CN217499103U

CN217499103U - Distributed biological reactor degradation device for field crop straws

Info

Publication number: CN217499103U
Application number: CN202221309418.7U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 尹智敏; 尹春阳; 许庆静
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2022-05-17
Filing date: 2022-05-17
Publication date: 2022-09-27
Anticipated expiration: 2032-05-17

Abstract

The utility model discloses a field crops straw distributing type bioreactor degradation device, it includes: the device comprises a main degradation device, a material distributor and at least two post degradation devices; the main degradation device comprises a first feeding hopper, a first degradation roller, a first motor set, a first water mist sprayer, a first rolling riding wheel frame and a first discharging hopper; the at least two post-degradation devices respectively comprise a second feeding hopper, a second degradation roller, a second motor set, a second water mist sprayer, a second rolling riding wheel frame and a second discharging hopper. Two ends of the material distributor are respectively connected with the first discharging hopper and the second feeding hoppers in a conducting manner; the inner walls of the first degradation roller and each second roller body are respectively provided with a precession loosening blade; and a water outlet and a heat energy waste gas collecting port are formed on each degradation roller. The utility model discloses showing the resource conversion productivity that promotes field crop straw, returning the field after acquireing organic matter and nutrient substance, effectively collecting heat energy and the short deep utilization of carbon dioxide, being the novel device of straw bioreactor technique.

Description

Field crop straw distributed biological reactor degradation device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an ecological agriculture technical field relates to a field crop straw distributing type bioreactor degradation device particularly.

Background

The straw bioreactor technology is one of the main straw fertilizing modes popularized by "straw comprehensive utilization technology catalog (2021)" compiled by the development and reform committee of the state in rural agricultural departments after 2014. The straw bioreactor is technically characterized in that field crop straws are taken as production objects, heat energy and carbon dioxide generated by slow release fermentation are artificially regulated and controlled according to natural laws of microbial degradation, crop nutrient absorption, photosynthesis and carbon cycle balance to promote photosynthesis, organic matters and nutrient substances required by soil improvement are obtained, and the crop yield in a facility greenhouse is improved. For example: a breathing built-in type bioreactor degradation device disclosed in Chinese patent CN201320869507 is characterized in that: the device has low manufacturing cost and low energy consumption, improves the crop yield by providing heat energy and applying gas fertilizer (carbon dioxide), and is popular with farmers and local governments. However, the technical problem of the coexistence of the patent and the existing straw bioreactor device is that: the flexible material covered and wrapped by the reactor cannot bear large external force, so that the volume section of the reactor is small, and the material capacity is limited; the converted materials are in a static state and in a natural environment, the degradation is greatly influenced by natural environment factors, the period is long, the capacity is small, and the productivity is low. The conversion and utilization capacity of the field crop straws in agricultural production is limited. Chinese patent CN108689739A discloses a horizontal aerobic organic fertilizer fermentation system device, which is characterized in that the reaction temperature of the material is raised by burning straws to generate heat, the reactor is sealed, the water replenishing and air supplementing fermentation conditions are optimized, the curing degree of microorganisms is accelerated, the degradation time is shortened, and the secondary pollution is prevented. The technical defects of the coexistence of the patent and the existing similar devices are as follows: whether the secondary fermentation method is completed in the device system; the technical method that after the first fermentation is completed in the device, the second fermentation is completed through natural stacking outside the device cannot solve the technical problem of mutual restriction of shortening the production period and improving the quality, does not consider the problem of deep utilization of straw biological heat energy and carbon dioxide, and limits the application of the straw resource conversion in the field crops. Therefore, aiming at the urgent need of field crop straw resource conversion and deep utilization in agricultural production in China, high-yield conversion technology and device are continuously researched and developed, the ecological agricultural productivity is improved, and the green development of agricultural ecological transformation is met. Is an important research direction for those skilled in the art.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at providing a field crop straw distributed biological reactor degradation device which can be applied to field crop straw bioconversion without being influenced and limited by environment, and straw materials are returned to the field for maintaining soil health through disinsection and sterilization; soil organic matters and nutrient substances are obtained and returned to the field, so that safe nutrient substances are provided for crops; the biomass energy and carbon dioxide of the straws are collected and utilized, the photosynthesis of field crops is promoted, and the deep utilization of soil carbon reservoirs and the like is improved.

The technical scheme is as follows:

a field crop straw distributed biological reactor degradation device, it includes:

the device comprises a main degradation device, a material distributor and at least two post degradation devices;

the main degradation device comprises a first feeding hopper, a first degradation roller, a first motor set, a first water mist sprayer, a first rolling riding wheel frame and a first discharging hopper; one end of the first degradation roller is provided with a first input fixed end cover, and the other end of the first degradation roller is provided with a first output fixed end cover; the first feeding hopper is arranged on the first input fixed end cover and is in conduction connection with the first degradation roller; the first water mist sprayer and the first discharge hopper are respectively arranged on the first output fixed end cover and are in conduction connection with the first degradation roller; the first rolling riding wheel frame is used for lifting the first degradation roller; the first motor set is used for driving the first degradation roller to roll;

the at least two post-degradation devices respectively comprise a second feeding hopper, a second degradation roller, a second motor set, a second water mist sprayer, a second rolling riding wheel rack and a second discharging hopper; one end of the second degradation roller is provided with a second input fixed end cover, and the other end of the second degradation roller is provided with a second output fixed end cover; the second feeding hopper is connected with the second input fixed end cover and extends into the second degradation roller; the second water mist sprayer and the second discharge hopper are respectively arranged on the second output fixing end cover and are in conduction connection with the second degradation roller; the second rolling riding wheel frame is used for lifting a second degradation roller; the second motor set is used for driving the second degradation roller to roll;

the input end of the material distributor is in conductive connection with the first discharging hopper, and the output end of the material distributor is in conductive connection with the second feeding hoppers respectively; the inner walls of the first degrading roller and each second roller are respectively provided with a precession loosening blade; and the first degradation roller and each second degradation roller are provided with a water outlet and a heat energy waste gas collecting port.

By adopting the technical scheme, the operation technical conditions for implementing the secondary fermentation process are as follows: firstly, putting pretreated straw materials into a first degradation roller through a first feeding hopper, and introducing self-organization life activities of excellent strains to be in a material high-temperature degradation reaction state; when the temperature is reduced, the first motor group drives the first degradation roller to rotate, so that straw materials in the first degradation roller are turned over under the guiding action of rotating loose blades and move towards the direction of a discharge hopper of the first degradation roller, meanwhile, a first water mist spraying machine guides mixed atomized fluid of air and water into the first degradation roller at proper time, uniform dissolution and confluence of the straw materials, the water and oxygen are realized, the requirements of continuous life activities of microorganisms on humidity and oxygen are met, microbial degradation is kept, the temperature of the materials is promoted to rise, and gases such as biological heat, carbon dioxide and the like released by the materials are collected continuously; the device optimizes environmental conditions, and can overcome the restriction of harmful climate and environmental factors in the nature on the activity of microorganisms; the thermophilic bacteria were maintained as follows: the process of propagation, temperature rise release, turnover push, water injection and oxygen supply and propagation is circulated for a plurality of times, and organic matters, mineral substances, nutrient substances and straw supplies which are not decomposed are obtained when the temperature can not rise again; the material is pushed to a first discharging hopper through a precession loosening blade, and is transferred to a certain second degradation roller by a material distributor for post degradation treatment; straw secondary materials entering the roller of the rear degradation device are subjected to self degradation reaction by mesophilic bacteria, are in a medium-temperature degradation reaction state, and are reduced in temperature, the second motor group drives the second roller degradation roller to rotate, and the straw secondary materials are turned over under the rotation guide effect of the precession loosening blades and move along the extension direction of the second degradation roller; meanwhile, the second water mist spraying machine guides the formed mixed atomized fluid of air and water into the second degradation roller at proper time, so that the straw materials are uniformly dissolved with water and oxygen, the environment for optimizing degradation is kept, and the degradation of the secondary straw materials is kept; the mesophilic bacteria were maintained as follows: biological propagation, temperature rise release, turnover push, water injection and oxygen supply, biological propagation process, and circulation is carried out for a plurality of times, when the temperature can not rise again, the medium temperature degradation reaction of the straw materials is completed, and relatively stable soil organic matters, mineral substances, nutrient substances and the like are obtained; the curing quality requirement can be met; the utility model aims at the natural rule that the first high-temperature fermentation time of the straw material is shorter than the second medium-temperature fermentation time; arranging a plurality of post-degradation devices, and leading another second post-degradation roller into a second batch of straw secondary materials of the main degradation device by the material distributor when the work of the first second post-degradation roller is not finished; if the degradation time difference still exists to influence continuous production, a post-degradation device can be continuously added to coordinate and balance the continuous production requirement; through arranging a heat energy and waste gas port, waste gas such as biological heat, carbon dioxide and the like generated by degradation reaction in the degradation roller is collected for reutilization; the water outlet is arranged to discharge accumulated water in the degradation roller regularly for centralized treatment and utilization.

Preferably, in the field crop straw distributed bioreactor degradation device:

2 first lifting steel hoops and 1 first transmission steel hoop are arranged on the cylinder body of the first degradation roller; and the first transmission steel hoop is positioned among the 2 first lifting steel hoops; the number of the first rolling supporting wheel frames is 2, and the 2 first lifting steel hoops are respectively lifted in a rolling manner; a first outer gear ring is arranged on the first transmission steel hoop, and an output shaft of the first motor set is in meshed connection with the first outer gear ring;

2 second lifting steel hoops and 1 second transmission steel hoop are sleeved on the cylinder body of the second degradation roller; and the second transmission steel hoop is positioned among the 2 second lifting steel hoops; the number of the second rolling supporting wheel frames is 2, and the 2 second lifting steel hoops are respectively lifted in a rolling manner; and an outer gear ring is arranged on the second transmission steel hoop, and an output shaft of the second motor set is in meshed connection with the outer gear ring.

By adopting the technical scheme: the main degradation device rolls, lifts, limits and stabilizes the first degradation roller through steel hoops at two ends and a corresponding rolling riding wheel frame; meanwhile, a driving tooth of the first motor set is meshed with a gear ring fixedly sleeved with the middle steel hoop, so that the first degradation roller rotates; similarly, the rear degradation device realizes rolling, lifting, limiting and stabilizing of the second degradation roller through steel hoops at two ends and the corresponding rolling riding wheel frame; meanwhile, the driving teeth of the second motor set are meshed with an outer gear ring fixedly sleeved on a second middle steel hoop to realize the rotation of the second degradation roller; the utility model discloses an each degradation cylinder independently rotates according to the technological requirement, is not influenced each other.

Preferably, in the field crop straw distributed bioreactor degradation device: the steel frame comprises an upper layer frame and a lower layer frame; the main degradation device is arranged on the upper layer frame, and the at least two rear degradation devices are respectively arranged on the lower layer frame.

By adopting the technical scheme: the main degradation device and the rear degradation device are distributed on the upper layer and the lower layer of the installation steel frame, so that the effect of reducing the occupied area of the equipment is realized. Meanwhile, the main degradation device is arranged on the upper side of the rear degradation device, so that the moving direction of the material is consistent with the gravity direction when the material is transferred from the main degradation device to the rear degradation device, and the energy consumption generated in the process is reduced.

Preferably, in the field crop straw biological reaction pair device: the first degradation roller and the second degradation roller are both rigid rotators, and comb teeth are further arranged on the precession loosening blades.

By adopting the technical scheme: in the degradation process of the material, the material in the degradation roller can be turned over, the straw material in the degradation roller is loosened by the comb teeth, the straw material is prevented from being agglomerated in the rolling and moving process, and the degradation efficiency is improved.

Compared with the prior art, the distributed system technical structure of the utility model can significantly improve the productivity of the degradation device; compared with the existing similar devices, the device has strong environmental adaptability, simple structure, low energy consumption and stable work; the method is applied to agricultural production, meets the requirement of field crop straw resource conversion with huge yield, obtains cured organic matters, mineral substances and nutrient substances, removes pathogens and ova of the materials, returns the materials to the field, reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and keeps the nutrition and safety of the soil; and fully collect straw heat energy and carbon dioxide, which is beneficial to the deep utilization of agricultural production.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the entire structure of embodiment 1;

FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of FIG. 1, with the water mist jet omitted;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken at plane A-A-A of FIG. 2, with the water mist jet and the precessing loosening blade omitted;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a loose tooth structure of a precession loosening blade;

the correspondence between each reference numeral and the part name is as follows:

1. installing a steel frame; 11. an upper shelf; 12. a lower shelf; 21. a first feeding hopper; 22. a first degradation roller; 23. a first motor group; 24. a first water mist sprayer; 25. a first rolling riding wheel frame; 26. a first discharge hopper; 27. a first input fixed end cap; 28. a first output fixed end cap; 29. a first lifting steel hoop; 210. a first transmission steel hoop; 31. a second feeding hopper; 32. a second degradation roller; 33. a second motor group; 34. a second water mist sprayer; 35. a second rolling riding wheel frame; 36. a second discharge hopper; 37. a second input fixed end cap; 38. a second output fixed end cap; 39. a second lifting steel hoop; 310. a second drive steel hoop; 5. a material separating machine; 6. screwing in the loose blades; 7. comb teeth; 8. a water outlet; 9. a heat energy waste gas collecting port.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the described embodiments of the present invention are merely exemplary embodiments.

In the description of the present invention, the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship indicated based on the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. When an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not denote a unique embodiment.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2: a field crop straw distributed biological reactor degradation device, it includes:

the device comprises an installation steel frame 1, a main degradation device, a material distributor 5 and two rear degradation devices;

the mounting steel frame 1 comprises an upper layer frame 11 and a lower layer frame 12; the main degradation device is arranged on the upper layer frame 11, and the two rear degradation devices are respectively arranged on the lower layer frame 12.

As shown in fig. 1 and 3: the main degradation device comprises a first feeding hopper 21, a first degradation roller 22, a first motor group 23, a first water mist spraying machine 24, a first rolling riding wheel frame 25 and a first discharging hopper 26; one end of the first degradation roller 22 is provided with a first input fixed end cover 27, and the other end is provided with a first output fixed end cover 28; the first feeding hopper 21 is arranged on the first input fixed end cover 27 and is in conduction connection with the first degradation roller 22; the first water mist sprayer 24 and the first discharge hopper 26 are respectively arranged on a first output fixed end cover 28 and are communicated and connected with the first degradation roller 22; the first rolling riding wheel frame 25 is used for lifting the first degradation roller 22; the first motor group 23 is used for driving the first degradation roller 22 to roll;

as shown in fig. 3: the two rear degradation devices respectively comprise a second feeding hopper 31, a second degradation roller 32, a second motor group 33, a second water mist sprayer 34, a second rolling riding wheel frame 35 and a second discharging hopper 36; one end of the second degradation roller 32 is provided with a second input fixed end cover 37, and the other end is provided with a second output fixed end cover 38; the second feeding hopper 31 is connected with a second input fixed end cover 37 and extends into the second degradation roller 32; the second water mist sprayer 34 and the second discharge hopper 36 are respectively arranged on a second output fixed end cover 38 and are communicated with the second degradation roller 32; the second rolling riding wheel frame 35 is used for lifting the second degradation roller 32; the second motor group 33 is used for driving the second degradation roller 32 to roll;

the input end of the material distributor 5 is in conductive connection with the first discharging hopper 26, and the output end of the material distributor 5 is in conductive connection with each second feeding hopper 31; the inner walls of the first degradation roller 22 and each second degradation roller 32 are respectively provided with a precession loosening blade 6; the first degradation roller 22 and each second degradation roller 32 are provided with a water outlet 8 and a heat energy waste gas collecting port 9. The thermal energy waste gas collecting port 9 is distributed on a first input fixed end cover 27 and a second input fixed end cover 37.

The body of the first degradation roller 22 is provided with 2 first lifting

steel hoops

29 and 1 first transmission steel hoop 210; and the first transmission steel hoop 210 is positioned between the 2 first lifting steel hoops 29; the number of the first rolling supporting wheel frames 25 is 2, and the 2 first lifting steel hoops are respectively rolled and lifted; a first outer gear ring 211 is arranged on the first transmission steel hoop, and an output shaft of the first motor group 23 is meshed with the first outer gear ring 211;

the cylinder body of the second degradation roller 32 is sleeved with 2 second

lifting steel hoops

39 and 1 second transmission steel hoop 310; and the second transmission steel hoop 310 is positioned between the 2 second lifting steel hoops 39; the number of the second rolling supporting wheel frames 35 is 2, and the 2 second lifting steel hoops 39 are respectively rolled and lifted; and an outer gear ring 311 is arranged on the second transmission steel hoop, and an output shaft of the second motor set 33 is meshed with the outer gear ring 311.

In this example: as shown in fig. 1:

the first water mist sprayer 24 and the second water mist sprayer 34 have the same structure; each water mist sprayer comprises a water storage tank, a high-pressure pump, a high-pressure fan and a spray nozzle; the spray nozzle is provided with a spray nozzle and spray rings distributed around the spray nozzle, and two ends of the high-pressure pump are respectively communicated with the spray rings and the water storage tank; and the nozzle is in conduction connection with the high-pressure fan. The above structure is a common structure in the prior art, and therefore, is not described herein again.

As shown in fig. 3: the first degradation roller 22 and the second degradation roller 32 are both rigid rotator rollers, and comb teeth 7 are further arranged on the precession loosening blades 6.

In practice, the working process is as shown in fig. 3:

the roller is made of steel plates by rolling and welding, the diameter is 3 meters and the length is 20 meters, the batch size of the straw treated at one time is 40 tons, and the effective capacity is 100 cubic meters; the first degradation roller 22 is used as a main degradation A area, and the two second degradation rollers 32 are respectively used as a post-degradation B area and a post-degradation C area which are distributed in a delta shape; secondly, putting the pretreated (crushed, blended, deodorized, introduced with strains and the like) straw materials into a first feeding hopper 21, feeding the straw materials into a first degradation roller 22 through the first feeding hopper 21, driving the first degradation roller 22 to continuously rotate (the rotating speed is 0.2-3 revolutions per minute) for 30 minutes by a first motor group 23, uniformly stirring the materials, automatically fermenting thermophilic microorganisms, keeping the central temperature of a straw material pile to be 55-65 ℃, and starting the roller to rotate when the temperature is reduced; turning under the action of the precession sparse teeth blade, and guiding to move along the extending direction of the first degradation roller 22; meanwhile, the first water mist sprayer 24 guides the mixed atomized fluid of air and water into the first degradation roller 22 at a proper time to dissolve and converge the straw materials with the water and the oxygen, so as to promote the temperature of the degradation reaction to rise again, the circulation is repeated for a plurality of times, and after the high-temperature degradation reaction of the materials is kept for about 36 hours, the temperature of the straw materials begins to drop to about 40 ℃ and does not rise again, so that the high-temperature degradation is finished. Then, the straw material which is finished the high temperature degradation is guided into the first discharging hopper 26. The material is conducted to a degradation B area through a material distributor 5, enters a second degradation roller 32 from a second feeding hopper 31, is uniformly stirred after a second motor group 33 drives the second degradation roller 32 to continuously rotate (the rotating speed is 0.2-3 r/m) for 30 minutes, and is fermented and heated by mesophilic bacteria microorganisms, so that the central temperature of a material pile is kept at 30-45 ℃, and when the temperature is reduced, the roller is started to rotate; the straw material is turned over under the guiding action of the second precession loosening blade 6 and moves along the extending direction of the second degradation roller 32, meanwhile, the second water mist sprayer 34 guides the mixed atomized fluid of formed air and water into the second degradation roller 32 at proper time, so that the straw material is dissolved and converged with water and oxygen, the degradation reaction temperature is promoted to rise, the circulation is carried out for a plurality of times, the temperature is kept not to rise again after the degradation reaction (96 hours), and the medium-temperature degradation reaction is completed; finally, the cured organic matters, mineral substances and nutrient substances are led into a discharge hopper 36, and are recycled and packaged;

it is to be emphasized that: the utility model discloses a straw time material is when B district degradation has not been accomplished yet, makes the second batch straw time material in A district switch on to the second degradation cylinder 32 in the back degradation C district through depiler 5 in, carries out the medium temperature degradation reaction of second round, finally obtains the second batch curing organic matter, mineral substance, nutritive material etc. after the straw material degradation in A district.

The straw materials circulate in the main degradation A area, the main degradation B area and the main degradation C area in such a way, and continuous degradation production is kept. When B, C sets of rear degradation device degradation rollers are arranged and cannot bear the secondary straw material in the main degradation A area for continuous production, the rear degradation device can be additionally arranged.

Compared with the similar device, the invention obviously improves the straw conversion capacity. For example: six working days are required for completing the secondary degradation of a batch of materials by one aerobic composting biological reaction device, wherein 2 working days are required for the first degradation, 4 working days are required for the second degradation, and the current device can produce two batches of mature materials within 12 days; and in the technical scheme of the utility model, the same degradation time limit for a project can accomplish four batches of finished product materials and two semi-manufactured goods material production volumes in 12 days.

The device capacity comparison is as follows:

TABLE 1 Productivity working days of current devices:

table two: utility model device workday:

although the principles, structural features and device features of the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

The utility model discloses the part that does not relate to is the same with prior art or can adopt prior art to realize.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a field crops straw distributing type bioreactor degradation device which characterized in that includes:

the at least two post-degradation devices respectively comprise a second feeding hopper, a second degradation roller, a second motor set, a second water mist sprayer, a second rolling riding wheel frame and a second discharging hopper; one end of the second degradation roller is provided with a second input fixed end cover, and the other end of the second degradation roller is provided with a second output fixed end cover; the second feeding hopper is connected with the second input fixed end cover and extends into the second degradation roller; the second water mist sprayer and the second discharge hopper are respectively arranged on the second output fixing end cover and are in conduction connection with the second degradation roller; the second rolling riding wheel frame is used for lifting a second degradation roller; the second motor set is used for driving the second degradation roller to roll;

2. The field crop straw distributed bioreactor degradation device of claim 1, wherein:

3. The field crop straw distributed bioreactor degradation device of claim 1, wherein: the steel frame comprises an upper layer frame and a lower layer frame; the main degradation device is arranged on the upper layer frame, and the at least two rear degradation devices are respectively arranged on the lower layer frame.

4. The field crop straw distributed bioreactor degradation device of claim 1, wherein: the first degradation roller and the second degradation roller are both rigid rotator rollers, and comb teeth are further arranged on the precession loosening blades.