础上进行的修正产生影响,则最好通过其它的数据来确定传感器中之一的数据,然后可能使两个传感器的接点通过比较器47(图8中虚线/点划线)而连接,这使得可以通过计算机55获得在压力数据和移动数据之间的修正,如果需要的话该计算机把修正数据发送到移动装置13中。
为了说明上面提到的不同传感器的影响,假设根据环境温度需要对焊道B1的产生时间进行修正(如果需要对“压力”参数和/或工件的相对移动的“行程”参数进行修正的话,那么原因相同)。
为了得到假定的对“时间”参数的修正,温度探测头45用来测量工件所处环境的实际温度。
假定环境实际温度为15℃。
这个由探测头测量的数据经过转换器41和线73输入到计算机55中。
存储器57中已输入由读取装置43读取的数据,于是计算机已经考虑的事实是,在每个代码37和39中,提供例如为“0.1%”的修正率(K),例如相对于预定标称温度(σN=20℃)每℃的偏差所述焊道B1产生时间的修正率为“0.1%”。
这样,例如适合于测量的环境温度为15℃的修正率由计算机提供,并且相应的实际时间间隔tR提供给压力缸13上,以根据标准的需要获得图6中的焊道起点(starts)(B1)。
自然地可使用上述公式(D):
tR=tN(1+X),可用在本实施例中,
σN=20℃
σA=15℃
Δσ=+5℃或如果K=0.1%(相对20℃每℃偏差)
X=+5(0.5%)=+2.5%;于是tR=tN(1.025),单位℃。
需要的数据tN将输入到存储器57中。
这样,如果标称基准温度(σN)比在焊接时由探测头45测量的温度(σA)高时,获得所述焊道的时间会延长;另一方面,如果σN比σA低,获得所述焊道时间缩短。
Claims (12)
1.一种对塑料制成的工件自动对头焊接的工艺,其中:
——工件(7、9)的待焊接的端部相对布置;
——工件的端部(7a、9a)通过加热元件加热,然后在整个加热时间(t1)和接着在内部加热时间(t2)使产生的热量散发到内部,在整个加热期间的压力为(P1、P’1),在内部加热时间期间压力为(P2、P’2),以获得材料的焊道(B1),接着通过移动装置(13、17)获得工件相对移动的基本同轴的行程(C);
——接着,在移动时间间隔(t3)期满后,工件的所述端部通过其焊道(B1)的材料彼此施加在一起,接着通过所述移动装置(13、17)在一个持续时间(t4)产生另一个相对行程(C’),该持续时间(t4)用于建立焊接压力(P5、P’5),接着在另一个持续时间(t5)基本维持所述焊接压力,
——之后,得到的焊接在没有操作时基本维持一个冷却时间间隔(t6),其特征在于:通过温度探测头(45)测量在焊接时在工件(7、9)所处的环境中的环境温度(σA),
——测定的环境温度送到控制箱(3)的处理单元(4),
根据测定的环境温度(σA)至少对下面的参数之一进行修正:
——压力〔(P1、P’1),和/或(P2、P’2)和/或(P5、P’5)〕;
——为使元件移动而加在所述装置(13、17)上的电能;
——工件相对移动的行程〔(C)和/或(C’)〕;
——在加热工件与加热元件接触的阶段采取的获得焊道(B1)的时间(t1、t2)和/或传递时间和/或需要达到焊接压力的时间和/或焊接压力维持的时间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的工艺,其特征在于:
——待焊接工件(7、9)配有设计用于储存与所述工件的焊接有关的数据并能通过读取装置(45)读取的外部载体(37、39),该读取装置(45)适用于把这些数据传送到控制箱(3)的处理单元(4)中;
——探测头(45)测量的环境温度读数和载体(37、39)上读取的所述数据读数提供给所述处理单元,该处理单元根据修正算法和修正系数,并根据标称基准或需要的时间、压力、电能和/或行程来确定所述的时间、压力、电能(U、I……)和/或行程的修正值。
3.根据上述权利要求任何一项所述的工艺,其特征在于:在工件(7、9)焊接区的压力值和/或在该区的焊道值和/或时间值,根据预先设置的基准行程和在焊接过程中测量的实际行程,对所述工件相对移动的行程进行监控。
4.根据权利要求3所述的工艺,其特征在于:为了预先设置所述的基准行程,根据工件焊接区的压力参数随时间而变化的数据,在存储器支持件(57)中存入在至少焊接过程一部分期间随所述工件(7、9)移动随时间而变化的数据。
5.根据权利要求1的工艺,其特征在于:所述工件(7、9)随时间变化的相对移动根据测量的焊接时的环境温度而进行修正。
6.根据权利要求1的工艺,其特征在于:所述工件的加热时间(t1)和/或对所述工件内部加热时间(t2)根据测量的焊接时的所述环境温度而进行修正,而不用其它持续时间。
7.一种用于加热对头接在一起的两个塑料工件(7、9)的装置,该装置包括:
--框架(17);该框架包括彼此可相对移动的两个工件(19、21),以使工件端部(7、9)相对从而同轴地支撑工件;
--用于电气加热工件的可移动部件(11);该部件设置在所述工件的端部之间,该部件由电加热装置(29)组成,该电加热装置可达到使所述端部熔化的足够高的温度,以使端部焊接在一起;
--使框架的所述工件(19、21)相对移动的装置(13);该装置使工件的端部相互或相对加热元件(29)靠近或远离;
--温度探测头(45);该温度探测头在进行焊接时测量环境温度(σA),并根据该环境温度来发送数据;
--控制箱(3);该控制箱包括:
--存储装置(57),存储装置包含预先设置的焊接过程和与焊接有关的预定参数有关的数据,这些数据是:压力、温度、时间、和/或工件相对移动的行程;
--用处理器(55)进行处理的装置;该装置与存储装置(57)和温度探测头(45)连接,以根据从存储器和温度探测头接收的数据发送控制信号;
--动力单元(59);该动力单元与处理装置(55)连接以根据通过处理装置(55)发送到所述动力单元的信号给加热元件(29)和移动装置(13)发送指令;
其特征在于:
所示控制箱包含-个校正算法,根据该算法
--处理单元(55)确定作为所述温度探测头(45)测量的环境温度的函数的与传送到所述移动装置(13)的至少一个参数相关的焊接数据的校正值,其中所述参数包括压力、电能、行程、时间,相对于包括压力、电能、时间和/或部件的相对移动的行程的参数中的至少一个参数的额定值和预设的焊接温度。
8.根据权利要求7的装置,其特征在于:该装置包括探测工件移动的传感器(73)。
9.根据权利要求7或8的装置,其特征在于:所述移动装置(13)包括电气移动装置。
10.根据权利要求7或8的装置,其特征在于:该装置还包括
--识别载体(37、39);该载体与至少所述工件(7、9)之一连接,并存储与工件焊接有关的数据,该数据包括为在所述工件端部获得焊道(B1、B2)的时间进行修正的数据;
--用于读取所述载体上的数据的装置(43),以把数据发送到处理装置(55),从而根据温度探测头(45)测量的环境温度对获得焊道(B1、B2)的材料的所述时间进行修正。
11.根据权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于:
--移动传感器(73)在焊接时测量所述工件的实际行程;
--存储装置(57)包含预先设定的标称基准行程的数据;
于是处理装置(55)把控制数据提供给使工件移动的装置(13、17),控制数据根据所述标称数据和由移动传感器(73)测量的实际数据之间的偏差而进行了修正。
12.根据权利要求9所述的装置,其特征在于:移动传感器(73)与传感器(71)连接,以通过动力单元(59)把能量加在移动工件的所述装置(13、17)上,从而根据所述预先设定的焊接过程,通过对工件相对行程的监控而监控将观测到的压力。
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US6680464B1 (en) * | 2000-07-28 | 2004-01-20 | Zurn Industries, Inc. | Electrofusion joining control device |
DE10146855A1 (de) * | 2001-09-24 | 2003-04-10 | Fischer G Rohrverbindungstech | Einrichtung zum stirnseitigen Verschweissen von rohrförmigen Teilen aus thermoplastischem Material |
FR2838371B1 (fr) * | 2002-04-10 | 2005-03-04 | Hubert Klein | Dispositif de soudage a plaque chauffante |
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EP2191955A1 (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2010-06-02 | Borealis AG | Process for butt welding of polypropylene |
JP5815400B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-19 | 2015-11-17 | 東芝プラントシステム株式会社 | 溶接作業管理装置、溶接作業管理システム、および溶接作業管理方法 |
US9174299B2 (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2015-11-03 | Ef Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method for portable calibration of electrofusion controllers |
EP2397311B1 (de) * | 2010-06-16 | 2018-09-26 | Georg Fischer Rohrleitungssysteme AG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Stumpfschweissen von Rohren aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff |
DE102010048612A1 (de) * | 2010-10-15 | 2012-04-19 | Rothenberger Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verschweißen von Rohrabschnitten aus Kunststoffen zu Rohren |
CN102722197B (zh) * | 2012-06-19 | 2014-08-20 | 深圳市理邦精密仪器股份有限公司 | 一种自校准的温度控制装置及方法 |
CN103600491B (zh) * | 2013-11-25 | 2016-06-15 | 必诺机械(东莞)有限公司 | 一种塑料件的焊接装置及焊接方法 |
CN106903894A (zh) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-06-30 | 四川理工学院 | 一种塑料管热熔焊接设备及其焊接方法 |
FR3100882B1 (fr) | 2019-09-12 | 2023-06-23 | Grtgaz | Dispositif de mesure avant soudage de composants d’une canalisation |
EP3804965A1 (de) * | 2019-10-10 | 2021-04-14 | Hürner Schweisstechnik GmbH | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung einer stumpfschweissverbindung |
CN117422205B (zh) * | 2023-12-18 | 2024-04-19 | 天津电力工程监理有限公司 | 基于数字孪生的装配式钢结构变电站建造管理系统和方法 |
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FR2609933B1 (fr) * | 1986-12-23 | 1989-06-09 | Gaz De France | Procede pour conduire et controler l'elevation de temperature de pieces chauffees electriquement |
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- 1997-04-23 FR FR9705026A patent/FR2762540B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
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- 1998-04-20 US US09/062,725 patent/US6036795A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-04-21 WO PCT/FR1998/000804 patent/WO1998047691A1/fr unknown
- 1998-04-21 CA CA 2235454 patent/CA2235454A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-04-21 BR BR9804864A patent/BR9804864A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-04-22 AR ARP980101855 patent/AR012492A1/es unknown
- 1998-04-22 CN CN98106395A patent/CN1080186C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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GB2192976A (en) * | 1985-07-09 | 1988-01-27 | Gq Defence Equip Ltd | Aerial load assemblies |
US5130518A (en) * | 1988-03-30 | 1992-07-14 | Hurner Gmbh | Electric welding apparatus for automatically welding heating coil fittings |
US5072097A (en) * | 1989-03-06 | 1991-12-10 | Mweld, Inc. | Speed control for roof welding apparatus |
US5013376A (en) * | 1989-10-02 | 1991-05-07 | Mcelroy Manufacturing, Inc. | Programmable computer controlled pipe fusion device |
WO1992009419A1 (en) * | 1990-11-29 | 1992-06-11 | Lars Erik Brath | A method, a heating device and an apparatus for fusing separate thermoplastic bodies |
US5620625A (en) * | 1992-06-01 | 1997-04-15 | Gaz De France (Service National) | Method of butt-welding two plastic parts with an identifying code, using an automatically controlled electro-welding machine |
WO1995011124A1 (en) * | 1993-10-19 | 1995-04-27 | Fusion Group Plc | Butt welding of pipes |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1998047691A1 (fr) | 1998-10-29 |
FR2762540A1 (fr) | 1998-10-30 |
FR2762540B1 (fr) | 1999-06-11 |
CA2235454A1 (en) | 1998-10-23 |
BR9804864A (pt) | 1999-08-24 |
CN1197000A (zh) | 1998-10-28 |
AR012492A1 (es) | 2000-10-18 |
US6036795A (en) | 2000-03-14 |
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