CN2365866Y - Mounted type harvester for multiple crops - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a lift type harvester for various crops, which is mainly composed of a suspension device of a hydraulic lifting mechanism or a hand-operated drive pulley mechanism, an excavating device with combined ploughs and shovels, a harvester frame, a power transmission device and a secondary transmission separation device formed by combining a wide range grizzly bar type transfer chain with a fixed or vibratory grizzly bar screen. The hanging connection and the elevation of the harvester and a tractor are realized, the utility model driven by the tractor can accomplish the three working procedure of excavating and lifting nubbly harvested products in soil and separating the soil, and the nubbly harvested products can be arranged on certain positions behind the harvester. The harvester can be hung on the tractor to harvest various crops, such as sweet potatoes, potatoes, peanuts, sugar beets, carrots, onions, garlic, etc.

Description

Suspension type multiple kinds of crops reaping machine

The utility model belongs to the crops harvest machinery.

Prior art has states such as the former Soviet Union, Germany to produce in the technical field under this machine large-scale towed potato digger and the present domestic test type that begins to manufacture experimently.According to the operation instructions of above-mentioned each type and the investigation and analysis of domestic user's suggestion are shown that there is following shortcoming in above-mentioned type: external huge, the complex structure of type body, must draw by the big-power tractor more than 60 horsepowers, though operation quality is better, but cost an arm and a leg, whole working machine can not lift away from ground.Multiple conditions such as the headland turn radius is excessive are not suitable for China's national situation; And at present domestic several test types are because of unreasonable structure, the excavating depth that is reached does not reach agriculture requirement with the performance that transmission separates soil, so the peasant household in present domestic potato class, peanut producing region mainly by manually dig receive or plough with ploughing turn over after, with the artificial block harvested product that is buried in the soil that heavily turns over while picking up, not only labour intensity is big, and percent of loss is up to more than 6 percent.Present domestic urgent need can with domestic universal 12 horsepowers to 55 horsepowers of middle-size and small-size four-wheel tractors, convenient and practical multiple kinds of crops harvest machineries.

The purpose of this utility model is: the advantage of using for reference each type of prior art, overcome its disadvantage, in conjunction with the China's national situation agriculture requirement different with various places: provide a series of can with 12 to 55 horsepowers middle-size and small-size four-wheel tractor operation, can be applicable to the novel reaping machine of multiple kinds of crops such as results Ipomoea batatas, potato, peanut, beet, carrot, onion, garlic.Solve that reaping machine articulates on tractor, lifting, headland turn is convenient, flexible and road on safe ready during walking, once finish the excavation, elevator, separation soil three process of block harvested product in the soil and block harvested product be placed in behind the reaping machine technical problem of certain position on the ground.Make that it has dependable performance, lifting and turning is flexible, yield loss is few, cost is low, the benefit advantages of higher, enlarge the medium and small tractor scope of application, realize multiple block crops harvesting mechanizations such as China's potato class, peanut.

The main structure of this reaping machine transmits separator, frame and actuating unit by suspension arrangement, excavating gear, two-stage and forms.

For adaptation has, the tractor of no hydraulic pressure lifting device articulates the needs of reaping machine, suspension arrangement of the present utility model adopts hydraulic lifting mechanism and two kinds of schemes of driven by shaking pulley hoisting mechanism respectively, the anterior horizontal plow frame (6) of this reaping machine frame (14) is gone up to be provided with and is articulated with the upper connecting rod (4) of tractor first wife's hydraulic lifting mechanism and two lower links (5) that farm implements are general to articulate three mount holes that status requirement adapts, can be hinged mutually with the mount hole of the upper and lower pull bar in any scheme in above-mentioned two kinds of schemes, easy accessibility has versatility.The hydraulic lifting mechanism that this reaping machine is used is to go up three corresponding mount holes with horizontal plow frame (6) respectively with the mount hole of the upper connecting rod (4) of tractor first wife's hydraulic lifting mechanism and two lower links (5) rear end to be hinged with bearing pin, in order to keep the horizontal stability of the horizontal and horizontal plow frame of reaping machine (6) better, the corresponding size of two lower links (5) is welded into two lower links of drop-down bridge (5) the replacement tractor first wife of an integral body when articulating the farm implements duty by hydraulic lifting mechanism with band steel, drop-down bridge (5) rear and front end respectively have two corresponding mount holes respectively with two mount holes in tractor-draw-plate (2) lower end, two mount holes of horizontal plow frame (6) below connect with bearing pin, and drop-down bridge (5) middle part each side has a mount hole to connect with bearing pin with the mount hole of two braces (3) lower end of tractor hydraulic hoisting mechanism first wife respectively.Adopt the driven by shaking pulley mechanism to promote reaping machine for the tractor that does not have hydraulic lifting mechanism, this hoisting mechanism is cursor (29) by the rocking handle leverage, movable pulley (32), fixed pulley (23), steel wire rope (31), wiring roller (24), ratchet (25), ratchet (27), hoisting frame (21), upper connecting rod assembly (4), drop-down bridge parts such as (5) are formed, wherein hoisting frame (21) lower end is installed on the tractor rear portion towing plate (2) with bearing pin, hoisting frame (21) upper end has 2 installing holes with matched in clearance a turning cylinder (22) to be installed, a fixed pulley (23) is installed to be rotatably assorted on the turning cylinder between these two installing holes, with secure fit a wiring roller (24) is installed, hole outside turning cylinder (22) is gone up a ratchet (25) is installed, pawl axis (28) is fixed on the hoisting frame (21), the cursor (29) of root band nut sleeve (26) is equipped with at turning cylinder (22) end thread place, this cursor other end is equipped with wind (30), the towing pad of upper connecting rod assembly (4) front end mount hole and towing plate (2) top is hinged with bearing pin, middle mount hole and horizontal plow frame (6) top mount hole are hinged with bearing pin, two movable pulleys (32) are installed in the rear end, drop-down bridge (5) front and back end respectively have two mount holes respectively with towing plate (2) below, horizontal plow frame (6) below mount hole is hinged with bearing pin, steel wire rope (31) one ends are fixed on the wiring roller (24), walk around fixed pulley (23) and two movable pulleys (32) other end and be fixed on hoisting frame (21) upper end, when the operator shakes wind (30) and cursor (29) just together, can raise up reaping machine by pulley mechanism, the nut sleeve (26) of shoulder on the turning cylinder (22) and cursor (29) end clamps ratchet (25) and can not reverse under the restriction of ratchet, make the certain altitude after reaping machine maintains lifting, during backward rotation wind (30), cursor (29) end nut cover (26) unclamps, ratchet (25) rotates relatively freely with turning cylinder (22), ratchet (25) loses rotation stopping function, when reaping machine descends the arrival predetermined altitude by deadweight, stop to shake wheel swing arm (29), ratchet (25) is rotated the nut sleeve (26) of arm (29) end again and clamps with turning cylinder (22) shoulder, the pulley mechanism of ratchet control stops operating, and makes the certain altitude after reaping machine keeps descending.

The excavating gear of this reaping machine by horizontal plow frame (6), vertical plow frame (9), combined plough shovel assembly (8), wheel assembly (43) form.The upper connecting rod (4) of corresponding mount hole of design and suspension arrangement and drop-down bridge (5) are hinged on the horizontal plow frame, the single file reaping machine has two, two row reaping machines have three vertical plow frames (9) to be fixed at certain intervals on the horizontal plow frame (6), combined plough shovel assembly (8) is gone up the penetrating angle that plane and ground presents 15 ° to 23 ° and is installed between adjacent two vertical plow frame lower ends with nut, for changing conveniently, the plough spear is connected with the dismountable nut of plough shovel body and function, one group of Flexible spanner of the plough shovel hinged installation of afterbody that the rear portion raises up, vertical plow frame (9) rear portion is provided with installing hole in order to the frame (14) that transmits separator to be installed.Pull down and transmit separator and plough shovel body assembly (8), load onto ridging intertillage plough shovel in each vertical plow frame lower end, can carry out ridging and intertillage.Ground wheel assembly (43) is installed on the frame (14), be provided with on the installing handle of ground wheel assembly one group of different installing hole of height all can with the frame bolt, be used for adjusting tilth.

The transmission separator of this reaping machine adopts wide cut grid type conveyer chain to transmit separate mode with secondary fixed or that the swing type grid strip screen combines, make in every capable soil block harvested product after plough shovel assembly (8) excavates, continue elevator and be sent to behind enough height behind the reaping machine and and fully separate with soil.Every group of first order transmits separator one wide cut grid type conveyer chain and is made up of one group of grizzly bar (13), chain link (11), main shaft (16), 2 sprocket wheels (33), 2 driven pulleys (10), 2 row's stone slide plates (11), frame parts such as (14).Design feature is: the main shaft of conveyer chain (16) is installed in the back upper place of frame by 2 sleeve-bearing levels, corresponding every group of plough shovel assembly (8), main shaft (16) is gone up two synchronous sprocket wheel of fixed installation (33) overlaps the axis projection of two sprocket wheels, the axle of driven pulley (10) and main shaft secured in parallel on the frame of the front lower place of main shaft near and be lower than the tail end that plough shovels assembly (8), insert respectively in chain link (12) hole relative on two synchronization chains of conveyer chain at the two ends of each grizzly bar (13) in one group of grizzly bar, thereby form the wide cut grid type conveyer chain that one group of elevator working face raises up backward, the conveyer chain of driven pulley one end stays certain interval with plough shovel afterbody and avoids collision, driving wheel (15) is equipped with in conveyer chain main shaft (16) end, row's stone slide plate (11) respectively is installed on the support frame of two driven pulleys of conveyer chain (10), in order to block from the upper strata chain link to leak down to the soil and the foreign material of lower floor's chain link, it is slipped to beyond the conveyer chain grizzly bar end, in order to avoid there are hard foreign material such as stone between driven pulley and chain link, to block.

Separator is transmitted with fixed grid strip screen or two kinds of schemes of swing type grid strip screen in the second level: wherein fixed grid strip screen is to be welded into slope shape with one group of parallel grizzly bar to sieve the end and be fixedly mounted on the frame of the conveyer chain back lower place, make the grid strip screen charging aperture align and be lower than the discharging opening of grid type conveyer chain, make towards the reaping machine rear or tiltedly rear of low side at the bottom of the slope shape grid strip screen; Swing type grid strip screen (19) is that one group of grid strip screen (19) at the bottom of the ramp type grid strip screen that distributes by certain interval that is parallel to each other is hung on the frame at conveyer chain rear with four suspension rods, grid strip screen (a 19) and arranged on left and right sides hinge connecting rod (18), the other end of connecting rod is hinged with the eccentric shaft (17) that conveyer chain driving wheel (15) is gone up and the main shaft other end is installed respectively, forms toggle connection two-stage and transmits separator.

The major impetus transmission device of this reaping machine promptly by tractor motive power output shaft (1) to the transmission the grid type conveyer chain main shaft (16), adopt the two-stage transmission, jackshaft (7) is by the top of bearing block support in horizontal plow frame (6), and the transmission between jackshaft (7) and the conveyer chain main shaft (16) is that second level power transmission adopts chain drive (41) or (42) two kinds of schemes of V-belt transmission mechanism: the power take-off (1) and the first order actuating unit between the jackshaft (7) of the configuration of tractor side direction adopt chain drive (39) or (40) two kinds of schemes of V-belt transmission mechanism; Actuating unit between power take-off that tractor disposes backward (1) and the main shaft (16) adopts the two-stage transmission, jackshaft (7) is by the top of bearing block support in horizontal plow frame (6), and the transmission between jackshaft (7) and the conveyer chain main shaft (16) is that second level power transmission adopts chain drive (41) or (42) two kinds of schemes of V-belt transmission mechanism; The power take-off that tractor disposes backward (1) connects the scheme of transmission with actuating unit employing bevel gear mechanism, universal joint, the square shaft kink parts between the jackshaft (7), wherein the axle of the passive large bevel gear (34) of bevel gear mechanism is coaxial with jackshaft (7), be connected with universal joint (37), square shaft kink parts (38) between the axle (36) of cone pinion (35) and the tractor power take-off (1) backward, just connect with the Cardan shaft parts.

Operation principle of the present utility model is: whole workpieces of reaping machine are suspended on the four-wheel tractor rear portion by suspension arrangement, need only the person's of controlling one man operation, need only rotate the hydraulic pressure handle or shake cursor (29) just can make reaping machine rise at last certain altitude, the safe ready thereby the assurance machine is walked on road, headland turn flexibly, can align rapidly and excavate the position, the backward rotation handle descends excavating gear to keep certain depth.Fall the position tractor and advance when plough shovel being buried very soon reach desired depth when suspension arrangement is in, block harvested product and soil are squeezed on the wide cut grid type conveyer chain of plough shovel afterbody back along the slide back of rising of the ramp of plough shovel together; Another part power of tractor is done the direction operation that working face grizzly bar moves to the back upper place in succession on it by actuating unit from driving wheel (15) the driving grid type conveyer chain that tractor motive power output shaft passes to grid type conveyer chain spindle nose simultaneously, make block harvested product and soil to the back upper place elevator, part size drops in the furrow of just having excavated less than the soil and the foreign material in small, broken bits in grizzly bar gap along the grizzly bar gap, and size is sent to together greater than the block harvested product in conveyer chain grizzly bar gap and part soil on the grid strip screen of back and separates soil once more, block harvested product glides along the grid strip screen ramped surfaces and is discharged to behind the reaping machine on the ground from the grid strip screen outlet, outlet makes block harvested product put the precalculated position towards difference according to grid strip screen, grid strip screen stops harvested product to be fallen and does not adjacently dig in the furrow of receiving between the row that reaping machine weighs harvested product wounded when preventing to accept delegation, improves results efficient so that realize waiting for the continuous results of picking up.Change land wheel and all can adjust excavating depth in the setting height(from bottom) of frame and the suspension height and the upper connecting rod length of reaping machine, change on the grizzly bar conveyer chain with grid strip screen on the mutual spacing size of grizzly bar can adapt to the block crops of different soil properties and different size.

This reaping machine main application is to be suspended on the four-wheel tractor, multiple kinds of crops such as results Ipomoea batatas, potato, peanut, beet, carrot, onion, garlic.

Compared with prior art, the utlity model has following advantage and good effect: 1. this machine compact conformation, simply light, lifting and turning is flexible, purchase the machine cost under the identical production efficiency and reduce by 9 times than existing towed reaping machine, the annual economic benefits of per thousand yuan of costs improve more than 6 times than prior art: 2. this machine need only one man operation, saving of labor, laborsaving produces the efficient raising more than 10 times than manually digging midwifery, and the yield loss rate reduces more than 3% than manually digging to receive; 3. enlarged the four-wheel tractor scope of application, alleviated labour intensity greatly, robbed farming season, cutting down expenditures and increasing income has remarkable social benefit.In a word, the technical-economic index of this machine compared with prior art occupies the top standard, is the novel multiple kinds of crops reaping machine that is suitable for promoting under the present condition of China.The excavating gear of this reaping machine is changed ridging intertillage plough shovel can carry out ridging and intertillage, realizes a tractor serves several purposes.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 is the end view of this reaping machine operating position when adopting the suspension arrangement of hydraulic lifting mechanism.

Guarantor's view of operating position when accompanying drawing 2 is this reaping machine employing driven by shaking pulley mechanism lifting device.Wherein Fig. 2-1 be pulley hoisting mechanism top A to partial enlarged drawing, Fig. 2-2 is the reaping machine end view.

Reaping machine power transmission arrangment principle schematic when accompanying drawing 3 is the configuration of tractor motive power output shaft side direction.

Accompanying drawing 4 is tractor motive power output shaft reaping machine power transmission arrangment principle schematic when disposing backward.

Accompanying drawing 5 is this reaping machine power transmission arrangment principle schematic when assembling two lines.

The parts title of each sequence number mark is respectively in the accompanying drawing: 1-four-wheel tractor power take-off; 2-tractor-draw-plate; 3-hydraulic lifting mechanism brace; 4-upper connecting rod assembly; 5-drop-down bridge; 6-horizontal plow frame; 7-jackshaft; 8-plough shovel assembly; 9-vertical plow frame; 10-driven pulley; 11-row stone slide plate; 12-chain link; 13-grid type conveyer chain grizzly bar; 14-frame; 15-driving wheel; 16-main shaft; 17-eccentric shaft; 18-connecting rod; 19-grid strip screen; 20-suspension rod; 21-hoisting frame; 22-turning cylinder; 23-fixed pulley; 24-wiring roller; 25-ratchet; 26-nut sleeve; 27-ratchet; 28-pawl axis; 29-cursor; 30-shake handle; 31-steel wire rope; 32-movable pulley; 33-sprocket wheel; 34-large bevel gear; 35-cone pinion; 36-small bevel gear wheel shaft; 37-universal joint; 38-square shaft kink parts; 39-one-level chain drive; 40-one-level V-belt transmission mechanism; 41-secondary chain drive; 42-secondary V-belt transmission mechanism; 43-ground wheel assembly.

Realize best way of the present utility model: 1. the reaping machine of the preparation of the four-wheel tractor pair more than 20 horsepowers, be assembled into the single file formula, the utility model was assembled into two lines when 25 horsepowers to 60 horsepowers medium-sized four-wheel tractors were hung reaping machine; 2. for adapting to the block crops without specification, grid type conveyer chain and grid strip screen are all made the combined type that can change the grizzly bar gap; Wherein increase a grizzly bar perforation in the middle of the grizzly bar hole at each inner links plate two ends of conveyer chain again,, make the grizzly bar gap reduce more than one times so that can increase a grizzly bar every a grizzly bar need be the time; Every a logical long grizzly bar of wearing the both sides chain link, can take out a grizzly bar, change the short pin shaft of connecting link in the link aperture of rarefied two ends, thereby grizzly bar is expanded at interval be twice above.

Claims (10)

1. suspension type multiple kinds of crops reaping machine, mainly by suspension arrangement, excavating gear, the frame that two-stage that the grid type conveyer chain combines with grid strip screen transmits separator is housed to be linked in sequence, and be furnished with actuating unit and combine, it is characterized in that: the front end of suspension arrangement and the towing plate of tractor are hinged, the horizontal plow frame of excavating gear is provided with three towing pads and articulates a hinge with three of suspension arrangement rear end respectively, the front end of one group of vertical plow frame of excavating gear is separately fixed on the horizontal plow frame, its combined plough shovel assembly is fixed on vertical plow frame lower end with the penetrating angle of constant slope, the rear side of vertical plow frame is fixedlyed connected with the front end of frame, the main shaft of the grid type conveyer chain of first order transmission separator is installed in the back upper place of frame by bearing block, the driven chain wheel shaft of conveyer chain is fixed on the front lower place of frame, make conveyer chain working face front end be lower than plough shovel afterbody, working face raises up backward on the conveyer chain, high-end porch, inclined-plane was lower than the outlet of grizzly bar conveyer chain at the bottom of the rearmost end that the grid strip screen that transmits separator as the second level is installed in frame made grid strip screen, towards the reaping machine rear or the oblique rear of the low side on inclined-plane at the bottom of the grid strip screen, the major impetus transmission device is the two-stage transmission, the front end of first order transmission device links to each other with the power take-off of tractor, jackshaft is installed on the horizontal plow frame by bearing block, and the terminal driving wheel of second level transmission device is installed on the conveyer chain main shaft.

2. reaping machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that suspension arrangement adopts hydraulic lifting mechanism, be the general parts of present tractor, adopt wherein upper connecting rod and three mount holes of two lower link rear ends respectively with horizontal plow frame on three place's towing pads of being provided be hinged with bearing pin.

3. reaping machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that suspension arrangement adopts driven by shaking pulley hoisting mechanism, before and after the drop-down bridge that is welded 2 mount holes are set respectively, two mount holes and the tractor-draw-plate of front end are hinged with bearing pin, 2 following towing pads of 2 mount holes of rear end and horizontal plow frame are hinged with bearing pin respectively, the towing point of upper connecting rod front end and tractor-draw-plate is hinged, the last towing pad of middle part mount hole and horizontal plow frame is hinged, one group of movable pulley is equipped with in the rear end, by steel wire rope and the fixed pulley that is contained on the wind turning cylinder on the hoisting frame, wiring roller connects.

4. reaping machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the grid strip screen that the two-stage that grid type conveyer chain and grid strip screen are formed transmits in the separator adopts fixed grid strip screen, be to be installed in the frame rear, make towards the machine rear or tiltedly rear of grizzly bar low side with the grid strip screen overall fixed that the certain interval seam becomes.

5. reaping machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: adopt the swing type grid strip screen, be the grizzly bar sieve nest left and right sides that is combined into the grating sieve end at certain intervals 2 suspension rods that respectively are hinged respectively, the upper end hinge of suspension rod is hung the frame afterbody at the conveyer chain rear, the grizzly bar sieve nest and arranged on left and right sides connecting rod that respectively is hinged, the front end of connecting rod is hinged respectively on the eccentric shaft of driving wheel and the installation of the main shaft other end, just connects conveyer chain and oscillating riddle with toggle.

6. reaping machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the major impetus transmission device is the two-stage transmission, jackshaft is supported on the horizontal plow frame by bearing block, wherein first order transmission promptly by tractor motive power output shaft to the mode of being in transmission connection the jackshaft is: respectively install on the power take-off end of tractor side direction configuration and the jackshaft sprocket wheel, between connect with chain, form chain drive.

7. reaping machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: on the power take-off of tractor side direction configuration and the jackshaft belt pulley is installed respectively, is formed belt gear by belt.

8. reaping machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the power take-off that tractor disposes is backward fixedlyed connected with an end of one group of Cardan shaft parts, the other end of Cardan shaft parts is fixedly mounted on the axle of driving bevel pinion of one group of bevel gear mechanism on the horizontal plow frame, and the axle of passive gamp wheel is coaxial with jackshaft.

9. reaping machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: second level transmission be jackshaft with the conveyer chain main shaft between transmission adopt on the jackshaft and spindle end is respectively installed a belt pulley and is connected by belt composition belt gear.

10. reaping machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: a sprocket wheel respectively is installed on jackshaft and the main shaft, between form chain drive by chain and connect.