LED structure with gallium nitride system
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of LED structure with gallium nitride system, particularly a kind of LED structure with gallium nitride system with preferable ohmic contact layer.
Background technology
The traditional structure of GaN series LED device as shown in Figure 1, this tradition light emitting diode construction 10 comprises a substrate 11, a gallium nitride resilient coating 12, a n type gallium nitride layer 13, an InGaN luminescent layer 14, a p type gallium nitride layer 15, a p type gallium nitride contact layer 16 (12 to 16 tunic is referred to herein as epitaxial structure) and a transparency conducting layer (transparent conductive layer) 17; In addition, a p type metal electrode 18 is positioned on this transparency conducting layer 17, and a n type metal electrode 19 then is positioned on this n type gallium nitride layer 13.
Known to known technology, the conductibility of p type gallium nitride ohmic contact layer 16 is quite low, and electric current is limited under this P type metal electrode 18 easily.So, for electric current being disperseed effectively reaching uniformly light-emitting, must be made in a transparency conducting layer 17 on this p type gallium nitride ohmic contact layer 16 earlier and be covered with whole light-emitting zone, and in order to improve light transmission, this transparency conducting layer 17 must be quite thin.Wherein, the used transparency conducting layer of tradition can be by being formed as nickel/gold, but extraction (lightextracting) efficient in order to increase light can form roughened textures in LED surface.At this moment, if use thin nickel/gold to be transparency conducting layer, its electric current deflection dispersion effect is inhomogeneous, has local luminous phenomenon to produce and cause the rising (combination of the nickel shown in Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B/golden light transmission conductive layer and rough surface and I-V curve) of operating voltage especially easily.
Known tin indium oxide (Indium Tin Oxide) abbreviates ITO as, not only be a kind of energy gap (Energybandgap) between 2.9~3.8 electron-volts high gap material, at visible-range, its penetrance can reach more than 95%, and it is a kind of material of n type high conductivity of high conductance, the refraction coefficient of this tin indium oxide (ITO) is between 1.7~2.2, according to Si Nieer theorem (Snell ' s law) and antireflection principle, encapsulate the distribution of refraction coefficient (n=1.5) of the resin cover closing material of usefulness owing to the refraction coefficient (n=2.4) of nitride multilayer gallium epitaxial structure, if can add the intermediate medium of refraction coefficient n~1.9, after encapsulation, then can reduce extraction (light extracting) efficient of reflection of light and then increase light, so the material utmost point is suitable as the Window layer of light-emitting diode.
In recent years, be suggested with the technology of tin indium oxide (ITO) though have as transparency conducting layer, as Taiwan patent announcement number 461126 described indium gallium nitride LEDs, as shown in Figure 2, this diode structure 20 has a substrate 21, a gallium nitride resilient coating 22, a n type gallium nitride layer 23, an InGaN active layer 24, a p type gallium nitride layer 25, a p type contact layer 26, an oxidic, transparent, conductive layers 27, a p type electrode 28 and a n type electrode 29; Wherein, though oxidic, transparent, conductive layers 27 is for being suitable for the tin indium oxide of light outgoing, yet in this diode structure, if gallium polarization (Ga-polarization) face that the p type contact layer of its below surface is more smooth, then be difficult for forming good Ohmic contact with tin indium oxide, so between the two contact impedance height and ohmic contact characteristic are not good, so the operating voltage of light-emitting diode also is difficult to descend.
The shortcoming not good in view of above-mentioned ohmic contact characteristic and operating voltage is high, a kind of structure that improves the ohmic contact characteristic of indium tin oxide layer and the gallium nitride based interlayer of p type has necessity of proposition.
Summary of the invention
The utility model is the LED structure with gallium nitride system of the preferable ohmic contact layer of a kind of tool, main purpose wherein has on the gallium nitride contact layer of surface roughening layer (textured layer) for the printing opacity conductive oxide layer is formed at one, and with this roughening layer as with the ohmic contact layer of this printing opacity conductive oxide layer, this light emitting diode construction includes: a substrate; Be connected to the semiconductor stack layer of the top of this substrate, from bottom to top comprise a n type gallium nitride series layer, a luminescent layer, a p type gallium nitride series layer; One roughening layer is positioned at the top of this p type gallium nitride series layer; Be positioned at a conduction printing opacity oxide layer of this roughening layer top, and form ohmic contact with this roughening layer; One first electrode is with the n type gallium nitride series layer electrical couplings in this semiconductor stack layer; And one second electrode, with this conduction printing opacity oxide layer electrical couplings.
According to above-mentioned conception, this roughening layer can be the n type, the p type mixes or the gallium nitride series layer of codope type.
According to above-mentioned conception, this light transmitting conductive oxide layer can be an indium oxide, tin oxide or tin indium oxide.
According to above-mentioned conception, this luminescent layer is one to contain the gallium nitride series layer that indium is formed.
According to above-mentioned conception, this roughening layer is a nitrogen polarized meter surface layer.
Whereby, can reduce contact impedance and operating voltage effectively, interrupt photoconductive effect with this roughening layer simultaneously, increase light extraction efficiency, and then improve external quantum efficiency.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a common technology LED structure with gallium nitride system schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is a common technology indium gallium nitride LED structural representation;
Fig. 3 is a LED structure with gallium nitride system schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 A is depicted as the local luminous figure of combination results of nickel in the common technology/golden light transmission conductive layer and rough surface;
Fig. 4 B is depicted as the combined I-V curve chart of nickel in the common technology/golden light transmission conductive layer and rough surface;
Fig. 5 A is depicted as among the present invention the combination of tin indium oxide light transmission conductive layer and rough surface does not have local luminous figure;
Fig. 5 B is depicted as the combined I-V curve chart of tin indium oxide light transmission conductive layer and rough surface among the present invention.
Wherein, description of reference numerals is as follows:
10 light emitting diode constructions, 11 substrates
12 gallium nitride resilient coatings, 13 n type gallium nitride layers
14 indium nitride luminescent layers, 15 p type gallium nitride layers
16 p type gallium nitride contact layers, 17 transparency conducting layers
18 p type metal electrodes, 19 n type metal electrodes
20 diode structures, 21 substrates
Layer is transferred in the 23 n type nitrogenize of 22 gallium nitride resilient coatings
24 InGaN active layers, 25 p type gallium nitride layers
26 p type contact layers, 27 oxidic, transparent, conductive layers
28 p type electrodes, 29 n type electrodes
30 light-emitting diodes, 31 substrates
31 ' resilient coating, 32 n type gallium nitride series layer
33 luminescent layers, 34 p type gallium nitride series layer
35 p type contact layers, 36 roughening layers
37 Window layer, 38 first electrodes
39 second electrodes
Embodiment
See also Fig. 3, it is of the present utility model one preferable LED structure with gallium nitride system embodiment.As shown in the figure, GaN series LED 30 structures of the present utility model are a substrate 31, a n type gallium nitride series layer 32, a luminescent layer 33, a p type gallium nitride series layer 34, a p type contact layer 35, a roughening layer (textured layer) 36, one Window layer 37, first electrode 38 and second electrode 39, and wherein substrate 31 tops also can comprise a resilient coating 31 '.
Wherein the structure that discloses of the present invention is as a semiconductor stack layer that is connected to these substrate 31 tops, comprise from bottom to top n type gallium nitride series layer 32, luminescent layer 33, p type gallium nitride series layer 34 etc., this roughening layer 36 is positioned at the top of p type gallium nitride series layer 34 and p type contact layer 35 in addition.And as Window layer (window layer) 37 for being positioned at the conduction printing opacity oxide layer of these roughening layer 36 tops, form ohmic contact with this roughening layer.This first electrode 38 is set, the n type gallium nitride series layer electrical couplings in itself and this semiconductor stack layer, second electrode 39 then with this conduction printing opacity oxide layer electrical couplings.
This substrate 31 can be a sapphire, gallium oxide, lithia gallium, lithia aluminium, spinelle, carborundum, GaAs or silicon substrate.This n type gallium nitride series layer 32 is gallium nitride, aluminum indium nitride gallium or the gallium indium nitride layer that a n type mixes.This p type gallium nitride series layer 34 is gallium nitride, aluminum indium nitride gallium or the gallium indium nitride layer that a p type mixes.This luminescent layer 33 is one to contain the nitride compound semiconductor of indium.This Window layer 37 is a conduction printing opacity oxide layer, can be an indium oxide, tin oxide or tin indium oxide.
The existence of this roughening layer (textured layer) 36 that is provided with between p type contact layer 35 and Window layer 37 is except extraction (light extracting) efficient that can increase light and big and interrupt the photoconductive effect because of matsurface light exit dose, its surface state (surface state) can painstakingly be controlled to nitrogen polarization surface in the epitaxial growth process, it has been described in the Taiwan patent application case 92136888, reduce the contact resistance of 34 on Window layer 37 and this second conductive type nitride gallium system layer whereby and become an excellent ohmic contact layer, and reduce the operating voltage (shown in Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B tin indium oxide light transmission conductive layer and knit the combination and the I-V curve on shape surface) of this diode.
With respect to inhomogeneous in the known technology shown in Fig. 4 A because of its electric current deflection dispersion effect, cause nickel/golden light transmission conductive layer and electric current around combination results second electrode of knitting the shape surface to scatter uneven local luminous 40 phenomenons, the utility model is shown in Fig. 5 A, use printing opacity conductive oxide layer replaces nickel/golden light transmission conductive layer and makes up with knitting the shape surface, does not produce local luminous phenomenon around its second electrode.In addition, this roughening layer 36 also can be the n type, the p type mixes or the gallium nitride series layer of codope type.
The above embodiment only is preferred embodiment of the present utility model, and those of ordinary skill in the art can derive out various different embodiment after the explanation of reading the foregoing description, but these embodiment all belong in the scope of the present utility model.