CN2771202Y - Two-cladding-layer, two-film-layer spherical fertilizer - Google Patents
Two-cladding-layer, two-film-layer spherical fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN2771202Y CN2771202Y CN 03245541 CN03245541U CN2771202Y CN 2771202 Y CN2771202 Y CN 2771202Y CN 03245541 CN03245541 CN 03245541 CN 03245541 U CN03245541 U CN 03245541U CN 2771202 Y CN2771202 Y CN 2771202Y
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a double cladding layer and double envelope layer spherical fertilizer, which relates to a novel slow release fertilizer and belongs to the technical field of fertilizers. The utility model is composed of a quick release nitrogen fertilizer kernel layer, a double cladding layer and a double envelope layer; through the adjustment of the fertilizer, the slow release velocity of nutrient element can be changed; the utility model has the characteristics of cladding fertilizers, envelope fertilizers and multielement complex and mixed granular fertilizers, and has the advantages of ecological environment improvement, agricultural product quality optimization, low cost, no pollution to soil, etc. The utilization per cent of nitrogen fertilizers can be effectively raised, and the fertilizer effect period of the nitrogen fertilizers is extended; the utility model can be used as a one-off full dose base fertilizer. The utility model is especially suitable for a cultivation-free novel agricultural plowing method, etc. with inconvenience in top-dressing.
Description
Technical field
It is core with the powdery instant nitrogenousfertilizer that the utility model relates to a kind of, successively form inside and outside integument respectively with diatomite or wilkinite and peat and fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and sylvite powder successively, form body in the structure, the more two integuments of the spheric of the double-deck clothing film of outsourcing, the spherical fertilizer of double-contracting rete.Belong to technical field of fertilizers.
Background technology
Urea is the maximum solid chemical fertilizer of consumption in the agrochemical in the world, it has the nitrogen content height, use conveniently, the advantage that quality is more stable, but after being manured into soil, because the effect of urase and restore nitrification enzyme, be converted into ammonia-state nitrogen and nitric nitrogen very soon and the part of volatilizing, and can not be all absorbed by crop immediately, often cause murder by poisoning and molten pouring loss crop seedling, add the soil nitrogen fixation, nitrogen loss is more, causes the urea fertilizer utilization ratio not high, and fertilizer efficiency period is also shorter, so in crop, later stage need impose repeatedly nitrogenous fertilizer, could satisfy the required nutrient of crop whole growing.
The sixties, in order to solve the technical barrier that crop root fertilizer utilization ratio is not high and fertilizer efficiency period is short, relevant experts and scholars researched and developed various slow release long-acting fertilizer both at home and abroad so far.Its method mainly is: add properties-correcting agent such as urea aldehyde in raw material nitrogenous fertilizer, or add synergistic agent such as quinhydrones or Dyhard RU 100 or be coated with vegetable and animals oils, pitch, paraffin, sulphur, natural or synthetic resins at fertiliser granulates surface bag, as coated carbamide, they can delay the decomposition rate of nitrogen, improve its nitrogen utilization efficiency, but higher because of production cost, fail extensively to promote the use of.Current coated slow-release long-acting fertilizer, the prevailing price height is 1.7~8 times of similar fertilizer, and remains in the not wear-resisting caducous drawback of coating and do not reach its intended purposes.Two integuments that macrobead, intensity and fastness to rubbing are high, the spherical fertilizer of double-contracting rete are not seen the patent documentation report as yet.
Summary of the invention
At all drawbacks that exist in the above-mentioned fertilizer, the utility model provides a kind of pair of integument, the spherical fertilizer of double-contracting rete, it can make utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer bring up to 60.0%~80.0% below 40.0% by original, the fertilizer efficiency period that can make nitrogenous fertilizer again by extended to 100 days in original 40 days~60 days~150 days, can make disposable full dose base manure uses, can satisfy the nutrient demand of plant whole growing, and needn't repeatedly topdress in the intermediary and later stages of plant.
The technical scheme that the utility model technical solution problem is adopted is: with agramon is core, with diatomite or wilkinite and peat is interior integument, with fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and sylvite powder is the external parcel layer, form body in the structure, successively be coated with interior coating membrance and the outer coatings film that forms desired thickness successively again with activated humic acid and compound binding agent bag, dry respectively and two integuments, the double-contracting rete sphere fertilizer of desired size.
The utility model is a kind of fertilizer new product, is a kind of novel, good slow-release fertilizer, also derives innovation base manure and adds this traditional fertilization method of topdressing.
Use it, the existing water conservation of improving the soil is kept soil from packing together, and strengthens resistance, improves fertilizer efficiency, promotes, stimulates plant growth, improves output, improves the effect of quality of agricultural product.Saving of labor, joint fertilizer are protected environment again, and comprehensive benefit is that economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit are obvious.
Both contained fertilizer peat, activated humic acid in the utility model, contained inorganic fertilizer urea again, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and sylvite powder.These element cooperative interactions; more can give full play to their function and effects separately; can promote; stimulate plant growth; simultaneously to the nitrogen of chemical fertilizer; phosphorus; potassium plays synergism; and also reduce ammonia; the volatilization of nitrogen and loss; the protection environment; the utilization ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer is significantly improved, reduce soil fixing to mineral element simultaneously, also activate mineral element; particularly activate the phosphorus element; make in the soil and the fixedly phosphorus of ground phosphate rock changes available phosphorus into, can be utilized by plant absorbing, again the multiple mineral element of absorption displacement; as: potassium; magnesium; iron; manganese; zinc etc., thereby plain utilization ratio of phosphorus and the also obviously raising of potassium utilization rate.
Diatomite in the utility model or wilkinite, peat; has water-absorbent; adsorptivity and cationic exchange; ureaclastic ammonia, nitrogen can be adsorbed onto in its minute aperture, play the nitrogen fixing slow release effect, reduce fertile part and run off; the protection environment; improve the utilization ratio of nitrogen effectively, the release performance of nitrogen and crop regulation of fertilizer requirement are coordinated substantially, and made long-actingization of fertilizer.When the ammonium concentration in the plant surrounding soil is low, the ammonia that is attracted to diatomite and peat micropore just slowly discharges, slowly and continually be exuded to by absorption, absorption, kapillary combined effect and do in the object, satisfy the plant nutritional needs in three vegetative period better, also reduce the plain loss of more than half N simultaneously.The required multiple element of introduced plant growth also, an amount of organic, humic acids, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and silicon, calcium, magnesium etc.
Urea in the utility model structure, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and sylvite powder provide crop growth necessary three big element and various trace elements, promote plant growth, improve quality of agricultural product, improve output.Ureaclastic ammonia, nitrogen are by slow release long-actingization.Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, ground phosphate rock are slow-release fertilizer, though sylvite powder processable through the double-contracting film, behind the two slow release layer combined effects, also becomes slow-release fertilizer.So this fertilizer only needs disposable full dose base manure to use, and can satisfy the demand of crop whole growth phase to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and needn't repeatedly impose nitrogenous fertilizer or phosphate fertilizer or potash fertilizer, reduces and uses comprehensive cost.
Interior coating membrance in the utility model structure, improve fertilizer intensity, can delay the nitrogen dispose procedure, be plant growth stimulator, nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent, promote, stimulate plant growth, biologically active, increase fertilizer efficiency, provide crop required nutrient, preferred activated humic acid, its thickness is 0.02mm~0.8mm.
The utility model structure is coating membrance at home and abroad, can delay the dispose procedure of nitrogen, improves the intensity and the fastness to rubbing of fertilizer, provide crop required nutrient, the shellac degradable is utilized by soil, and preferably by the mixing compound binding agent that becomes of shellac and ground phosphate rock, its thickness is 0.02mm~0.8mm.
The utility model adopts fertilizer Wrapped fertilizer, the manufacture method of fertilizer coating fertilizer.Used pair of integument, double-contracting rete raw material sources are wide, and price is low, and nontoxic, and is pollution-free.
In the utility model structure, two integuments are if need to strengthen cohesiveness, can spray in right amount to add 3% phosphoric acid solution, have also increased main management simultaneously and have supported element phosphor content.
Two integuments, double-contracting rete delay the release characteristics of nitrogen more, and be consistent substantially with the crop regulation of fertilizer requirement.
The double-contracting rete, can dip-coating or spraying or rolling be coated with drying and form.
The utility model has the characteristics of Wrapped fertilizer, coated fertilizer and multi-element particle composite fertilizer concurrently.Also have two integuments, the double-contracting rete all has fertilizer efficiency, cost is lower, to the pollution-free advantage of soil.
Core layer, interior integument and external parcel layer weight sum account for the 80%-95% of fertilizer gross weight in the utility model structure, and inside and outside coating layer weight sum accounts for 5%-20%.Profile diameter is 2mm-15mm.
Regulate the structure of this fertilizer, or the thickness of the pH value of its component or integument, coating layer, the nutritive element sustained release rate can be changed, to adapt to the needs of Different Crop length in vegetative period.Change of the present utility model group becoming can make to be used for the special-purpose fertilizer of various objectives, special-purpose fertile as the leaf vegetables of happiness N class, happiness P class citrus special fertilizer is liked K class sugarcane special-purpose fertilizer etc., to adapt to the plant physiology characteristic, reaches volume increase, increases income purpose.
Core layer urea, through interior integument, external parcel layer, inner investment layer and outsourcing rete, the slow releasing function of these four layers of slow release layers is by combined effects such as absorption, absorption and kapillaries, slowly and constantly infiltrate into and do in the object, fundamentally overcome fugitive this defective of urea.Phosphorus element and potassium element also slowly and constantly by inside and outside coating layer, infiltrate into and do in the object.Thereby satisfy nutrient requirement crop three breeding times better to main nutrient elements and middle trace element.
The utility model is spherical in shape, can bear bigger pressure than other shape.And particle is big, and intensity improves relatively.The double-contracting rete increases its intensity and fastness to rubbing again, is beneficial to storage, loading and unloading or transportation, also is suitable for mechanized application.
The utility model also can be made into ellipse.Itself and sphere belong to convex-shaped surface together, have similar anomalous performance.
The utility model structural core layer urea, also available other instant nitrogenousfertilizer replaces as ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride or bicarbonate of ammonia.
The utility model can significantly reduce the plain loss of N, makes utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer by the original 60%-80% that brings up to below 40%, and nitrogen is slowly discharged, and makes the fertilizer effectiveness phase extend to 100 days-150 days by original 40 days-60 days.Can make disposable full dose base manure and use, can satisfy the nutrient requirement of different growing stages, and needn't repeatedly topdress.Use it, saving of labor, joint fertilizer can be saved the 20%-40% rate of fertilizer application, reduce the fertilising comprehensive cost, and can make quality of agricultural product optimization, and volume increase reduces environmental pollution again, improves the ecological environment, and comprehensive benefit is that economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit are obvious.
The utility model product is applicable to general soil and crop, comprise cash crop such as grain and oil crop, fruit tree, vegetables and sugarcane, especially be suitable for cash crop such as soilless cultivating flowers, cloudy living ornamental crops and strawberry, be specially adapted to as multiple film, exempt to intertill and new agricultural technology that inconvenience such as rice field fish culture is topdressed, solved the crucial difficult problem of these new technologies, made it can give full play to due net effect.
But the utility model product is executed or is contacted crop top application or side and executes, and its utilization rate of fertilizer improves successively, i.e. it is better that effect is executed in contact.
The utility model compared with prior art has following beneficial effect: can improve utilization rate of fertilizer effectively, and prolong the fertilizer effectiveness phase, can make disposable full dose base manure and use; Intensity and fastness to rubbing are higher; Comprehensive benefit is obvious.
Raw materials quality requires as follows:
<1〉urea: contain N amount 〉=46.0% (butt), moisture content≤3.0%, biuret≤1.0%, fineness: powdery.
<2〉diatomite: moisture content≤12.0%, fineness 120-200 order.
Wilkinite: grade: more than 60%, moisture content≤12.0%, fineness 100-120 order.
<3〉peat: grade contains HA 〉=35.0% moisture content≤15.0% fineness 60 orders-80 order.
<4〉activated humic acid: weathered coal, water and activator are puddled even heating and constantly stir, boil half an hour, be cooled to 70 ℃~80 ℃, add clear water and transfer to pH7.5~7.2 and get.Wherein, weathered coal contains HA 〉=60%, moisture content≤20%, fineness 80-120 order.Activator: chemical reagent.
<5〉compound binding agent: press raw material weight % proportioning shellac 25.0%, ground phosphate rock 2.0%, all the other are water, add hot milling and form.Ground phosphate rock content: P wherein
2O
5〉=35.0%; Fineness 100 orders.
<6〉fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate: P
2O
514.0%-18.O%, moisture content≤0.5%, fineness 100 orders.
<7〉sylvite powder: content K
2O 〉=10%, moisture content≤8.0%, fineness 100 orders.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the utility model outside view.
Fig. 2 is an A-A cross section structure enlarged diagram among Fig. 1.
Among the figure 1, core layer, 2, interior integument, 3, external parcel layer 4, inner investment layer, 5, the outsourcing rete.
Each accompanying drawing ratio is 9: 1
Specific embodiments
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the utility model is specified.
Composition of raw materials weight percent: urea 20%~40%, interior integument 10%~20%, external parcel layer 10~20%, interior integument 1%~5%, outsourcing rete 4~15%.
Embodiment 1: successively add various raw materials successively and control certain humidity in proportion, body diameter and inside and outside coating layer thickness in the control texture.Making the product diameter is 6mm.
The utility model scheme is so concrete enforcement: urea was added in the tumbling disk granulator rotary machine 1~2 minute; get core layer (1); add diatomite and peat rotary machine again and got interior integument (2) in 1~4 minute; add fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and sylvite powder again; rotary machine got external parcel layer (3) in 1~4 minute, and getting particle diameter is body in the 5.6mm structure.If need to strengthen cohesiveness, spray into 3% phosphoric acid solution in right amount.Drying adds activated humic acid again, rotary machine 1~2 minute, and control thickness is 0.1mm, drying gets inner investment layer (4), adds compound binding agent again, favourable turn device 1~2 minute, control thickness is 0.3mm, and drying gets outsourcing rete (5), is the spherical fertilizer of Φ 6mm and get diameter.
Embodiment 2: forebody is operated with embodiment 1, diameter is a body in the globosity of Φ 5.2mm, adding the activated humic acid bag again is coated with, control thickness is 0.3mm, drying gets inner investment layer (4), and bag is coated with compound binding agent again, and controlling thick is 0.5mm, drying gets outsourcing rete (5), and promptly getting diameter is the ball fertilizer of Φ 6mm.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of pair of integument, the spherical fertilizer of double-contracting rete, contain various nutrient elements particle coated fertilizer, it is characterized in that: be core with the agramon, diatomite or wilkinite and peat are interior integument, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and sylvite powder are the external parcel layer, more two integuments of the double-deck clothing film of outsourcing, the spherical fertilizer of double-contracting rete.
2, the as claimed in claim 1 pair of integument, the spherical fertilizer of double-contracting rete is characterized in that: the raw material of integument in the described structure, preferred diatomite or wilkinite and peat.
3, the as claimed in claim 1 pair of integument, the spherical fertilizer of double-contracting rete is characterized in that: the raw material of described structure external parcel layer, preferred fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and sylvite powder.
4, the as claimed in claim 1 pair of integument, the spherical fertilizer of double-contracting rete, it is characterized in that: the inner investment layer of described structure is raw materials used, preferred activated humic acid, its thickness is 0.02mm~0.8mm.
5, the as claimed in claim 1 pair of integument, the spherical fertilizer of double-contracting rete, it is characterized in that: described structure outsourcing rete is raw materials used, and preferably by shellac and the mixing compound binding agent of ground phosphate rock, its thickness is 0.02mm~0.8mm.
6, the as claimed in claim 1 pair of integument, the spherical fertilizer of double-contracting rete is characterized in that: described structural core urea also can comprise that ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride or bicarbonate of ammonia replace with other instant nitrogenousfertilizer.
7, the as claimed in claim 1 pair of integument, the spherical fertilizer of double-contracting rete, it is characterized in that: the external diameter of described utility model is 2mm-15mm.
8, the as claimed in claim 1 pair of integument, the spherical fertilizer of double-contracting rete, it is characterized in that: the shape of described utility model also can be made into ellipse.
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CN 03245541 CN2771202Y (en) | 2003-04-21 | 2003-04-21 | Two-cladding-layer, two-film-layer spherical fertilizer |
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CN102826894A (en) * | 2011-11-25 | 2012-12-19 | 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 | Double-coating spherical fertilizer and its preparation method |
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