CN87106530A - 玻璃涂层法及其制品 - Google Patents

玻璃涂层法及其制品 Download PDF

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CN87106530A
CN87106530A CN87106530.4A CN87106530A CN87106530A CN 87106530 A CN87106530 A CN 87106530A CN 87106530 A CN87106530 A CN 87106530A CN 87106530 A CN87106530 A CN 87106530A
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glass
titanium nitride
layer silicon
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CN1013435B (zh
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罗纳德·D·古德曼
威廉·M·格林伯格
彼得·J·托斯奇
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Pilkington North America Inc
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Libbey Owens Ford Co
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    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种热反射半透明涂层玻璃,玻璃片有两个基本平的平行表面或侧面,在一个面上有多层涂层,以及这种半透明涂层玻璃的制备方法。在该玻璃片的一侧上具有多层涂层称为涂膜或涂层面,而另一侧为玻璃面。多层涂层包括在玻璃表面上直接形成第一层硅涂层,在第一层涂层上覆盖氮化钛涂层,在氮化钛层上覆盖第二层硅涂层,及在第二层硅涂层上任选地覆盖上一层耐磨涂层如氧化锡层。涂层最好是在浮法生产玻璃的过程中用化学气相沉积法制作。

Description

本发明涉及一种用连续的化学气相沉积法来制备涂层玻璃制品的方法,尤其是制备涂层热反射建筑玻璃,以及涉及用如此方法制备的涂层制品。在具体的实施方案中,本发明涉及用硅层涂覆玻璃制品的方法,其中硅涂层是通过用非氧化气体处理而成的,该气体包括甲硅烷(SiH4),及在某些情况下为甲硅烷和乙烯的混合物,再在硅涂层上将四氯化钛如Ticl4与还原气体像氨进行混合,然后使它们在硅表面或在其附近反应以形成氮化钛层,再在氮化钛层上,用非氧化气体包括甲硅烷或甲硅烷和乙烯来处理以生成第二层硅层,本发明还包括形成保护层的其它方法,例如在第二层硅层上形成耐磨层,这种保护层可以由氧化锡组成。
用甲硅烷组成的非氧化气体通过连续的化学处理,以形成有硅涂层的建筑玻璃的生产方法,已在Kirkbride等人的美国专利4.019,887号中公开。Kirkbride等人公开的方法适合于本发明方法中的某些步骤,即在玻璃表面和在氮化钛涂层上形成硅涂层的步骤。
将乙烯添加到Kirkbride等人公开的含甲硅烷的非氧化气体中,已公开在Landau的美国专利4,188,444号上,使用乙烯的好处,是明显地改善了硅涂层的耐碱性。
用氨和Ticl4的混合物,通过化学气相沉积在玻璃上产生氮化钛的方法,已公开在Gordon的美国专利4,535,000号上。
用Kirkbride等人的方法生产表面有硅涂层的玻璃制品,以及再在其硅层上沉积金属氧化物涂层的方法已在Donley的美国专利4,100,330号上公开了。
大多数建筑玻璃是由“浮法玻璃生产法”制得的,其有部分方法在Kirkbride等人的附图中说明。该方法涉及在适当密封的锡熔池上压铸玻璃,在玻璃足够冷却后,将玻璃传送到与熔池匹配的滚筒上,然后当冷却玻璃在滚筒上前进时,首先通过退火炉,最后暴露在环境条件下。在工艺的浮法区,由于玻璃与锡熔池接触,所以将其维持在非氧化气氛以防止氧化发生,而在退火炉里维持空气气氛。
已经知道当要求用硅和氮化钛,再用锡和其它氧化物涂覆玻璃时,用浮法玻璃生产法是有利的。正如Kirkbride等人和Gordon公开的那样,在工艺的浮法区涂覆硅涂层和氮化钛涂层时,玻璃处于适当的温度。在含有空气的退火炉中的某些部分玻璃也处于适当的温度,用包括四甲基锡的氧化气体来处理其表面,以形成氧化锡的涂层。
本发明是基于这样的发现,而涂层玻璃或上膜玻璃制品,对玻璃建筑物特别有用。这种涂层具有低辐射性,使建筑物内部明亮并且仍然提供非常有效的采光性,而上述玻璃制品能用下述结构制得,该结构包括玻璃基片,第一层硅涂层粘附在玻璃基片上,氮化钛涂层粘合到硅涂层上,第二层硅涂层粘到氮化钛涂层上,以及选择其它金属氧化物涂层粘附到第二层硅涂层上。低辐射性也提供了比相同组成和厚度的未涂层玻璃更好的保温性能。在冬季条件下测定室内面有低辐射性涂层的玻璃,其总传热系数或U值明显地降低。例如,与无涂层的单层玻璃比较,内表面为70°F和外表面为0℃时;辐射率为0.22的涂层,其U值降低了30%,或其净蓄热量为21英热量单位/时·平方英尺。
关于本发明的新颖特点在所附权利要求书有详述。然而,通过下面具体实施方案的叙述,并结合所附的说明附图,将会清楚地了解到发明本身的结构和制造方法,以及附加的其目的和优点。
图1,是实施浮法玻璃生产法设备的纵截面的示意图,另外,四台气体分配器固定在适当的位置,则能实施本发明的方法,
附图2,是按本发明涂层制品的剖面示意图,以及
附图3,是说明本发明另一种涂层制品的剖面示意图。
参阅附图,用10表示的实施浮法玻璃生产法的设备,包括浮法区11,退火炉12和冷却区13,浮法区11有一底14,其含有锡熔池15,顶部16,侧壁(图中未示)以及壁17,由此形成密封以致有一个密封区18,在其中保持非氧化气氛(下文将进一步详述),防止锡熔池15的氧化作用。
在操作设备10时,用19表示的熔融玻璃在炉床20上压铸,随后在计量壁21下流过,往下流到锡熔池15的表面,通过滚筒22将料托起,并且输送通过退火炉和冷却区13。
通入适当的气体,在浮法区11保持非氧化气氛,例如99%(体积)的氮化和1%(体积)的氢气之混合物,用导管23导入18区,而导管23实际上与进气总管24相连接。该气体以足以弥补损失(从壁17下流出18区的部分气体)和维持稍正压(如高于环境0.001到0.01大气压)的速率,从导管23进入18区中。由加热器25直接向下辐射热来加热金属熔池15和密封区18。退火炉内的气氛是空气,而冷却区是未密封的,通过风扇26将环境空气吹到玻璃上。
设备10在浮法区11内也包括气体分配器27,28和29,和在退火炉12内有气体分配器30。
下列实施例将构成本发明人所期望的最佳方案,提供的目的主要是进一步说明和公开本发明,而并不是当作对本发明的限制。
实例Ⅰ
装置10用于实施本发明生产涂层浮法玻璃的方法。将吸热的,含有约14%(重量)的Na2O,73%(重量)的SiO2,8.5%(重量)的CaO,0.48%(重量)的Fe2O3,0.18%(重量)的Al2O3,0.01%(重量)的TiO2,4%(重量)的MgO和0.001%(重量)的Co3O4的绿色玻璃放进炉膛20并使其流进锡槽15上面形成12英尺(3.6米)宽和3/16英寸(5毫米)厚的薄片,薄片以每分钟约27英尺(8.25米)的速度通过装置10。玻璃在炉膛20中的温度约2000°F(1093℃)。从导管23将气体引进区18使其保持一个高于环境压力为0.006个大气压的正压的非氧化气氛;此气体由99%体积的氮和1%体积的氢组成。不必控制退火炉的大气;因此,其中的氧化气氛为空气。当玻璃在分配器27下通过时它经受到一种由90%体积的氮和10%体积的甲硅烷所组成的气体处理;当它在分配器28下通过时经受一种由6%体积的四氯化钛,19%体积的氨和75%体积的氮所组成的气体处理;最后,当它在分配器29下通过时经受一种由95%体积的氮和5%体积的甲硅烷处理。玻璃约在44到60秒内从分配器28前进到浮法区11的排放端。在分配器28下玻璃的温度为1200°F(660℃)。
从区18提出来后,涂层玻璃被传送到并通过退火炉12和冷却区13,并在温度约为100°F(38℃)下,从后者排出。当玻璃片或带通过退火炉时分配器30并未被触发。
按在上面实例1描述所生产的制品在图2的35中说明,包括玻璃基体36和粘附在其一个表面上的多层反射涂层37。反射涂层37是由在玻璃上厚为200至300埃的硅层38;在硅层上厚为900至1100埃的氮化钛层39,和在氮化钛上面并和空气接触的第二硅层40,其厚为100至200埃所组成。涂层玻璃在玻璃一边是银色反射的,而在薄膜一边是兰色反射的。薄膜表面的辐射系数是0.25至0.38。涂层玻璃在玻璃一边的遮蔽系数为0.25,在玻璃一边的日光或可见光的反射率为32%,日光或可见光的透射率为6.6%和总太阳光透射率为4.5%。制件可后回火。
在前面实例Ⅰ所描述的方法亦可用来涂镀灰色和青铜色的吸热玻璃与及透明无色玻璃。
而例Ⅰ涂镀制件的耐用性可满足各种用途,经发现,可通过提供金属氧化物层,最好是氧化锡粘附并复盖着第二硅涂层可以显著的增加镀上薄膜的表面的抗磨损性和抗划痕性而又不会太大影响制件的优良的光学性质。
实例Ⅱ
重复实例Ⅰ的方法,但不同的是当硅-氮化钛-硅涂镀的薄片从退火炉12中的分配器30下面通过时,温度大约在950-1000°F(510-538℃),此分配器就会被触发放出一种由98.6%体积的空气和1.4%体积的四甲基锡所组成的气体与已涂镀的薄片接触。根据例Ⅱ生产的制件在图3的45中说明,包括除第一硅层38外还有氮化钛层39和第二硅层40,并有一厚度约为200至300埃的氧化锡层46完整地粘附并覆盖着层40。涂镀的玻璃从玻璃和涂层的两边有一种低纯兰到银色的反射颜色。涂镀了薄膜的表面的辐射系数为0.25至0.38。从玻璃表面的遮蔽系数为0.25,从镀上薄膜表面的遮蔽系数为0.28。涂镀制件从玻璃一边的可见光反射率为32.5%,从玻璃一边的可见光透射率为7.1%及总的太阳光透射率为4.0%。制件可后回火,并发现有优良的耐用性,如抗划痕和磨损性。
实例Ⅲ
重复实例Ⅰ的方法,但不同的是当玻璃经过分配器27下面时被一种由94%体积的氮,4%体积的,甲硅烷和2%体积的乙烯所组成的气体处理,当它通过分配器28下面时,被一种由1%体积的四氯化钛,6%体积的氨和93%体积的氦(可用氮或其它惰性气体)所组成的气体处理;最后当它从分配器29下面通过时被一种由95%体积的氮和5%体积的甲硅烷所组成的气体处理。玻璃从分配器28前进到浮法区11的排放端的时间约在44至67秒。玻璃在分配器28下的温度1200°F(660℃)。
从区18提出来后,涂镀玻璃被传送并通过退火炉12和冷却区13,并在温度约为100°F(38℃)下,从后者排出。当玻璃片或带通过退火炉时,分配器30并未被触发。
按上面实例Ⅲ描述所产生的制件包括玻璃基体和粘附在其一个表面的多层反射涂层。反射涂层是由在玻璃上厚为175至225埃的硅层,在硅层上的氮化钛层,厚为650至750埃;和在氮化钛上面,并和空气接触的第二硅层,厚为200至250埃所组成。涂镀的玻璃在反射光时,是柔和的玫瑰色,如使用透明玻璃基体而不是用吸热玻璃的情况那样。涂镀玻璃具有总太阳光透射率为6.3%;可见光透射率为11.8%;总太阳光玻璃一边的反射率为10.2%;可见光玻璃一边的反射率为6.9%;薄膜的辐射度为0.27;从玻璃一边测量的遮蔽系数为0.28;从薄膜一边的为0.33;在冬天条件下的U-值为0.81英热量单位/时·平方英尺(相同厚度的没有涂镀玻璃的U-值为1.11)。制件可后回火。
若需要增加涂镀制件的可见光透射率时,如上所述第二硅层是从氮和甲硅烷形成的话,同样的物质,包括乙烯也可用来形成第一硅层。
实例Ⅳ
重复实例Ⅲ的方法,不同的是当硅-氮化钛-硅涂镀的薄片。在退火炉12的分配器30下面通过时,温度约为950-1000°F(510-530℃)。此分配器就会被触发放出一种由98.6%体积的空气和1.4%体积的四甲基锡所组成的气体。根据此实例Ⅳ所产生的制件,除了第一硅层外还包括一个氮化钛层和一个第二硅层,一厚度约为200至300埃的一个氧化锡层整体地粘附并覆盖着第二硅层。涂镀玻璃从玻璃和涂层两边有一层柔和的玫瑰反射色(muted    rose    reflective    color)。镀上了薄膜表面的辐射系数为0.27。玻璃表面的遮蔽系数为0.28,镀上薄膜表面的遮蔽系数为0.33。涂镀制件具有总太阳光玻璃一边的反射率为10.2%;总太阳光透射率为6.3%;可见光玻璃一边的反射率为6.9%。制件可后回火,并发现具有优良的耐用性,如抗划痕性和抗磨损性。
我们应理解从上述实例与本发明的具体细节结合而不脱离本发明所附的权利要求所定义的精神和范围能作各种改变和改进。在其基本细节中,本发明是生产涂层玻璃制件的一种连续化学气相沉积法。本方法包括当制件热的时侯将其连续通过第一,第二和第三相继的测量区,并且可选择地通过第四处理区的各步骤。头三个处理区是在一个保持着非氧化气氛下的封闭区内。在选择的第四处理区附近要保持氧化气氛。在上述实例中在装置着头三个处理区的封闭区内的非氧化气氛是通过引进一种由99%体积的氮和1%体积的氢来保持的。很明显从实施实例Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ的方法中所得的结果证明这样一种气氛是完全合适的。而且只要得到所需的结果,即避免锡浴的氧化和将硅,氮化钛,涂镀在玻璃基体上,可用其他惰性气体代替氮,氢的比例亦可增加或减少。同样,在实例Ⅱ和Ⅳ的方法中在退火炉12中可以用空气来提供氧化气氛,但亦可以使用其他氧化气氛,例如富含氧或氮的空气,或甚至含有一种非氮的惰性气体的气氛,只要能达到将锡或其他氧化物镀层沉积的结果,而又不至对退火炉本身做成过份的损害均可。
在实施本发明中,含有硅烷的非氧化气体直接对着制件的表面,并在该表面上形成第一硅涂层,并对着氮化钛层形成第二硅层。在前述实例中,硅烷是甲硅烷(SiH4)。然而处理气体除甲硅烷外还可含其他硅烷或其代替物。可用的其他硅烷的实例包括一氯甲硅烷(ClSiH3),二氯甲硅烷(Cl2SiH2),其他囟硅烷,烷氧基硅烷和二-,三-和更高级的硅烷。有机硅烷,如甲基三氯硅烷则不如上述的硅烷好,因为它的硅-碳键很难打开以形成所需的硅涂层。由于价格合适和可以买到甲硅烷在目前是较好的处理剂,另外由于其使用后的副产物是氢而不会引起生态上的问题(相反,上面所提到的氯甲硅烷其副产品则为氯化氢)。
根据本发明的一个最佳实施方案,将一定量的烯烃,如乙烯,加进硅烷中。将乙烯(C2H4)加进甲硅烷中对基底和顶硅层提供了明显的好处。加进甲硅烷中的小量乙烯反应形成基底层改变了光学性质,如增加了可见光的透射率,而又对遮蔽系数影响不太大。当氮化钛生成时在基底硅层上所形成的气孔(pinholes)的影响(incidence)和体积由于向基底层加进小量的乙烯而大大地减少。向甲硅烷生成的顶层加进乙烯亦都增加了薄膜叠层的可见光透射率。
在实例中通过将一种含在惰性载体中的氨和四氯化钛的气体向着第一硅涂层就可形成氮化钛层。一般混合气体的浓度范围为0.5至10%(摩尔)的四氯化钛和3至50(最好为5-30)%(摩尔)的氨。
基底硅层中可掺进氧作为玻璃基体和硅层的过渡层。此过渡层并非有意形成的,而是可能由于在所述的方法中将硅层铺在热玻璃上的过程所得的必然结果。另外,元素硅基底层本身亦可能有微量的碳、氢和氧而其前体材料包含有乙烯和甲硅烷。同样,氮化钛层可能有掺进其中的碳,氯和氧,以及从前体材料或其两边的硅涂层而来的其他微量元素。第二硅层除了可能含有微量的碳,氢和氧,特别是其前体物质含有乙烯外,还可能有从熔池中提起和经过退火炉时形成的一层表面氧化薄膜。当这些表面氧化物存在时,经发现可以抑制在涂镀件体中气孔的形成,而该处会有一相继氧化锡层形成覆盖在第二硅层上面。因此,在这里和在所附的权利要求中薄层的组份被定义为硅和氮化钛,但可以理解这些定义在其范围中可包括上面所讨论过的微量元素和过渡层。
玻璃基底或基体的成份不会在结构上或化学上影响淀积的涂层的组成,组是由于不同种类的玻璃具有不同的太阳光吸收特性,因此会影响到产品的最终性能。不同颜色的玻璃-透明,兰-绿,灰和青铜色-在太阳光谱的可见光和红外区吸收不同光线而改变产品的性能和外观。其他玻璃组成也会影响这些特性。
上述例Ⅱ和例Ⅳ的方法,包含了在退火炉中从分配器30直接向着玻璃上面用一种由98.6%体积的空气和1.4%体积的四甲基锡所组成的气体来处理涂镀玻璃35。此处理的目的是向早已形成的硅-氮化钛-硅层上面形成一氧化锡涂层。为了使四甲基锡能沉积出氧化锡涂层,需要氧化性气氛。空气是用于此目的的合适氧化气体,但富含氧或氮或甚至其他惰性气体的空气都可代替空气。在空气中高于1.6%体积的四甲基锡的混合物是可燃的,因此应避免。其他锡的化合物可代替四甲基锡,例如,氯化锡及可以买到的各种有机锡化合物。其实,亦可用各种金属氧化物,例如,二氧化钛涂层可用于硅-氮化钛-硅层上,例如,用四氯化钛;氧化铝涂层,例如,用二乙基氯化铝;氧化硅涂层,例如,从四氯化钛,硼化氢和二乙基氯化铝的混合物得到的氧化物/氧化硼/氧化铝涂层。
在上述例子中玻璃在分配器27,28,29的温度是1200±100°F(649±55℃)在气体分配器30下的温度是970±20°F(521±11℃)。在未被从分配器30出来的空气-四甲基锡气体处理前玻璃在退火炉12的氧化气氛(空气)中的停留时间约6分钟。
总而言之,根据本发明的涂镀玻璃制件包括玻璃基体,粘附在基体表面上约100至400埃厚的第一硅涂层,粘附在第一硅涂层上约500至1200埃厚的氮化钛涂层,粘附在氮化钛涂层上约100至400埃厚的第二硅涂层和粘附在第二硅涂层上的一选择金属氧化物涂层。若存在金属氧化物涂层的话,最好是一层厚度约为150至300埃的氧化锡。
涂镀制件具有可见光透射率少于15%和在玻璃一边和涂层一边测量的遮蔽系数少于0.35,最好在0.23至0.32范围,在玻璃一边测量的比在涂层一边测量的要低。根据本发明一种特别优良的窗用玻璃,并包括一粘附在第二硅涂层上的氧化锡涂层,包括厚度为150至300埃的第一和第二硅涂层,和一厚度为600至1100埃的氮化钛涂层,及厚度在150埃至250埃范围的氧化锡涂层。这种玻璃具有可见光透射率范围在5至少12%之间和在玻璃一边测量的遮蔽系数范围在0.23至0.28之间,在涂层一边的遮蔽系数在0.26至0.31之间,但在所有情况下都比在玻璃一边的要高。
从上述所公开的本发明具体细节所作出的其他改变和改进对于技术熟练的人员是显然易见的,并且若在所附的权利要求定义内所可作出不脱离本发明精神和范围的其他改变和改进,对于技术熟练的人员也是显而易见的。

Claims (19)

1、涂层制品包括玻璃基片,
粘附在玻璃基片上的第一层硅涂层,
粘附在硅涂层上的氮化钛涂层,
粘附在氮化钛涂层上的第二层硅涂层,
粘附在第二层硅涂层上的任选的金属氧化物涂层。
2、根据权利要求1所示的涂层玻璃制品,其中在玻璃一侧和在涂层一侧测定而遮蔽系数,低于0.35,以及可见光透射率小于15%。
3、根据权利要求1所示的涂层玻璃制品,其中在玻璃一侧和在涂层一侧测定的遮蔽系数在0.23到0.35的范围内,以及在玻璃一侧测得的值低于涂层一侧的值。
4、涂层制品包括玻璃基片;
第一层厚约100至400
Figure 87106530_IMG1
的硅涂层,粘附在玻璃基片上,
厚约500到1200
Figure 87106530_IMG2
的氮化钛涂层,粘附在第一层硅涂层上,
厚约100到400
Figure 87106530_IMG3
的第二层硅涂层粘附在氮化钛涂层上,以及
任选的氧化锡涂层粘附在第二层硅涂层上。
5、根据权利要求4所述的涂层制品,其中包括粘附在第二层硅涂层上的氧化锡涂层,氧化锡涂层的厚度大约为150到300
Figure 87106530_IMG4
6、根据权利要求4所述的涂层制品,其中在玻璃一侧测得的遮蔽系数范围为0.23到0.28,在涂层一侧测得的遮蔽系数范围为0.26到0.31,总之要高于玻璃一侧的值,制品的可见光透射率为5到10%。
7、根据权利要求6所述的涂层制品,其中包括粘附在第二层硅涂层上的氧化锡涂层,而第一层硅涂层的厚度大约为150到300
Figure 87106530_IMG5
,氮化钛涂层的厚度大约为600到1100
Figure 87106530_IMG6
,第二层硅涂层的厚度大约为150到300 ,以及氧化锡涂层的厚度大约为150到250
Figure 87106530_IMG8
,制品从玻璃一侧和涂层一侧具有低纯蓝到银色反射。
8、涂层制品包括玻璃基片,
第一层厚度为150到300
Figure 87106530_IMG9
的硅涂层并粘附在玻璃基片上,
厚度为500到1200
Figure 87106530_IMG10
的氮化钛涂层并粘附在第一层硅涂层上,以及
第二层厚度为150到300
Figure 87106530_IMG11
的硅涂层并粘附在氮化钛涂层上。
9、根据权利要求1所述的涂层玻璃制品,其中制品涂层一侧的辐射率为0.22到0.38,并且当制品作为窗玻璃装在建筑物上涂层向内在冬季条件下计算的U值比相同组分和厚度的未涂层的玻璃要低30%。
10、一种涂层玻璃制品包括玻璃基片,
粘附在玻璃基片上的第一层硅涂层,
粘附在第一层硅涂层上的氮化钛涂层,
粘附在氮化钛涂层上的第二层硅涂层,
含有任选的耐磨的金属氧化物涂层粘附在第二层硅涂层上,在玻璃一侧和涂层一侧测得的该制品的遮蔽系数小于0.35和可见光透射率小于15%。
11、根据权利要求10所述的涂层玻璃制品,其中在玻璃一侧和涂层一侧测得的遮蔽系数为0.23到0.35,而在玻璃一侧测到的值要低于涂层一侧测量的值。
12、根据权利要求10所述的涂层玻璃制品,其中涂层一侧的辐射率为0.22到0.38。
13、一种制备热反射玻璃的方法,包括在其表面具有多层涂层的玻璃基片,而在玻璃表面和涂层表面测得的遮蔽系数低于0.35,并且在玻璃一侧表面的值低于在涂层一侧表面的值,其方法包括以下步骤:
(a)在非氧化气氛中维持玻璃基片的温度至少在1100°F,
(b)用含有硅烷的气体混合物与玻璃基片的一表面接触足够的时间,以在玻璃侧表面形成第一层硅涂层,
(c)用包括氨和四囟化钛的非氧化气体与第一层硅涂层接触足够的时间,在第一层硅涂层上形成氮化钛涂层,
(d)用含硅烷气体的混合物与氮化钛涂层接触足够时间,在氮化钛涂层上形成第二层硅涂层,
(e)从所述的非氧化气氛中移出涂层玻璃基片,再将该基片冷却到室温。
14、根据权利要求13的方法,其中包括在步骤(d)之后和步骤(e)之前,将该玻璃基片在温度至少约为925°F及在氧化气氛中的涂层表面与含有金属化合物的混合物接触,热分解形成金属氧化物的耐磨涂层。
15、根据权利要求13的方法,其中该四囟化钛是四氯化钛。
16、一种制备热反射玻璃的方法,包括在其表面具有多层涂层的玻璃基片,而测得玻璃一侧表面和涂层一侧表面的遮蔽系数低于0.35,并且在玻璃一侧表面的值低于涂层一侧表面的值,其方法包括下列步骤:
(a)在非氧化气氛中维持玻璃基片至少在1100°F的温度,
(b)用含硅烷和烯烃的气体混合物与玻璃基片的一表面接触足够的时间,在该表面形成第一层硅涂层,
(c)含有氨和四囟化钛的非氧化气体与第一涂层接触足够时间,在第一层硅涂层上形成氮化钛涂层,
(d)用含硅烷和烯烃的气体混合物与该氮化钛涂层接触足够的时间,在氮化钛涂层上形成第二层含硅涂层,以及
(e)从该非氧化气氛中移出该涂层玻璃基片,并将该基片冷却至室温。
17、根据权利要求16的方法,其中包括在步骤(e)之前,将该玻璃基片在温度至少约为925°F及在氧化气氛中第二层硅涂层与含有金属化合物的混合物接触,在第二层含硅涂层上热分解形成含金属氧化物的耐磨涂层。
18、根据权利要求16的方法,其中烯烃为乙烯。
19、根据权利要求16的方法,其中四囟化钛为四氯化钛。
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AU608255B2 (en) 1991-03-28
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AU8032787A (en) 1988-03-24
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