CN85102410B - 内燃机排气消声器 - Google Patents

内燃机排气消声器 Download PDF

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CN85102410B
CN85102410B CN85102410A CN85102410A CN85102410B CN 85102410 B CN85102410 B CN 85102410B CN 85102410 A CN85102410 A CN 85102410A CN 85102410 A CN85102410 A CN 85102410A CN 85102410 B CN85102410 B CN 85102410B
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pipe
tube wall
core tube
core
silencing apparatus
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CN85102410A (zh
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孙义昌
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Priority to CN85102410A priority Critical patent/CN85102410B/zh
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Publication of CN85102410A publication Critical patent/CN85102410A/zh
Priority to CA000503822A priority patent/CA1264300A/en
Priority to DE8686103289T priority patent/DE3663562D1/de
Priority to EP86103289A priority patent/EP0199942B1/en
Priority to US06/839,062 priority patent/US4712644A/en
Priority to JP61071406A priority patent/JPS61232316A/ja
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/003Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using dead chambers communicating with gas flow passages
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/24Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using sound-absorbing materials

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)

Abstract

内燃机排气消声器属于一种内燃机排气系统消声器,特别是供汽车、拖拉机用排气消声器。前管截面积、各支芯管截面积之和、尾管截面积均相等,喇叭管大端与各芯管为整体连接结构,芯管壁上穿孔采用渐缩孔型翻边孔,尾管内设有分流板,排气流进入前管后变径分流,可提高扩张比,使噪声值明显下降,背压降低,输出功率损失减少,整车噪声降到80~83分贝(A),油耗相应降低6~8.8%。

Description

内燃机排气消声器
本发明属于一种内燃机排气消声器,特别是供汽车、拖拉机用排气消声器。
当前,汽车、拖拉机上所使用的消声器,一般都根据消耗排气流的能量,并平衡气流压力波动的消声原理,所以在消声器的结构设计上,均采用重复地使气流通过收缩而又扩大的断面,多次改变气流方向,或将气流分割为很小的支流沿不平滑表面流动,这种结构虽能达到消声作用,但排气不通畅,造成背压增加,在发动机最高转速时,输出功率的损失可达5%~10%,车速愈高,排气阻力愈大,功率损失愈多,油耗也相应增加,影响车辆的工作特性,例如已知的用于我国解放CA-10B型4吨载重货车消声器,其前管截面积大于尾管截面积30%,使排出气流速度增加,阻抗增加,不但降低了消声效果,而且油耗也相应增加。如何解决消声器消声效果好,发动机功率损失小的技术难题是十分关注的问题。美国专利US4203503和US4209076提出了一种排气先进入吸收声能的谐振腔室,而后进入消耗声能的膨胀腔室,最后排入大气中的排气消声器。但这种结构的消声器仍存在排气不通畅,排阻较大,消声效果和发动机功率损失都不能达到理想值。
本发明的目的是为汽车、拖拉机配备一种消减宽频带噪声,耗油少的低背压排气消声器。
本发明提供的汽车、拖拉机用排气消声器,在前、后端盖封闭的圆筒体内,有若干个由隔板隔成不等容积的腔室。前、后端盖分别开有与渐放喇叭管和尾管的配装孔、该孔的几何中心线与圆筒体轴心线一致。喇叭管小端与前管接合或成整体形。芯管壁上开有与腔室连通并呈渐缩孔型翻边孔。各芯管经前腔室穿过各个隔板上同轴心等径距圆周均布的相应通孔到末腔室,芯管两端分别向喇叭管的大端面和尾管前端面呈辐射状渐缩,其倾斜角分别为3°~5°和5°~10°,芯管的渐缩端呈扇形截面组合一起,在前腔室与喇叭管大端成直插整体连接结构,在末腔室与后端盖尾管前端面接合。前管截面积、芯管截面积之和、尾管截面积均相等。尾管内设有分流板,尾管出口呈正弦波形。
气流由发动机排气管经前管进入,在喇叭管的大端,以变径分流方式使气流从扇形孔道,进入相应的各芯管。当气流至各芯管的翻边孔处,根据抗性消声原理,声波向声源处反射,达到消声的作用,由于气流变细后,大幅度地提高扩张比,使消声量显着提高,废气在各芯管翻边孔位置,因压力变化,使含有粉尘的废气因膨胀和离心作用,沿各芯管的穿孔段向内腔散落,使排气烟度下降,起到机外净化作用。为了消减中、低频噪声,采用不同容积的谐振腔。为了有效控制高频噪声成分,在末腔内各芯管穿孔段外侧,填充一定容积的吸声材料。各芯管壁的穿孔形状采用渐缩孔型翻边孔,使芯管内壁气流阻力减小。在尾管内设有分流板,主要防止废气集中时产生共振。尾管出气端呈正弦波形,可使气流均匀排出大气。
本发明的优点:
1.由于前管截面积、芯管截面积和、尾管截面积均相等,保证废气等量、连续排放,减少排气背压损失,输出功率损失也减少,油耗相应降低。
2.采取变径分流方式,芯管由单支路变为多支路,有效地降低噪声值。
3.由于废气在消声器内腔能等量、连续排放,排气通畅,各芯管穿孔段又能将粉尘扩散到消声器内腔,起到机外净化作用,较好地改善排气烟度。
4.各芯管壁上穿孔为渐缩孔型翻边孔,因此内壁光滑,可减少芯管内排气阻力,使排气通畅。
5.由于能使废气等量、连续排放,延长了消声器使用寿命,并使发动机工况处于良性循环。
本发明的消声器其性能指标列于表一。
表一、为解放CA-10B型4吨载重货车在使用本发明的消声器与原消声器进行试验时,其噪声、油耗的对比表:
整车噪声 百公里油耗(升)
30公里/时 40公里/时 50公里/时
原解放消声器 87-91 分贝(A) 26.08 26.32 29.06
本发明消声器 80-83 分贝(A) 25.64 25.67 26.50
节油量 0.41 0.65 2.56
节油率 1.6% 2.4% 8.8%
本发明的一个实施例将结合下列附图详细说明。
图1.表示四腔、八芯管阻抗复合式消声器纵向剖面图;
图2.表示前管和喇叭管处各芯管的扇形截面组合图;
图3.表示多芯管在隔板上布置图;
图4.表示芯管壁上渐缩孔型翻边孔横向剖面图;
图5.表示尾管内分流板布置图及尾管出口正弦波形展开图;
图6.表示芯管扇形截面透视图。
参照图1所示的四腔八芯管阻抗复合式消声器,实施情况如下:
φ60的前管(1)与喇叭管(3)的小端组焊在一起,喇叭管(3)的大端与内径为φ22的八支芯管(5)采用直插整体组焊而成。组焊处,喇叭管(3)用筋板分隔成的八条扇形孔道,与八支芯管(5)的扇形端一一对应。每支芯管从组焊处均以3°~5°倾斜角向前隔板(4)呈辐射状延伸,并在前隔板(4)、中隔板(6)、后隔板(8)相对应的孔中穿过,在前隔板(4)与后隔板(8)之间八支芯管(5)与筒体轴线平行配装。从后隔板(8)到尾管(11),八支芯管(5)均以5°~10°的倾斜角呈辐射状渐缩,并组合成扇形筋板,与尾管(11)内分流板(12)一端相对应组焊在一起。分流板(12)由八块板组成,按预先规定的比例尺寸产生螺旋梯度,分流板(12)与尾管(11)内壁之间有一间隙。尾管(11)出口呈正弦波形,芯管壁上穿孔为渐缩孔型翻边孔,各腔室内的同轴心等径距圆周均布的相邻芯管壁上翻边孔组在轴向彼此错开布置,穿孔率为30%~50%。前管(1)截面积、八支芯管(5)截面积之和、以及尾管(11)截面积的关系为:
28.3(φ60)=3.54(φ22)×8=28.3(φ60)
……(单位:平方厘米)
最后,将整个组装部件,从筒体(7)一端装入,并焊好前端盖(2),在第四腔室内填入玻璃棉(9)吸声材料,然后焊好后端盖(10)。
使用这种八芯管阻抗复合式消声器,使整车噪声值可降到80~83分贝(A)(4~5吨级载重货车,代表车型为解放CA-10B型,东风EQ-140型),不仅低于国家规定机动车辆允许噪声标准86分贝(A)(GB1195-79),而且低于美、日、西德等国允许噪声标准83~84分贝(A)(引自“汽车技术”84年第7期东风EQ-140载重货车噪声分析一文)。由于减少了排气背压,使输出功率损失减少,油耗相应降低,比使用原消声器(在车速为50公里/时,单车、满载工况的等速油耗对比),可节油6%~8.8%,烟度和废气排放指标也相应有所改善。

Claims (10)

1、内燃机排气消声器,特别是供汽车、拖拉机用排气消声器,在前、后端盖封闭的圆筒体内,有若干个由隔板隔成不等容积的腔室,前、后端盖分别开有与发动机排气口有相同直径的前管和尾管的配装孔,该孔的几何中心线与圆筒体轴心线一致,芯管壁上开有与腔室连通的穿孔,芯管穿过隔板上与其配合的通孔并彼此与圆筒体轴心线平行,本发明的特征是前管带有大端与前端盖配装孔相适应的渐放喇叭管,各芯管壁上与腔室连通的穿孔为翻边孔,各芯管均穿过每个隔板上同轴心等径距圆周均布的相应通孔,芯管两端分别向喇叭管的大端面和尾管前端面呈辐射状渐缩,其倾斜角分别为3°~5°和5°~10°,渐缩端呈扇形截面组合一起,喇叭管与各芯管采用直插整体连接结构,尾管内设有分流板,尾管出口呈正弦波形。
2、根据权利要求1所述的消声器,其特征在于前管截面积、芯管截面积之和、尾管截面积相等。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的消声器,其特征是末腔室填充有吸声材料。
4、根据权利要求1或2所述的消声器,其特征是芯管壁上的翻边孔为渐缩孔型。
5、根据权利要求3所述的消声器,其特征是芯管壁上的翻边孔为渐缩孔型。
6、根据权利要求4所述的消声器,其特征是各腔室内同轴心等径距圆周均布的相邻芯管壁上的翻边孔组在轴向彼此错开布置。
7、根据权利要求5所述的消声器,其特征是各腔室内同轴心等径距圆周均布的相邻芯管壁上的翻边孔组在轴向彼此错开布置。
8、根据权利要求6或7所述的消声器,其特征是芯管壁上的翻边孔的穿孔率为30%~50%。
9、根据权利要求7所述的消声器,其特征是芯管壁上的翻边孔为渐缩孔型。
10、根据权利要求9所述的消声器,其特征是芯管壁上的翻边孔的穿孔率为30%~50%。
CN85102410A 1985-04-01 1985-04-01 内燃机排气消声器 Expired CN85102410B (zh)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN85102410A CN85102410B (zh) 1985-04-01 1985-04-01 内燃机排气消声器
CA000503822A CA1264300A (en) 1985-04-01 1986-03-11 Exhaust silencer for internal combustion engines
DE8686103289T DE3663562D1 (en) 1985-04-01 1986-03-12 Exhaust silencer for internal combustion engines
EP86103289A EP0199942B1 (en) 1985-04-01 1986-03-12 Exhaust silencer for internal combustion engines
US06/839,062 US4712644A (en) 1985-04-01 1986-03-13 Exhaust silencer for internal combustion engines
JP61071406A JPS61232316A (ja) 1985-04-01 1986-03-31 内燃機関用排気ガス消音器

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CN85102410A CN85102410B (zh) 1985-04-01 1985-04-01 内燃机排气消声器

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CN85102410B true CN85102410B (zh) 1985-09-10
CN85102410A CN85102410A (zh) 1985-09-10

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US (1) US4712644A (zh)
EP (1) EP0199942B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPS61232316A (zh)
CN (1) CN85102410B (zh)
CA (1) CA1264300A (zh)
DE (1) DE3663562D1 (zh)

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CA1264300A (en) 1990-01-09
JPS61232316A (ja) 1986-10-16
EP0199942B1 (en) 1989-05-24
DE3663562D1 (en) 1989-06-29
EP0199942A1 (en) 1986-11-05
US4712644A (en) 1987-12-15
JPH0465203B2 (zh) 1992-10-19
CN85102410A (zh) 1985-09-10

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