CN87106852A - 制造管形体特别是包装用管的方法 - Google Patents

制造管形体特别是包装用管的方法 Download PDF

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CN87106852A
CN87106852A CN198787106852A CN87106852A CN87106852A CN 87106852 A CN87106852 A CN 87106852A CN 198787106852 A CN198787106852 A CN 198787106852A CN 87106852 A CN87106852 A CN 87106852A CN 87106852 A CN87106852 A CN 87106852A
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pipe
paillon foil
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high frequency
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亨利·于贝力格
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KMK Karl Maegerle Lizenz AG
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/30—Electrical means
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    • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/36—Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles
    • B29C53/38—Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles by bending sheets or strips at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the article being formed and joining the edges
    • B29C53/48—Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles by bending sheets or strips at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the article being formed and joining the edges for articles of indefinite length, i.e. bending a strip progressively
    • B29C53/50—Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles by bending sheets or strips at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the article being formed and joining the edges for articles of indefinite length, i.e. bending a strip progressively using internal forming surfaces, e.g. mandrels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
    • B29C66/4322—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms by joining a single sheet to itself
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8161—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8181—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C65/3656—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being a layer of a multilayer part to be joined, e.g. for joining plastic-metal laminates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
  • Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)
  • Package Closures (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)

Abstract

多层组成的箔片被连续地包绕在纵向延伸的轴上而形成管形体38，其两边缘42、44叠接着。焊接时两叠接边缘由两条被驱动在纵向旋转的带16、18夹在一起。运行于管形体内侧的内带16有纵槽40，它至少容纳部分两叠接边缘区域。纵槽40使管形体缝的向内区成型，并防止焊接过程中液化的塑料材料在压力下不受控制地伸展。因此保证两边缘的材料完全地焊在一起，因此不会有液化材料的挤压出的边缘区域的过早冷却而造成的不能粘接现象。

Description

本发明关于制造管形体特别是包装管的方法，这种管子是用箔片做成，该箔片的内侧和外侧是可焊接的塑料。该箔片由供料辊上拉出并连续地包绕在一个延伸于其长度方向上的轴上而形成一个管子，其叠接的两边缘被焊接在一起。本发明也关于实现这个方法的装置。
这种装置见于美国专利3，388，017，然而，被发现由此方法制造出的管形体的外部边缘的焊缝有未焊牢的点，这会剥落，甚至会裂开。材料的碎粒剥落下来进入管内就会和被包装的货物混合而对它污染。
领会到那些剥落的点是在焊接工序中由焊缝的材料被推出而形成的，这就导致了本发明。这个被推出材料的外部边缘由于它们很薄所以过早冷却，因而不能再和附近的材料进行焊接。
因此本发明的目的是设计出上述型式的一种方法和装置，其中的焊缝没有被挤出的材料的没焊牢的边缘。这个目的由下述那样被达到。
靠近被焊接的焊缝的内带上的纵槽为焊缝定一个限定的形状并防止产生凸出的材料边缘。箔片叠接边缘的均匀加热由紧凑的焊缝来保证，这排除了材料中的过早冷却地点。由于把纵槽布置在内带上，使焊缝被移到内侧，因此管形体的外侧有大体上齐平的表面。
此外，由本发明得出的方法的优点是，在使用多层箔片时，只有内层能和包装好的管子的内容物相接触，如果箔层的内纵边的边缘被偏切成这样，即内层超出箔片的其它层的话，就能保证在焊缝上的内层连续地连接。在复盖其他层的同时，延伸的纵边区被内带上的纵槽推倒在相对的纵边区的内层上。
按照本发明方法的结果，是在高质量包装管内的一条完美的焊缝。
在由权利要求2至4以及9和10所体现的实施例中，如果它们的多层箔片中具有一层金属，最好是铝层时，由于它的感应热，可使其附近的塑料层达到焊接温度。
在由权利要求5至7，10和11所体现的实施例中，最宜使用不带有金属层或其金属层很薄以至不能利用高频辐射来产生足够焊接热的箔片。在这种场合，焊接热的传递是由和用作箔片焊接工具的径向驱动带之间的接触来完成的。
用作焊接工具的带最好用钢制成。它们的加热是利高频辐射，这有其特别的优点，即靠近它们的其他部分不会加热。由于这些带采用小的质量，它们不但能被很快地加热到所需温度，也能被很快地冷却，这样由于高的工作速度而得到高的效率。
由权利要求12所体现的实施例能进一步提高工作速度。
图1是一个概略侧视图，显示一个制造包装管用的管形体的装置;
图2以比图1大的比例，显示该装置的管子形成区;
图3是显示管子形成区的剖面图;
图4是图3的详图。
概略地示于图1中的装置，装有从送料辊（未示出）拉出来的箔片10。箔片由多层组成，有一铝层它被埋在至少两个热塑性塑料层中。那个朝向管内的塑料层在送料时是朝上的。在装置中，箔片是连续地包绕在一根纵向延伸的轴上，以形成管子，两边缘叠接着，用热加工操作使它们焊在一起。带12被驱动在箔片下面旋转以使箔片铺开。在导向件14作用下，带12的两个边缘被弯向上，因此把置于其上的箔片包绕在带12上方纵向延伸的心轴上。
由相互平行的两侧边确定的箔片10的叠接的两边缘在内带16和外带18之间被彼此压紧着。两带16和18被用作压紧工具。内带16沿着上述处于管子内侧的心轴延伸，管子的形成远至转折辊20为止，然后由所形成的管子内返回。
在内带16通过导向辊22到达管子成形区24之前，可以在它的导向路径中由装置26来进行感应预热。然而，预热不是绝对必须的，因为装在管子形成区24中的焊接装置28被用来产生焊接热，它也通过高频辐射来感应加热埋在箔片中的铝箔。可调节高频辐射来调节热量，因此箔片的各热塑性层都被加热到能进行焊接的温度。在焊接时和焊接后，形成的管形体的两叠接边缘被旋转的带16和18彼此压紧。焊接后，所形成的焊缝被一根驱动旋转着的环形冷却带30所冷却，同时保持压紧着内带16。可靠的冷却提高了工作速度。长边被焊封而成的管形体由切割装置（未示出）所切断，沿方向32离开所述的装置并由装上管头和盖上封盖而完工。
图2显示内带16是如何被导引于管子成形区24中，沿着上述心轴34直至转折辊20而再回来的。内带16的上圈16′置于心轴34上，而其下圈16″被引导于心轴34上的纵槽36中。标号38是指用虚线画出的管子。
图3显示一部分的管子形成区24的剖面图，其中的箔片已由带12卷成管子38的形状。这图清楚地显示内带16的上圈16′是如何被引导在心轴34上的，同时下圈16″被引导于槽36内。外带18被弹性的焊接装置28压紧在形成了的管子38的两个叠接边缘上。
图4显示管子形成区24的细节。从这图可见到内带16有一纵槽40，它用来形成管子38的管缝的向内布置的侧面。纵槽40限定了管缝的形状，并通过限制在焊接过程中熔化的材料的流动而防止在压叠接边缘42和44时的不受控制的膨胀。材料是热塑性的，特别是聚乙烯，聚丙烯或它们的共聚物。这个可合塑料形成制成管子38的箔片的外层。除了有一个铝层埋在两个塑料层之间，箔片还能有其他的层，例如用于铝箔的纸层和粘接层。
在一个用箔片制造管形体的装置的一个实施例中，没有埋入金属层或只有很薄的金属层，两个被驱动旋转的带16和18被用作焊接工具，它们由高频辐射感应加热至所须的焊接温度。加热是在管子成形区24前面发生的（图2），或者，对于外带18，在此区中由相应地布置着的加热装置。在这种场合中装置26不是用来预热内带16，而是把这个带整个加热到焊接所须的温度。在本装置的这个实施例中，外带18的加热能由装置28装在管子形成区24（图2）前或区中来完成的。
被驱动旋转的带16和18如果它们的加热是由高频辐射来完成的话，最好用钢制成。然而，如果焊接热是仅仅和直接在箔片的铝层中通过装置28来产生的话，用作压紧工具的带16和18也能用，例如，聚四氟乙烯来制造。在这场合中装置26是不需要的。
用来感应加热的装置26和28一般包括一个高频线圈;所供的能量由它来集中到须加热的区域。公知型式的高频发生器被用来向这些高频线圈供能。
所述的多层箔片以及有一个金属层，特别是铝层的，是公知的，然而，所述的装置也适合使用仅由单层热塑性层组成的箔片。

Claims (12)

1、一种用具有内、外侧可焊塑料以及纵边彼此平行延伸的箔片制造管形体特别是包装用管的方法，包括下列步骤：
把箔片连续地包绕在一根轴上，沿着该轴的纵轴形成一个管子，该管子的两边缘沿着纵边叠接着，被加热封固在一起，把两叠接边缘在两个环形带装置之间压紧在一起，该带装置包括一条内带和一条外带，当把带装置相对于该轴沿纵轴方向移动时，当焊接热被加上后以及当压紧在一起时，其中形成了管子外周的一部分，并包括两边缘的纵边至少部分地被压入内带上形成的向外开口的纵槽中。
2、如权利要求1中的发明，其特征为箔片有很多层，埋在其中的一层是金属层，包括用高频辐射感应加热两叠接边缘的金属层的步骤。
3、如权利要求2中的发明，其特征为包括在该一条带接触一个该边缘之前预热该带之一的步骤。
4、如权利要求3中的发明，其特征为一条金属带用作内带，在它接触到要形成的管子之前被高频辐射感应预热。
5、如权利要求1中的发明，其特征为金属带用作该些带子，它们用高频辐射来感应加热到所须的焊接温度。
6、如权利要求5中的发明，其特征为两条带子的加热在它们接触到要形成的管子之前完成。
7、如权利要求5或6中的发明，其特征为外带的加热在焊接区域中完成。
8、一种用具有内、外侧可焊塑料以及纵边彼此平行延伸的箔片制造管形体特别是包装用管的装置，包括一根带纵向轴线的轴，有装置用来把箔片连续地包绕在该轴的轴向以把箔片形成管子，管子上的两边缘沿着纵边叠接着，有装置用来把两叠接边缘封固在一起，有两个环形带装置被布置成能相对于该轴沿着纵向轴线被驱动以把两叠接边缘压在一起，该带装置之一被布置成当它的至少一部分的行程在管子的内侧面上时，它有一个制有槽的纵长表面用来容纳至少一部分被制成管子的两叠接边缘。
9、如权利要求8中的装置，其特征为备有用来产生焊接热的装置，它包括一个发射高频辐射的装置，被引向被制成管子两叠接边缘的通路。
10、如权利要求8或9中的装置，其特征为至少内带装置包括有钢，其中在管子成形装置外面的对内带感应预热的高频辐射被引向内带装置。
11、如权利要求10中的装置，其特征为外带也包括有钢，以及专对外带感应加热用的高频辐射被引向外带装置上的管子成形部分和焊接区域的前方。
12、如权利要求11中的装置，其特征为作用在管子上的冷却带从管子运动方向来看被置于外带装置后面的位置上。
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ATE61279T1 (de) 1991-03-15
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DE3768414D1 (de) 1991-04-11
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