CN85109639B - 一种含聚四氟乙烯的轴承材料 - Google Patents

一种含聚四氟乙烯的轴承材料 Download PDF

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CN85109639B
CN85109639B CN85109639A CN85109639A CN85109639B CN 85109639 B CN85109639 B CN 85109639B CN 85109639 A CN85109639 A CN 85109639A CN 85109639 A CN85109639 A CN 85109639A CN 85109639 B CN85109639 B CN 85109639B
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格林德华·约翰·戴维斯
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    • F16C2208/00—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
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Abstract

一种抗气蚀腐蚀的滑动轴承材料，由钢质轴瓦、烧结的青铜夹层、及聚四氟乙烯面料组成，其中的聚四氟乙烯面料，按体积计，填充在１－５０％的水溶性低的离子性氟化物。

Description

一种含聚四氟乙稀的轴承材料
本发明涉及滑动轴承，尤其涉及油类润滑轴承。这种轴承在用于如汽车的Mepherson型减震器场合时，必须要有很低的摩擦力，特别是很低的静摩擦（滑动摩擦）。
由于这些场合要求很低的摩擦，一般说来，唯一适用的轴承滑动面材料，其很大部分为聚四氟乙烯（PTFE），因为除了它以外，看来没有一种材料能达到合乎要求的低摩擦范围。但是，单是PTFE，其性能很软，易于弯曲，它的磨损速度高出了容许范围。因而，必须向PTFE轴承面料里添加较硬的材料，以降低磨损，使轴承的使用寿命合乎要求。
如今在这些用途中所用的轴承，由钢质轴瓦和轴承层组成，钢质轴瓦带有多孔的青铜烧结层，轴承层由加填料的PTFE所组成。轴承层填满了烧结层的空隙，并在上面拼成一层约25微米的薄层，应用最广的轴承层制品，是填入20%（按体积计）二硫化铅或二硫化钼的PTFE。
这些通用材料，在润滑油里发生空化的恶劣环境下，会遭到气蚀腐蚀。轴承在如齿轮泵，航空用燃料泵，以及汽车减震器这些用途中，连杆的异常高的速度相对轴承表面运动（大于3米/秒），在这样高的反向速度下，便在现气蚀腐蚀的危险状态。这样的结果，导致含填料的PTFE层，单受润滑油作用，没有摩擦磨耗，从而脱离烧结层。
本发明的目的是提供一种滑动轴承，它的上面有一层较坚固的加填料的PTFE相，这种材料比通用材料机械的完整性更好。
按照本发明，提供的这种滑动轴承，由金属轴瓦，轴瓦上的烧结层，以及烧结层上的轴承层所组成，其中，轴承层是由PTFE同一种低水溶性的离子性氟化物组成。
加入这种氟化物，可以改善轴承材料的机械完整性。这是因为这种氟化物比通用填充剂在化学性质上更容易与PTFE相容，而通用的填充剂并不被PTFE所润湿，因此没有同聚合物粘结。
按照本发明制造的轴承材料制品，能使轴承的抗气蚀腐蚀性大大提高，同时仍保留了通用材料合乎要求的摩擦和磨损性能。
轴瓦以钢质为佳，烧结层最好用锡-青铜或铝-青铜制成。氟化物在PTFE相中宜处于细碎态，其粒径范围为0.01-10微米;最好是0.1-1微米。细亚微米粒径已证明是有利的。在抗气蚀腐蚀性方面，含沉淀氟化钙的制品，此粒径大于1微米磨细的天然氟化钙制品优越。
氟化物的用量按体积计为1-50%，以10～30%，例如20%为佳。氟化物在水中的溶解度宜低于0.05克/100立方厘米（18℃）。水溶解性过大产生的有害影响可能与PTFE中混入填充剂的方法有关，这种方法是用PTFE的水分散液掺混入填充剂的水悬浮液。
最好采用溶解度小的元素周期表ⅡA族金属氟化物作填充剂。适用的氟化物有MgF2，SrF2以及CaF2，其中以CaF2最佳。溶解度较高的那些氟化物则不宜采用，适用的氟化物可以单独或组合起来使用。轴承材里还可以加入金属铅，不过，氟化物和铅的重量，按体积计不宜超过50%。
本发明还可扩展到上述轴承材制品本身。
本发明能以各种途径加以实施，一些具体内容将用以下实例来说明。
实施例1
用氯化钙水溶液加入氟化钠饱和水溶液沉淀出氟化钙。
分离得到的沉淀物，用离心和过滤方法洗去钠和氯离子，随后干燥，磨细，制成氟化钙。
这种方法可以制成粒径小于1（微米的很细的材料。材料的晶体结构不是典型的萤石结构，更可能是一种无定形凝胶体。它的组成并不完全相当于化学配比的CaF2。这种组成经水解到某个程度，产生约10%的羟基。
将1.74克这种材料同5千克PTFE充分混和，把混合物混涂在钢带基体上，钢带上预先涂有一层烧结的青铜粉，其粒径小于120目，然后，在360～380℃加热PTFE1-3分钟进行烧结。
由上面的带状物制成轴承衬套，并在Mcpherson减震器装置中作为导引轴衬进行测试。为比较起见，在同一测试装置中，测试两种其它制品的一般合格的轴衬，它们的面层，一种是20%Mos2填充的PTFE，另一种是20%铅填充的PTFE。在高杆速下运转测试得到的结果示于表1。（见表1）
表1列出了高杆速测试柱杆用轴承的结果，所用轴衬面料有不同的组成。在PTFE含20%CaF2的情况，观察到的气蚀腐蚀比先有技术在PTFE中混入20%Pb和20%MOS的制品明显要少。
在2米/秒杆速，一侧施加到100千克负载条件下，测试轴衬的磨损寿命，结果示于表Ⅱ。
表 Ⅱ
组成 失效寿命（小时）
20% CaF2 975
20% CaF2 1015
20% CaF2 805
20% Pb 290
20% Pb 310
20% Pb 315
20% MOS2 80
20% MOS2 290
20% MOS2 160
从表Ⅱ的结果，应该注意的是，由本发明的材料制作的轴衬，其寿命比一般合格的材料最好的结果还要高两倍多。当10%以上的轴衬面料已磨损掉25微米或更多的深度时，断定已经发生破坏（失效）。
实施例2
用含水氢氟酸与碳酸镁悬浮液作用以制备氟化镁，沉淀经洗涤、过滤，并进行干燥。
这种材料与PTFE混合后，便如例1所述，粘结到多孔的青铜烧结层上。该材料与填充铅和填充MOS2的一般合格的减震柱材料一起作抗气蚀腐测试，得到如表Ⅲ所示的优良结果。所取数值是每种材料测试十次的平均体积损失。
表 Ⅲ
超声气蚀的测试结果
PTFE中填料组成 平均体积损失
的体积百分数 ×10-3立方厘米
20% 铅 3.8
20% MOS2 8.5
20% CaF2 0.4
10%Pb和10%CaF2 1.3
20% MgF2 0.9
20% SrF2 1.3
表Ⅲ列出了对轴衬面层组成材料不同的轴承进行的超声气蚀测试结果，可以看到，采用本发明的制品，平均体积损失比先有技术所用的制品要低得多。
本发明材料的优良性能还将用附图加以说明，其中：
图1是摩擦系数对施加到轴衬的负载曲线图，轴衬面层材料为PTFE+20%CaF2，测试温度为75℃。
图2与图1相类似，轴衬面层材料也是PTFE+20CaF2，但测试温度为室温。
图3与图1相类似，轴衬面层材料为PTFE+20%Pb，测试温度为75℃。
图4与图1相类似，轴衬面层材料也是PTFE+20%Pb，但测试温度为室温。
图5是为得到图1-4所示结果所用测试装置的示意图。
先说明一下图5，测试装置包括油浴11，往复式钢质旋转轴12，以及轴承盖13，后两种部件都浸在油浴11里。轴承盖13自杠杆14的一端悬排下来，杠杆的支点为15。不同的负载16悬挂到杠杆14的另一端，由那里，对轴承盖13施加作用力。

Claims (9)

1、一种含聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）的轴承材料，其特征在于聚四氟乙烯与一种低水溶性的离子性氟化物完全混合。
2、根据权利要求1所述的材料，其特征在于氟化物用量按体积计为1-50%。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的材料，其特征在于氟化物在聚四氟乙烯中以细碎状态存在，它的粒径为0.01-10微米。
4、根据上述任何一项权利要求所述的材料，其特征在于氟化物在水中的溶解度（18℃）低于0.05克/100立方厘米。
5、根据权利要求4所述的材料，其特征在于氟化物是CaF2，ＭgF2或SrF2。
6、根据上述任何一项权利要求所述的材料，其特征在于还加入了金属铅。
7、一种滑动轴承，由金属轴瓦、轴瓦上的烧结层、以及烧结层上的轴承面层所组成，其特征在于轴承面层由上面任何一项权利要求所述的材料组成。
8、根据权利要求7所述的轴承，其特征在于轴瓦由钢制成。
9、根据权利要求7或8所述的轴承，其特征在于烧结层是烧结的青铜。
CN85109639A 1984-10-22 1985-10-21 一种含聚四氟乙烯的轴承材料 Expired CN85109639B (zh)

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GB8525729D0 (en) 1985-11-20
CA1246538A (en) 1988-12-13
ES8702596A1 (es) 1986-12-16
GB2166142B (en) 1988-03-02
EP0183375A2 (en) 1986-06-04
KR860003449A (ko) 1986-05-26
DE3580741D1 (de) 1991-01-10
AU4887485A (en) 1986-05-01
ZA858086B (en) 1987-05-27
ES548071A0 (es) 1986-12-16
EP0183375B1 (en) 1990-11-28
EP0183375A3 (en) 1989-04-12
US4865922A (en) 1989-09-12
BR8505232A (pt) 1986-07-29
IN166217B (zh) 1990-03-31
KR900000451B1 (ko) 1990-01-30
GB2166142A (en) 1986-04-30
GB8426637D0 (en) 1984-11-28
AU581692B2 (en) 1989-03-02
JPS61118452A (ja) 1986-06-05
CN85109639A (zh) 1986-08-27

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