CN85102831B - 从碳四混合物中除微量异丁烯的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于通过化学法从碳四馏分中除去异丁烯的方法。用杂多酸和金属的碳酸盐或硝酸盐作为原料,通过复分解反应制成酸式盐催化剂。用该催化剂以碳四馏分为原料在一定的条件下进行反应,在丁烯-1损失不大或不损失的情况下,将碳四混合物中的微量异丁烯除去。
Description
本发明是属于通过化学法从碳四混合物中除去异丁烯的方法。
丁烯-1作为LLDPE的共聚单体时需要高纯度(异丁烯含量<0.47重量%)。但由于丁烯-1和异丁烯的沸点非常接近(仅差0.6℃),因此通常的精馏法无法分离。
Shell Oil公司(US2,982,799)发表以杂多酸H4SiW12O40~SiO2为催化剂用齐聚法从丁烯-1、异丁烷和异丁烯的混合物中将异丁烯完全分离的方法。Philips petips公司(US4,301,315)也提到以杂多酸H4SiW12O40-SiO2和H3PMO12O40作为催化剂达到上述分离目的。但纯杂多酸用作异丁烯和丁烯-1分离为目的的齐聚催化剂时,由于催化剂的酸性过强,丁烯-1的异构化损失严重。
本发明的目的是制备用Zn2+等金属离子部分取代纯杂多酸中的H+的杂多酸酸式盐型异丁烯齐聚催化剂,以便从碳四混合物中除掉微量异丁烯,并减少丁烯-1的损失。
本发明由杂多酸酸式盐型异丁烯齐聚催化剂的制备和异丁烯的齐聚反应两部分构成。
一、异丁烯齐聚催化剂的制备
1.本发明的异丁烯齐聚催化剂有磷钨酸(H3PW12O40)、硅钨酸(H4SiW12O40)和磷钼酸(H3PMO12O40)的酸式盐,其平衡金属离子为Zn2+、Cr3+、Fe3+、Al3+、La3+、Cu2+、Ni2+、Co2+、Mn2+,Cd2+。其中以Zn2+和Fe3+的酸式盐为最佳。活性组分中,金属离子对H+的取代率为0.1%~99.9%,其中以66.6%~95%为佳。
2.催化剂以浸渍法担载于40~60目扩孔硅胶或Al2O3上。硅胶用3~4mol·(dm)-3的盐酸浸泡1昼夜,用无离子水洗至用AgNO3检测不出Cl-为止,120℃下干燥3小时,500℃下灼烧3小时。用火焰光度计检查含Na+量,每100g担体不超过1mmol为限。按计算量先把杂多酸溶解于适量水中,加入与其能进行复分解反应的金属盐如碳酸盐或硝酸盐,混合均匀后加入硅胶或Al2O3经搅拌蒸发干燥后在300℃下空气中灼烧3小时。这样便制得SiO2或Al2O3担载杂多酸酸式盐催化剂。
二、异丁烯的齐聚
反应原料是石油化工厂或炼油厂石油裂解后的碳四馏分,经乙腈抽提丁二烯和碳酸吸收异丁烯后的丁烯-1和丁烯-2为主成分,含有异丁烷和正丁烷,还含有1~3%(重量)的异丁烯、1%(重量)以下的丁二烯和微量丙烯的碳四混合物。反应温度通常为30~200℃,最适宜温度为50~150℃。反应压力取决于反应温度,通常为0.5~10MPa,尤以1~5MPa为宜,以保证碳四混合物在反应过程中保持液体状态。
反应是在液固固定床反应器中进行的,液体的体积流速取决于反应温度和催化剂的填充量,通常空速为0.1~10h-1,尤以0.2~4h-1为宜。
本发明的催化剂不同于纯杂多酸型催化剂,它不仅能去除原料中所含微量异丁烯,还保证丁烯-1组分的损失很少,而且该催化剂使用寿命长。以20%ZnHPW12O40-SiO2为例,以体积空速为1h-1,可连续运转1200小时以上,并容易再生。
以下实例中除特殊注明外,%-律指重量%,空速h-1指体积空速h-1。
实例1:称取5.78g(1.70mmol)H3PW12O4·29H2O溶于适量水,加入0.213g(1.70mmol)ZnCO3,反应完制取均匀溶液后加入20g40~60目扩孔硅胶,干燥后,300℃下灼烧3小时,制得25g20%ZnHPW12O40-SiO2催化剂。
原料组成如表1。本实例的实验以原料1作为反应原料。反应原料由无脉冲计量泵由底部压入固定床反应器,反应系统的控制压力为1.5~1.6MPa。反应温度用超级恒温槽的外循环水通过反应管夹套法加以控制和维持恒温。
原 料 | 碳四混合物组成(%) | ||||||
丁烷 | 丁烯-1 | 反丁烯-2 | 顺丁烯-2 | 异丁烯 | 丁二烯 | 丙烯 | |
1 | 13.25 | 59.23 | 17.05 | 5.75 | 1.14 | 0.77 | 1.14 |
2 | 11.45 | 59.76 | 15.60 | 7.65 | 2.24 | 0.64 | 0.95 |
3 | 13.09 | 57.73 | 17.70 | 5.99 | 3.10 | 0.66 | 0.95 |
反应过程中的检测分析用100型气相色谱仪进行。用AgNO3-乙二醇分离柱(长3m,柱温20℃)分离和氢火焰检测器,数据处理用日本岛津产Chromatopac C-RIB进行。
用20%ZnHPW12O40-SiO2催化剂对原料1进行的齐聚反应,实验结果如表2。60~70℃反应温度和1-3h-1空速下该催化剂表现出对异丁烯很好的选择性齐聚作用,丁烯-1的损失很小或不损失。表2中,出口碳四组分中的丁烯-1的百分比超过原料1中的含量是由于异丁烯的齐聚反应和丁烯-1的损失很少,而提高了丁烯-1在碳四组分中的相对浓度所致。
反应温度 | 空 速 | 出口碳四组分中的相对含量(%) | |
(%) | (h-1) | 异丁烯 | 丁烯-1 |
60 | 1 | 0.137 | 60.38 |
65 | 1 | 0.02 | 60.12 |
70 | 1 | 0 | 57.44 |
70 | 2 | 0.034 | 60.57 |
70 | 3 | 0.121 | 61.89 |
实例2:催化剂同例1,用异丁烯含量不同的几种碳四混合物作为原料进行实验。实验结果(见表3)表明异丁烯浓度在1~3%范围内,20%ZnHPW12O40-SiO2催化剂具有良好的齐聚反应活性,残留异丁烯对丁烯-1的比值小于0.4%,同时丁烯-1的损失很少。
原 料 | 反应温度 (℃) | 空 速 (h-1) | 碳四组分中的相对含量(%) | |
异丁烯 | 丁烯-1 | |||
1 | 65 | 1 | 0.02 | 60.12 |
2 | 65 | 1 | 0 | 58.83 |
3 | 65 | 1 | 0.22 | 57.63 |
1 | 75 | 1 | 0 | 54.67 |
2 | 75 | 1 | 0 | 53.83 |
3 | 75 | 1 | 0.02 | 54.04 |
实例3:13%Fe0.8H0.6PW12O40-SiO2催化剂制备方法类同于例1,加入的Fe盐为Fe(NO3)2。反应温度在80℃下用原料1进行反应,当空速为2h-1时出口碳四组分中异丁烯残留量为0.14%,丁烯-1为56.2%;空速为1h-1时异丁烯残留量为0.094%,丁烯-1为54.47%;空速为0.5h-1时异丁烯残留量为0,丁烯-1为49.48%。
Claims (5)
1、从碳四混合物中除微量异丁烯的方法,用杂多酸酸式盐作为异丁烯齐聚催化剂,其特征在于:
(1)碳四混合物中所含的异丁烯,在固定床反应器中,在温度为30℃~200℃、压力为0.5MPa~10MPa、体积空速为0.1h-1~10h-1的条件下进行反应,在温度为50℃~150℃、压力为1MPa~5MPa、体积空速为0.2h-1~4h-1时效果为佳;
(2)该催化剂是杂多酸同能与其进行复分解反应的碳酸盐或硝酸盐反应制成的酸式盐,催化剂以浸渍法担载于40~60目扩孔硅胶或Al2O3上,硅胶经3~4mol·(dm)3的盐酸浸泡,用无离子水洗涤、干燥和灼烧处理后,每100g担体中的Na+量不超过1mmol,按计算量先把杂多酸溶解于适量水中,加入碳酸盐或硝酸盐,混合均匀后加入硅胶或Al2O3,经搅拌、蒸发和干燥后,在300℃下,空气中灼烧3小时,催化剂中金属离子对H+的取代率为0.1%~99.9%,其中66.6%~95%时效果为佳。
2、根据权利要求1所述的从碳四混合物中除微量异丁烯的方法,其特征在于制备催化剂所用的杂多酸为磷钨酸和硅钨酸。
3、根据权利要求1、2所述的从碳四混合物中除微量异丁烯的方法,其特征在于所用的与杂多酸进行复分解反应的碳酸盐或硝酸盐的金属离子为Zn2+、Cr3+、Fe3+、Al3+、La3+、Cu2+、Ni2+、Co2+、Mn2+和Cd2+,其中Zn2+和Fe3+的效果为佳。
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US9498772B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 | 2016-11-22 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Unsupported metal substituted heteropolyacid catalysts for dimerization and/or oligomerization of olefins |
CN111375433B (zh) * | 2018-12-28 | 2023-02-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种异丁烯齐聚的方法 |
CN113582799B (zh) * | 2020-04-30 | 2023-09-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 低1-丁烯损失的混合碳四选择性叠合制备异辛烯的方法 |
CN113559897B (zh) * | 2021-07-29 | 2023-03-21 | 浙江皇马科技股份有限公司 | 一种负载型固体酸催化剂及制备方法 |
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