CN213548224U

CN213548224U - Cutting and polishing flat blade combined type ditch tillage machine

Info

Publication number: CN213548224U
Application number: CN202021783618.7U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郑侃; 徐磊; 夏俊芳; 刘国阳; 程健; 刘博�; 张居敏; 杜俊; 李栋; 刘政源
Original assignee: Huazhong Agricultural University
Current assignee: Huazhong Agricultural University
Priority date: 2020-08-24
Filing date: 2020-08-24
Publication date: 2021-06-29
Anticipated expiration: 2030-08-24

Abstract

The utility model discloses a cutting and polishing flat blade combined type compartment ditch cultivator, which comprises a frame, a suspension bracket, a transmission device, a ditching knife roller and a plurality of compartment ditch finishing devices; the ditching knife roll is arranged below the rack and is in transmission connection with the output end of the transmission device; the ditching knife roll comprises a knife shaft and a plurality of cutting and polishing flat knife assemblies; and each cutting and polishing flat cutter combination comprises eight blade groups arranged along the axial direction of the cutter shaft, blades arranged on the cutting and polishing flat cutter combination comprise a soil leveling cutter, an outer soil polishing cutter, an inner soil polishing cutter and a soil cutting cutter, and the blades are respectively fixed on the cutter shaft through a cutter holder. The compartment ditch cultivator rotationally cuts out the bottom of a compartment ditch through the soil cutting knife, the outer soil throwing knife and the inner soil throwing knife rotationally cut out the side face of the compartment ditch and throw the cut soil to the outer side of the compartment ditch, the soil leveling knife performs soil leveling operation on the soil thrown to the outer side of the compartment ditch, and the compartment ditch opened out is compacted and maintained through the compartment ditch maintenance device.

Description

Cutting and polishing flat blade combined type ditch tillage machine

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an agricultural machine, in particular to a combined type compartment ditch cultivator with a cutting and throwing flat blade.

Background

In agricultural areas with abundant rainwater at the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river and the like, when crops such as rapes, wheat and the like are planted in rice stubble fields, a compartment ditch with a certain length, width and height needs to be formed in field plots so as to facilitate drainage, reduce the water content of soil and improve the germination rate of seeds. The prior farmland ditch-carriage machine mainly uses a low-power walking tractor or a ditching shovel matched with a seeder, and is characterized by easy abrasion, difficult replacement, large operation resistance, low operation efficiency, unsatisfactory ditch shape meeting the requirement of crop growth and easy damage.

Chinese patent document CN205082138U discloses a rape ridge culture ditching ridger, which comprises a transmission device, an in-soil width-fixing device, a rotary tillage device, a ditching compartment-forming device and a compartment surface finishing device. The ditching and carriage forming device comprises a plurality of ditching plows, U-shaped turn hoops, plow columns, involute rectangular gutter formers and carriage forming tail wings. The ditching and ridging machine can complete four operations of soil rotary tillage, ditching and ridging, ridging and carriage surface arrangement at the same time. But the whole structure is complex, the cost is high, the parts are not easy to be replaced, the groove shape is easy to collapse, the operation resistance is large and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the utility model is to provide a cut throwing flat blade combination formula railway carriage or compartment ditch cultivator that division railway carriage or compartment ditch operation resistance is little, ditching is effectual.

In order to realize the purpose, the cutting and throwing flat blade combined type compartment ditch cultivator designed by the utility model comprises a frame, a suspension bracket, a transmission device (the three devices are all used by the existing rotary cultivator), a ditching knife roller and a plurality of compartment ditch finishing devices;

the ditching knife roll is arranged below the rack and is in transmission connection with the output end of the transmission device; the ditching cutter roller comprises a cutter shaft and a plurality of cutting and polishing flat cutter combinations (2-4 groups are usually arranged);

for each cutting and polishing flat cutter combination, the cutting and polishing flat cutter combination comprises eight blade groups which are arranged along the axial direction of a cutter shaft and are sequentially called as a first blade group, a second blade group and an eighth blade group; the first blade group and the eighth blade group respectively comprise a plurality of soil leveling cutters arranged on the same cutter shaft radial plane (a plane vertical to the cutter shaft axis, and the axial width of the blades is not considered), the second blade group and the seventh blade group respectively comprise a plurality of outer soil throwing cutters arranged on the same cutter shaft radial plane, the third blade group and the sixth blade group respectively comprise a plurality of inner soil throwing cutters arranged on the same cutter shaft radial plane, and the fourth blade group and the fifth blade group respectively comprise a plurality of soil cutting cutters arranged on the same cutter shaft radial plane;

the soil leveling knife, the outer soil throwing knife, the inner soil throwing knife and the soil cutting knife are respectively fixed on the knife shaft through knife blocks; the rotating radiuses of the outer soil throwing cutter and the inner soil throwing cutter are sequentially increased and are respectively bent towards one side of the soil cutting cutter; the soil cutting knife rotates to cut the bottom of the compartment ditch, the outer soil throwing knife and the inner soil throwing knife rotate to cut the side surface of the compartment ditch and throw the cut soil to the outer side of the compartment ditch; the soil leveling knife has the smallest rotating radius and is used for leveling soil thrown to the outer side of the ditch;

the number of the compartment ditch trimming devices is the same as that of the cutting and polishing flat cutter combinations; each compartment ditch finishing device is arranged behind one cutting and polishing flat cutter combination and is used for compacting and finishing the compartment ditches formed by the cutting and polishing flat cutter combination.

Preferably, the ditch finishing device comprises a connecting handle, a finishing wheel base and a ditch finishing wheel; a connecting seat is arranged at the rear side of the rack, and the upper part of the connecting handle is fixedly connected with the connecting seat; the trimming wheel base is in an inverted U shape, and the upper part of the trimming wheel base is connected with the lower part of the connecting handle; the compartment groove finishing wheel is rotatably arranged in a U-shaped opening at the lower part of the finishing wheel base; the compartment groove finishing wheel is in a double-cone shape, and the outer shape size of the compartment groove finishing wheel corresponds to that of the compartment groove.

Preferably, the lower part of the connecting handle is connected with the trimming wheel base through a thrust bearing, so that the ditch trimming wheel can rotate circumferentially relative to the connecting handle, and the left and right profile modeling of the ditch trimming wheel along with the wall of the ditch is realized; and two sides of the compartment groove trimming wheel are respectively connected with one side of the U-shaped opening of the trimming wheel base through a radial bearing.

Preferably, be provided with shock-absorbing structure on the connecting handle, realize that railway carriage or compartment ditch trimming wheel can reciprocate in certain extent, can realize the profile modeling about the earth's surface structure, its concrete constitution and connection structure refer to current damping spring.

Preferably, the upper portion of connecting handle is provided with multiunit bolt hole, and multiunit bolt hole is in different height, and one of them group bolt hole of optional links to each other with the connecting seat through the bolt to adjust the upper and lower height of connecting handle, and then adjust the railway carriage or compartment ditch and repair the degree of compaction.

Preferably, a mud scraper for scraping mud on the compartment groove finishing wheel is further arranged in the U-shaped opening of the finishing wheel base.

Preferably, the number of the blades of each blade group is two, and the corresponding blade seats are symmetrically arranged at 180 degrees.

Preferably, the blades of each blade group are spirally arranged on the cutter shaft at a helix angle of 30-70 degrees.

Preferably, the thickness of the blade of each blade group is 4-10 mm, and the axial distance between every two adjacent blade groups is 0-20 mm.

Preferably, the soil leveling knife is a rectangular blade; the soil cutting knife is twisted for a certain angle on the basis of the rectangular blade, and the twisting angle is alpha so as to be convenient for obliquely cutting into soil; the outer soil throwing cutter and the inner soil throwing cutter are bent towards one side of the soil cutting cutter on the basis of cutting into soil, and the bending angle beta is equal to the included angle theta between the side wall of the compartment trench and the ground plane; the bottom of each blade is on the axial plane of the cutter shaft (i.e. the plane passing through the axis of the cutter shaft).

Preferably, the torsion angle α is 30 ° to 70 °, and the bending angle β is 30 ° to 70 °.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that:

1) soil is cut by a soil cutting knife, soil is cut and thrown by a soil throwing knife, and a soil leveling knife is used for shaping, and the shape of the compartment ditch is directly formed after operation, so that the shaping of the compartment ditch is realized;

2) trimming by adopting a compartment ditch trimming device, and compacting and trimming by one-time operation to form a compartment ditch which is not easy to damage;

3) the utility model discloses simple structure, the blade is easily changed, and the cost is with low costs, and the operating resistance is little, and the operating efficiency is high, can the exclusive use or jointly use with wheat, rape seeder.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure view of a cutting and polishing flat blade combined type compartment ditch cultivator designed by the utility model.

Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the cutting and polishing flat tool assembly shown in fig. 1 mounted on a cutter shaft.

Fig. 3 is a front view of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the blade arrangement (spread along the surface of the arbor) of the slicing and polishing blade assembly of fig. 2.

Fig. 5 to 7 are respectively a front view, a left view and a top view of the outer soil throwing knife in fig. 2.

Fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view of the trench trimming apparatus in fig. 1.

Fig. 9 is a front view of the trench trimming apparatus of fig. 8 (with the shock absorbing structure omitted).

Fig. 10 is a schematic sectional view taken along the line a-a in fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is an enlarged view at B in fig. 10.

Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the connection structure between the connection handle and the connection seat in fig. 8.

Fig. 13 is a schematic view of the ditching state of the cutting and polishing flat tool assembly in fig. 2.

Wherein: the device comprises a frame 100, a connecting seat 110, a suspension bracket 200, a transmission device 300, a main transmission box 310, a side transmission box 320, a ditching cutter roller 400, a cutter shaft 410, a cutter holder 420, a cutting and polishing flat cutter combination 430, a soil leveling cutter 431, an outer soil polishing cutter 432, an inner soil polishing cutter 433, a soil cutting cutter 434, a ditch trimming device 500, a connecting handle 510, a bolt hole 511, a trimming wheel base 520, a mud scraping plate 521, a ditch trimming wheel 530, a thrust bearing 540, a radial bearing 550, a shock absorption structure 560 and a ditch 600

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1-13, the cutting and polishing blade combined type compartment ditch cultivator designed by the utility model comprises a frame 100, a suspension bracket 200, a transmission device 300, a ditching knife roller 400 and a plurality of compartment ditch finishing devices 500. Wherein:

the frame 100, the suspension bracket 200 and the transmission device 300 are all used for a self-rotating cultivator, and the existing structure can be directly adopted. The transmission mode of the transmission device 300 can be side transmission or intermediate transmission, and the embodiment takes side transmission as an example for description.

As shown in fig. 1, the transmission 300 includes a main transmission case 310 and a side transmission case 320, the main transmission case 310 is connected to the output end of the tractor through a universal joint transmission shaft (hereinafter referred to as a universal transmission shaft), and the side transmission case 320 and the main transmission case 310 are connected through a universal transmission shaft.

The ditching cutter roller 400 is arranged below the rack 100 and is in transmission connection with the output end of the transmission device 300; the ditching cutter roller 400 comprises a cutter shaft 410 and a plurality of cutting and polishing flat cutter combinations 430 arranged on the cutter shaft 410 at intervals according to the width of ditching operation, the number of the cutting and polishing flat cutter combinations 430 is two in the embodiment, the length of each cutting and polishing flat cutter combination 430 is 480mm, and two trapezoidal compartment ditches can be dug at one time.

As shown in fig. 2 to 4, each cutting and polishing flat tool assembly 430 includes eight blade sets, which are sequentially referred to as a first blade set to an eighth blade set (see the grouping in fig. 4), disposed along the axial direction of the cutter shaft 410; the first blade group and the eighth blade group respectively comprise two soil leveling knives 431 arranged on the same radial plane of the cutter shaft 410 (a plane perpendicular to the axis of the cutter shaft 410, the axial width of the blades is not considered, and the lower blade group is the same), the second blade group and the seventh blade group respectively comprise two outer soil throwing knives 432 arranged on the same radial plane of the cutter shaft 410, the third blade group and the sixth blade group respectively comprise two inner soil throwing knives 433 arranged on the same radial plane of the cutter shaft 410, and the fourth blade group and the fifth blade group respectively comprise two soil cutting knives 434 arranged on the same radial plane of the cutter shaft 410.

The soil leveling knives 431 are rectangular and distributed at two ends of the cutting and polishing flat knife assembly 430, and the number of the soil leveling knives is 4.

The soil cutting knives 434 are rectangular and distributed in the middle of the cutting and polishing flat knife assembly 430, and the number of the soil cutting knives is 4. The torsion angle of the bottom of the soil cutting knife 434 is 45 degrees, which can be changed according to actual needs.

The outer soil throwing knives 432 are rectangular and distributed beside the soil leveling knives 431 to one side of the middle of the cutting and throwing flat knife assembly 430, and the number of the outer soil throwing knives is 4, and the blades throw soil to the side and the rear during rotating operation. As shown in fig. 5 to 7, the bottom torsion angle α of the outer soil-throwing knife 432 is 45 °, which can be changed according to actual needs; the top bending angle β is 45 degrees, which is the angle θ between the side wall of the car groove 600 and the ground plane.

The inner soil throwing knives 433 are rectangular and are distributed beside the outer soil throwing knives 432 to one side of the middle of the cutting and throwing flat knife assembly 430, and the total number of the inner soil throwing knives is 4, the shape of the inner soil throwing knives is the same as that of the outer soil throwing knives 432, but the length of the inner soil throwing knives is longer.

The soil leveling knife 431, the soil cutting knife 434, the outer soil throwing knife 432 and the inner soil throwing knife 433 are all fixed on the knife holder 420 through bolts. The tool holder 420 is welded to the arbor 410, and a blade mounting groove formed in the tool holder is parallel to the axis of the arbor 410. The cutter shaft 410 has an outer diameter of 100mm and an inner diameter of 80mm, and left and right end portions thereof are connected to lower portions of left and right side plates of the machine frame 100 through bearings.

The thickness of the blade of each blade group is 6mm, and the axial distance between two adjacent blade groups is 2 mm.

As shown in fig. 4, the two blades of each blade set are rotationally symmetric 180 ° apart. The blades of each blade group are helically arranged on the knife shaft 410 at a helix angle of 45 °.

The number of the compartment groove finishing devices 500 is the same as that of the cutting and polishing flat cutter combination 430; each compartment ditch finishing device 500 is arranged behind one cutting and polishing flat cutter assembly 430, and is used for compacting and finishing the compartment ditch 600 formed by the cutting and polishing flat cutter assembly 430.

As shown in fig. 9-12, the trench conditioning device 500 includes a connecting handle 510, a conditioning wheel base 520, and a trench conditioning wheel 530.

The upper portion of the connecting handle 510 is provided with a plurality of groups of bolt holes 511, each group includes 2 bolt holes 511 at the same height, the plurality of groups of bolt holes 511 are at different heights, one group of bolt holes 511 can be selected to be connected with the connecting seat 110 on the back beam of the machine frame 100 through bolts, so as to adjust the up-and-down height of the connecting handle 510, and further adjust the compartment finishing compactness.

The lower portion of the connecting handle 510 is connected to the upper portion of the dresser base 520 through a thrust bearing 540 (in this embodiment, a tapered roller bearing) so that the groove dresser 530 can rotate circumferentially relative to the connecting handle 510, thereby achieving left and right profiling of the groove dresser 530 along with the wall of the groove.

The middle part of the connecting handle 510 is provided with a shock absorption structure 560, so that the carriage groove trimming wheel 530 can move up and down in a certain range, the upper and lower profile modeling of the ground surface structure is realized, and the specific composition and the connecting structure refer to the existing shock absorption spring.

The trench trimming wheel 530 has a double tapered shape with an outer shape corresponding to the trench. The dresser wheel base 520 is in an inverted U shape, and both sides of the groove dresser wheel 530 are respectively connected to one side of the U-shaped opening of the dresser wheel base 520 through a radial bearing 550 (in this embodiment, a ball bearing is used), and can flexibly rotate relative to the dresser wheel base 520. The rear side of the U-shaped opening of the compartment groove finishing wheel 530 is provided with a mud scraper 521, and the lower edge of the mud scraper 521 is close to the upper part and two sides of the compartment groove finishing wheel 530, so that the mud adhered to the compartment groove finishing wheel 530 can be scraped in the rotating process.

The cutting and throwing flat blade combined type ditch cultivator is formed by modifying the basis of the existing side transmission type rotary cultivator, the suspension mode is a rear tractor suspension type, the ditching operation is performed before rape and wheat are sowed, power is provided by an output shaft of the tractor, the power is transmitted to a main transmission box 310 through a universal transmission shaft and then transmitted to a side transmission box 320 through the universal transmission shaft, and the side transmission box 320 is connected with a blade shaft 410 and drives the blade shaft 410 to rotate.

The trenching process is described below with a single cut and level tool combination 430 as an example:

the cutter shaft 410 rotates clockwise, and the soil cutting knife 434 positioned in the middle of the cutting and throwing flat cutter assembly 430 performs certain sliding cutting on soil, straws and weeds, so that grass hanging of the cutter holder 420 and the cutter shaft 410 is reduced; the outer soil throwing knife 432 and the inner soil throwing knife 433 cut soil and throw the soil to form a ditch; the outermost soil leveling knife 431 performs soil leveling and forming operation on the soil thrown to the two sides of the ditch; the compartment ditch finishing device 500 compacts and finishes the compartment ditch 600 after the operation of the pair of polishing and leveling tool assemblies 430, keeps the soil smooth after the operation, and improves the quality of the compartment ditch 600. The requirement of the front carriage ditch 600 before sowing is met at one time through the steps, and the operation quality and efficiency of the ditcher are improved.

As shown in fig. 13, after the cutting and polishing combined single body operation, an inverted trapezoidal trench 600 is opened, wherein the width L1 of the bottom is 11.4cm, the width L2 of the top is 45cm, the depth H is 20cm, and the included angle θ between the side edge and the ground plane is 50 °.

Claims

1. A cut and throw flat blade combination formula railway carriage or compartment ditch cultivator which characterized in that: comprises a frame (100), a suspension bracket (200), a transmission device (300), a ditching knife roller (400) and a plurality of compartment ditch finishing devices (500);

the ditching knife roll (400) is arranged below the rack (100) and is in transmission connection with the output end of the transmission device (300); the ditching cutter roller (400) comprises a cutter shaft (410) and a plurality of cutting and polishing flat cutter combinations (430);

for each cutting and polishing flat cutter combination (430), eight blade groups are arranged along the axial direction of the cutter shaft (410), and the eight blade groups are sequentially called as a first blade group, a second blade group and an eighth blade group; the soil leveling device comprises a first blade group, a second blade group, a third blade group, a fourth blade group, a fifth blade group and a sixth blade group, wherein the first blade group and the eighth blade group respectively comprise a plurality of soil leveling knives (431) arranged on the radial plane of the same cutter shaft (410), the second blade group and the seventh blade group respectively comprise a plurality of outer soil throwing knives (432) arranged on the radial plane of the same cutter shaft (410), the third blade group and the sixth blade group respectively comprise a plurality of inner soil throwing knives (433) arranged on the radial plane of the same cutter shaft (410), and the fourth blade group and the fifth blade group respectively comprise a plurality of soil cutting knives (434) arranged on the radial plane of the same cutter shaft (410;

the soil leveling knife (431), the outer soil throwing knife (432), the inner soil throwing knife (433) and the soil cutting knife (434) are respectively fixed on the cutter shaft (410) through a knife holder (420); the rotating radiuses of the outer soil throwing cutter (432) and the inner soil throwing cutter (433) are sequentially increased and are respectively bent towards one side of the soil cutting cutter (434); the soil cutting knife (434) rotates to cut the bottom of the ditch (600), and the outer soil throwing knife (432) and the inner soil throwing knife (433) rotate to cut the side surface of the ditch (600); the rotation radius of the soil leveling knife (431) is the smallest, and the soil leveling knife is used for performing soil leveling operation on soil thrown to the outer side of the compartment ditch (600);

the number of the compartment ditch finishing devices (500) is the same as that of the cutting and polishing flat cutter combinations (430); each compartment ditch finishing device (500) is arranged behind one cutting and polishing flat cutter combination (430) and is used for compacting and finishing the compartment ditch (600) formed by the cutting and polishing flat cutter combination (430).

2. The cutting and polishing flat blade combined ditch cultivator of claim 1, wherein: the ditch trimming device (500) comprises a connecting handle (510), a trimming wheel base (520) and a ditch trimming wheel (530); the rear side of the rack (100) is provided with a connecting seat (110), and the upper part of the connecting handle (510) is fixedly connected with the connecting seat (110); the trimming wheel base (520) is in an inverted U shape, and the upper part of the trimming wheel base is connected with the lower part of the connecting handle (510); the ditch trimming wheel (530) is rotatably arranged in a U-shaped opening at the lower part of the trimming wheel base (520); the compartment groove finishing wheel (530) is in a double-cone shape, and the outer shape size of the compartment groove finishing wheel corresponds to that of the compartment groove.

3. The cutting and polishing flat blade combined ditch cultivator of claim 2, wherein: the lower part of the connecting handle (510) is connected with the trimming wheel base (520) through a thrust bearing (540), so that the compartment groove trimming wheel (530) can rotate circumferentially relative to the connecting handle (510); and two sides of the compartment groove trimming wheel (530) are respectively connected with one side of a U-shaped opening of the trimming wheel base (520) through a radial bearing (550).

4. The cutting and polishing flat blade combined ditch cultivator of claim 2, wherein: the connecting handle (510) is provided with a damping structure (560).

5. The cutting and polishing flat blade combined ditch cultivator of claim 2, wherein: the upper portion of the connecting handle (510) is provided with a plurality of groups of bolt holes (511), the plurality of groups of bolt holes (511) are located at different heights, and one group of bolt holes (511) can be selected to be connected with the connecting seat (110) through bolts.

6. The cutting and polishing flat blade combined ditch cultivator of claim 2, wherein: and a mud scraper (521) for scraping mud on the compartment groove finishing wheel (530) is also arranged in the U-shaped opening of the finishing wheel base (520).

7. The cutting and polishing flat blade combined type ditch cultivator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the number of the blades of each blade group is two, and the corresponding blade seats (420) are symmetrically arranged at intervals of 180 degrees.

8. The cutting and polishing flat blade combined type ditch cultivator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the blades of each blade group are spirally arranged on the cutter shaft (410) at a helix angle of 30-70 degrees.

9. The cutting and polishing flat blade combined type ditch cultivator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the thickness of the blade of each blade group is 4-10 mm, and the axial distance between every two adjacent blade groups is 0-20 mm.

10. The cutting and polishing flat blade combined type ditch cultivator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the soil leveling knife (431) is a rectangular blade; the soil cutting knife (434) is twisted by a certain angle on the basis of the rectangular blade, and the twisting angle is alpha; the outer soil throwing cutter (432) and the inner soil throwing cutter (433) are bent towards one side of the soil cutting cutter (434) on the basis of cutting into soil, and the bending angle beta is equal to the included angle theta between the side wall of the compartment groove (600) and the ground plane; the bottom of each blade is on the axial plane of the cutter shaft (410); the torsion angle alpha is 30-70 degrees, and the bending angle beta is 30-70 degrees.