CN212936588U

CN212936588U - Farmland ditching machine of adjustable operation width

Info

Publication number: CN212936588U
Application number: CN202021555263.6U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵元刚; 赵军; 赵英霞
Original assignee: HUBEI SHUANGYU MACHINERY TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
Current assignee: HUBEI SHUANGYU MACHINERY TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
Priority date: 2020-07-31
Filing date: 2020-07-31
Publication date: 2021-04-13
Anticipated expiration: 2030-07-31

Abstract

The utility model relates to a farmland ditching machine of adjustable operation width belongs to agricultural machinery technical field. It is composed of a frame, a gear box and a ditching device; a gearbox is fixedly arranged on the rack, and transmission shafts are arranged on two sides of the gearbox through a mounting rack and bearing blocks; the rack at the end of the transmission shaft is provided with a ditching device, and the rack above the ditching device is movably provided with a soil retaining protective cover. This farmland ditching machine simple structure, convenient operation, the big problem of current ditching cutter head resistance of digging into earth has been solved, quantity adjustment through both sides adjusting sleeve can realize the axial displacement of ditching cutter head on the assembly minor axis, the interval of two adjustable ditching cutter heads from this, in order to realize different operation breadth, it can not adjust to have solved current ditching machine operation breadth, receive great work limitation to a certain extent, can not satisfy the problem of agricultural production demand completely, it has positive meaning to the mechanized popularization of farmland operation.

Description

Farmland ditching machine of adjustable operation width

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a farmland ditching machine of adjustable operation width belongs to agricultural machinery technical field.

Background

Farmland ditcher has obtained extensive application in agricultural production, and its effect is planted in the farmland and takes both sides to set up the escape canal to guarantee to plant and take the soil moisture content, avoid appearing the waterlogging and steep in order to do benefit to the growth of crops, thereby ensure the harvest of crops. However, due to structural reasons, the existing farmland ditching machine has the defects that the ditching cutter head has large soil penetration resistance, so that the power consumption of traction equipment is large, the replacement and maintenance of parts are inconvenient, and the operation width cannot be adjusted, so that the existing farmland ditching machine is limited by large work to a certain extent and cannot completely meet the requirements of agricultural production; therefore, it is necessary to improve it to sufficiently meet the requirements of agricultural work.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to provide a: provides a farmland ditching machine which has simple structure, small resistance to soil penetration, is convenient for replacing and maintaining components and can adjust the operation width.

The technical scheme of the utility model is that:

a farmland ditching machine capable of adjusting the operation width comprises a frame, a gearbox and a ditching device; the gearbox is fixedly arranged on the frame, and the traction frame is fixedly arranged on the frame above the gearbox, and is characterized in that: two sides of the gearbox are provided with transmission shafts through a mounting rack and a bearing block; the transmission shaft is connected with the gearbox; the ditching device is mounted on the rack at the end of the transmission shaft and connected with the transmission shaft, a ditch cleaning and shaping plow is movably arranged on the rack at the rear end of the ditching device, a soil retaining protective cover is movably mounted on the rack above the ditching device, and a depth limiting sliding plate is fixedly mounted on the rack between the ditching device and the gearbox.

The ditching device consists of a ditching cutter head, a ditching soil breaking cutter, an assembly short shaft and an assembly sleeve; the ditching blade disc is discoid, and the central point of ditching blade disc is provided with the pilot hole, and the pilot hole is equipped with to adorn supporting admittedly, is provided with the assembly minor axis in the pilot hole, installs a plurality of ditching hack knives through the blade holder on the circumference of ditching blade disc. The depth-limiting sliding plate is shaped like a T.

The assembling short shaft is provided with a spline on the circumference, the inner wall of the assembling sleeve is provided with a key groove corresponding to the spline, and the assembling short shaft is connected with the assembling sleeve through the matching of the spline and the key groove in a sliding key mode so as to limit that the assembling sleeve can only axially slide on the assembling short shaft and cannot circumferentially rotate on the assembling short shaft.

And a flange plate is arranged at one end of the assembly short shaft, and a locking nut is arranged at the other end of the assembly short shaft in a threaded manner. A plurality of adjusting sleeves are movably sleeved on the assembly short shafts between the assembly sleeve and the flange plate and between the assembly sleeve and the locking nut. The tool apron is symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the circumference of the inner surface and the outer surface of the ditching cutter head. The tool apron is evenly distributed on the circumference of the inner surface and the outer surface of the ditching cutter head in an angle of 30 degrees. The ditching and soil crushing cutter is characterized in that the cutter holder is an open hollow rectangular body, a mounting hole is formed in the end face of one end of the cutter holder, and the ditching and soil crushing cutter is movably mounted on the cutter holder through a mounting fixing hole and the mounting hole by a fixing bolt. The tool apron is fixedly arranged on the circumference of the inner surface and the outer surface of the ditching cutter head in a staggered manner.

Ditching hack sword whole be the arcuation of bending, ditching hack sword's upper end is the form of buckling, ditching hack sword's upper end is three horn shapes, ditching hack sword's lower extreme is provided with the installation fixed orifices, ditching hack sword surface is provided with bellied strengthening rib, the strengthening rib uses the installation fixed orifices to upwards extend as the starting point. The ditch cleaning and shaping plow is a hollow rectangular body, the top of the ditch cleaning and shaping plow is fixedly provided with a mounting plate, the corner of the mounting plate is provided with a fixing hole, the bottom of the ditch cleaning and shaping plow is an inclined plane, and the front end face of the ditch cleaning and shaping plow is in a curved shape.

A farmland ditching machine capable of adjusting the operation width comprises a frame, a gearbox and a ditching device; the gearbox is fixedly arranged on the frame, and the traction frame is fixedly arranged on the frame above the gearbox, and is characterized in that: the two sides of the gearbox are provided with rotary tillage cutter shaft assemblies through a mounting rack and a bearing seat; the rotary tillage cutter shaft assembly is connected with the gearbox; a ditching device is mounted on the rack at the end of the rotary tillage cutter shaft assembly and connected with the transmission shaft, a ditch cleaning and shaping plow is movably arranged on the rack at the rear end of the ditching device, and a soil retaining protective cover is movably mounted on the rack above the ditching device.

The ditching device consists of a ditching cutter head, a ditching soil breaking cutter, an assembly short shaft and an assembly sleeve; the ditching blade disc is discoid, and the central point of ditching blade disc is provided with the pilot hole, and the pilot hole is equipped with to adorn supporting admittedly, is provided with the assembly minor axis in the pilot hole, installs a plurality of ditching hack knives through the blade holder on the circumference of ditching blade disc. The rotary tillage cutter shaft assembly consists of a cutter shaft tube, a tillage cutter holder and a rotary tillage cutter; a plurality of support rings are arranged on the cutter shaft tube at intervals, a plurality of ploughing cutter seats are uniformly distributed on the circumferential surface of the cutter shaft tube between the support rings at intervals in a staggered (spiral) shape, and rotary blades are movably arranged in each ploughing cutter seat; a plurality of depth-limiting rods are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the support rings, and the support rings are connected with each other through the depth-limiting rods.

The utility model has the advantages that:

the farmland ditching machine with the adjustable operation width is simple in structure and convenient to operate, and in the working process, the aim of ditching farmland soil is fulfilled by the ditching soil breaking cutters on the circumference of the ditching cutter head; because the ditching and soil crushing knife is provided with the raised reinforcing ribs, the integral strength of the ditching and soil crushing knife is increased, the damage probability is reduced, and the ditching and soil crushing knife is movably arranged on the knife seat through the fixed bolt, once the ditching and soil crushing knife is damaged, the ditching and soil crushing knife can be conveniently replaced and maintained, and simultaneously, because the ditching device is connected with the flange of the transmission shaft and the assembly short shafts at the two sides of the assembly sleeve for installing the ditching cutter head are provided with a plurality of adjusting sleeves, the axial movement of the ditching cutter head on the short assembly shaft can be realized through the quantity adjustment of the adjusting sleeves on the two sides, the interval of two adjustable ditching blade discs from this to realize different operation breadth, solved current ditching machine operation breadth and can not adjust, receive great work limitation to a certain extent, can not satisfy the problem of agricultural production demand completely, have positive meaning to the mechanized popularization of farmland operation.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a ditching device in embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a ditching cutter head of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the ditching and soil breaking knife of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a furrow clearing and shaping plow of embodiment 1 of the invention,

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a depth stop slide plate according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 2 of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a rotary tillage cutter shaft assembly in embodiment 2 of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic view of the structure along the direction a-a in fig. 8.

In the figure: 1. the device comprises a rack, 2, a gearbox, 3, a traction frame, 4, a transmission shaft, 5, a ditching cutter head, 6, a ditching soil breaking cutter, 7, an assembly short shaft, 8, an assembly sleeve, 9, a flange plate, 10, a locking nut, 11, an adjustment sleeve, 12, a cutter holder, 13, an installation fixing hole, 14, a reinforcing rib, 15, a ditch cleaning and shaping plow, 16, a fixing hole, 17, a soil retaining protective cover, 18, a depth limiting sliding plate, 19, a rotary tillage cutter shaft assembly, 20, a cutter shaft pipe, 21, a tillage cutter holder, 22, a rotary tillage cutter, 23, a support ring, 24 and a depth limiting rod.

Detailed Description

Example 1

The farmland ditching machine capable of adjusting the operation width consists of a frame 1, a gearbox 2 and a ditching device; a gear box 2 is fixedly arranged on a frame 1 of the frame body, a traction frame 3 is fixedly arranged on the frame 1 above the gear box 2, and transmission shafts 4 are arranged on two sides of the gear box 2 through a mounting frame and a bearing seat; the transmission shaft 4 is connected with the gearbox 2; in operation, the gearbox 2 is connected to the power system of the towing equipment (tractor) to transmit power to the driveshaft 4 to drive the driveshaft 4 to rotate. The rack 1 at the end of the transmission shaft 4 is provided with a ditching device. The ditching device consists of a ditching cutter head 5, a ditching soil breaking cutter 6, an assembly short shaft 7 and an assembly sleeve 8; the ditching blade disc is discoid, and the central point of ditching blade disc is provided with the pilot hole, and the dress is supporting 8 to be equipped with admittedly in the pilot hole, is provided with assembly minor axis 7 in the dress supporting 8. The circumference of the assembly short shaft 7 is provided with a spline, the inner wall of the assembly sleeve 8 is provided with a key groove corresponding to the spline, the assembly short shaft 7 is connected with the assembly sleeve 8 through the matching of the spline and the key groove in a sliding manner, and the assembly short shaft 7 is connected with the assembly sleeve 8 in a key manner, so that the assembly sleeve 8 can be limited to axially slide on the assembly short shaft 7 and cannot circumferentially rotate on the assembly short shaft 7. A T-shaped depth-limiting sliding plate 18 is fixedly arranged on the frame 1 between the ditching device and the gearbox 2 so as to limit the ditching depth of the ditching device.

A flange 9 is arranged at one end of the short assembly shaft 7, and the ditching device is in flange connection with the transmission shaft 4 through the flange 9 by the short assembly shaft 7; the other end of the assembling stub shaft 7 is provided with a locking nut 10 in a threaded mode. A plurality of adjusting sleeves 11 are movably sleeved on the assembly short shaft 7 between the assembly sleeve 8 and the flange plate 9 and on the assembly short shaft 7 between the assembly sleeve 8 and the locking nut 10. The axial movement of the ditching cutter head 5 on the assembly short shaft 7 can be realized through the quantity adjustment of the two side adjusting sleeves 11 of the assembly sleeve 8, so that the distance between the two ditching cutter heads 5 can be adjusted to realize different operation widths, and the problems that the operation width of the existing ditching machine can not be adjusted, the operation process is limited to a certain extent, and the agricultural production requirement can not be completely met are solved.

A plurality of tool apron 12 are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the circumference of the inner surface and the outer surface of the ditching cutter head 5, and the ditching soil crushing knife 6 is arranged on the tool apron 12. The tool holders 12 are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the inner surface and the outer surface of the ditching cutter head 5 in an angle of 30 degrees. The tool apron 12 is an open hollow rectangular body, and a mounting hole is formed in the end face of one end of the tool apron 12. Ditching hack sword 6 wholly is the curved arc form, ditching hack sword 6's upper end is the form of buckling, ditching hack sword 6's upper end is three horn shapes, ditching hack sword 6's lower extreme is provided with installation fixed orifices 13, ditching hack sword 6 surface is provided with bellied strengthening rib 14, strengthening rib 14 upwards extends with installation fixed orifices 13 as the starting point to strengthen ditching hack sword 6's bulk strength, ditching hack sword 6 is through installation fixed orifices 13 and mounting hole movable mounting on blade holder 12 by the gim peg. A ditch cleaning and shaping plow 15 is movably arranged on a machine frame 1 at the rear end of a ditching cutter head 5 of the ditching device, the ditch cleaning and shaping plow 15 is a hollow rectangular body, a mounting plate is fixedly arranged at the top of the ditch cleaning and shaping plow 15, fixing holes 16 are formed in the corners of the mounting plate, the bottom of the ditch cleaning and shaping plow 15 is an inclined plane, and the front end face of the ditch cleaning and shaping plow 15 is in a curved arc shape.

A soil retaining protective cover 17 is movably arranged on the frame 1 above the ditching cutter head 5 of the ditching device to prevent soil from flying during working. When the position of the ditching cutter head 5 is adjusted, the ditch cleaning and shaping plow 15 and the soil retaining shield 17 need to be adjusted adaptively at the same time.

In the working process of the farmland ditcher, the transmission shaft 4 is driven to rotate under the action of the gearbox 2; the transmission shaft 4 drives the ditching cutter head 5 to rotate through an assembly short shaft 7 and an assembly sleeve 8; when ditching blade disc 5 rotated, through ditching hack sword 6 on its circumference, realized the purpose of farmland soil ditching, because ditching hack sword 6 wholly is curved arcuation and the upper end is the form of buckling, the upper end is three horn shapes, can effectively reduce the resistance of penetrating into the soil (the rotation resistance of ditching blade disc 5) at the hack ditching in-process, solved the big problem of current ditching machine ditching blade disc resistance of penetrating into the soil from this, and then reduced haulage equipment's consumption.

Because be provided with bellied strengthening rib 14 on the hack sword 6 of ditching, thereby the bulk strength of hack sword 6 of ditching has been increased, the damage probability has been reduced, and ditching hack sword 6 passes through gim peg movable mounting on blade holder 12, in case the damage of ditching hack sword appears, can be convenient change the maintenance to it, and simultaneously, because ditching device and transmission shaft flange joint, and be provided with a plurality of adjustment cover 11 on the assembly minor axis of the assembly cover both sides of installation ditching blade disc, quantity adjustment through both sides adjustment cover 11 can realize the axial displacement of ditching blade disc 5 on assembly minor axis 7, from this adjustable two interval of ditching blade disc 5, in order to realize different operation breadth. After ditching blade disc 5 realized the ditching to farmland soil, the garrulous soil of production is outside the in-process that advances by clear ditch plastic plough 15 turned out the escape canal, realizes the clearance and the plastic to the escape canal from this, realizes the standardization and the wholeization to the escape canal, accomplishes the ditching operation of farmland planting area both sides escape canal. This farmland ditching machine of adjustable operation width has simple structure, convenient operation, and the characteristics that the practicality is good are planted in the assurance farmland and are taken the soil moisture content, thereby avoid appearing the waterlogging stain and ensure the harvest of crops and have positive popularization meaning.

As a further improvement of the ditching device, the tool apron 12 is fixedly arranged on the circumference of the inner surface and the outer surface of the ditching cutter head 5 in a staggered mode, so that the ditching soil crushing tools 6 can enter the soil one by one, the soil entering resistance of the ditching soil crushing tools 6 is further reduced, the rotation resistance of the ditching cutter head 5 is reduced, and the purpose of reducing the power consumption of the traction equipment is further achieved.

Example 2

The farmland ditching machine capable of adjusting the operation width consists of a frame 1, a gearbox 2 and a ditching device; a gear box 2 is fixedly arranged on a frame 1 of the frame body, a traction frame 3 is fixedly arranged on the frame 1 above the gear box 2, and rotary tillage cutter shaft assemblies 19 are arranged on two sides of the gear box 2 through a mounting frame and a bearing seat; the rotary tillage cutter shaft assembly 19 consists of a cutter shaft pipe 20, a tillage cutter seat 21 and a rotary blade 22; a plurality of support rings 23 are mounted on the arbor tube 20 at intervals, the support rings 23 are polygonal rings or circular discs formed by two semicircles, and the number of the support rings 23 is 3, 4 or 5. A plurality of plowing tool seats 21 are uniformly distributed on the circumferential surface of the cutter shaft tube 20 between the support rings 23 in an interval staggered (spiral) shape, and rotary blades 22 are movably arranged in each plowing tool seat 21; a plurality of depth-limiting rods 24 are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the support ring 23, and the depth-limiting rods 24 are in a round strip shape or a rectangular strip shape. The support rings 23 are connected to each other by a depth stop bar 24. The rotary tillage cutter shaft assembly 19 is connected with the gear box 2 through a cutter shaft pipe 20; in operation, the gearbox 2 is connected to the power system of the towing equipment (tractor) to transmit power to the rotary blade shaft assembly 19 to drive it to rotate as a whole. A ditching device is arranged on the frame 1 at the end of the rotary tillage cutter shaft assembly 19. The ditching device consists of a ditching cutter head 5, a ditching soil breaking cutter 6, an assembly short shaft 7 and an assembly sleeve 8; the ditching blade disc is discoid, and the central point of ditching blade disc is provided with the pilot hole, and the dress is supporting 8 to be equipped with admittedly in the pilot hole, is provided with assembly minor axis 7 in the dress supporting 8. The circumference of the assembly short shaft 7 is provided with a spline, the inner wall of the assembly sleeve 8 is provided with a key groove corresponding to the spline, the assembly short shaft 7 is connected with the assembly sleeve 8 through the matching of the spline and the key groove in a sliding manner, and the assembly short shaft 7 is connected with the assembly sleeve 8 in a key manner, so that the assembly sleeve 8 can be limited to axially slide on the assembly short shaft 7 and cannot circumferentially rotate on the assembly short shaft 7.

A flange plate 9 is arranged at one end of the short assembly shaft 7, and the ditching device is in flange connection with a cutter shaft pipe 20 of a rotary tillage cutter shaft assembly 19 through the flange plate 9 by the short assembly shaft 7; the other end of the assembling stub shaft 7 is provided with a locking nut 10 in a threaded mode. A plurality of adjusting sleeves 11 are movably sleeved on the assembly short shaft 7 between the assembly sleeve 8 and the flange plate 9 and on the assembly short shaft 7 between the assembly sleeve 8 and the locking nut 10. The axial movement of the ditching cutter head 5 on the assembly short shaft 7 can be realized through the quantity adjustment of the two side adjusting sleeves 11 of the assembly sleeve 8, so that the distance between the two ditching cutter heads 5 can be adjusted to realize different operation widths, and the problems that the operation width of the existing ditching machine can not be adjusted, the operation process is limited to a certain extent, and the agricultural production requirement can not be completely met are solved.

In the working process of the farmland ditcher, the rotary tillage cutter shaft assembly 19 is driven to rotate under the action of the gearbox 2; the rotary tillage cutter shaft assembly 19 drives the ditching cutter head 5 to rotate through the assembly short shaft 7 and the assembly sleeve 8; because the rotary blades 22 of the rotary blade shaft assembly 19 are spirally or spirally arranged on the blade shaft pipe 20, the resistance of the blades to soil can be effectively reduced during working, and the soil after rotary tillage is not hardened; thereby greatly improving the rotary tillage effect, and the rotary tillage cutter 22 adopts movable mounting, and the cutter can be conveniently replaced according to actual needs so as to meet the operation requirements of various farmlands, and simultaneously brings great convenience for maintenance work.

When the ditching blade disc 5 rotates simultaneously, through ditching hack sword 6 on its circumference, realize the purpose of farmland soil ditching, because ditching hack sword 6 wholly is curved arcuation and the upper end is the form of buckling, the upper end is three horn shapes, can effectively reduce the resistance of penetrating into the soil (the rotation resistance of ditching blade disc 5) at hack ditching in-process, solved the big problem of current ditching machine ditching blade disc resistance of penetrating into the soil from this, and then reduced haulage equipment's consumption.

Because be provided with bellied strengthening rib 14 on the hack sword 6 of ditching, thereby the bulk strength of hack sword 6 of ditching has been increased, the damage probability has been reduced, and ditching hack sword 6 passes through gim peg movable mounting on blade holder 12, in case the damage of ditching hack sword appears, can be convenient change the maintenance to it, and simultaneously, because ditching device and transmission shaft flange joint, and be provided with a plurality of adjustment cover 11 on the assembly minor axis of the assembly cover both sides of installation ditching blade disc, quantity adjustment through both sides adjustment cover 11 can realize the axial displacement of ditching blade disc 5 on assembly minor axis 7, from this adjustable two interval of ditching blade disc 5, in order to realize different operation breadth. After ditching blade disc 5 realized the ditching to farmland soil, the garrulous soil of production is outside the in-process that advances by clear ditch plastic plough 15 turned out the escape canal, realizes the clearance and the plastic to the escape canal from this, realizes the standardization and the wholeization to the escape canal, accomplishes the ditching operation of farmland planting area both sides escape canal. As a further improvement of the ditching device, the tool apron 12 is fixedly arranged on the circumference of the inner surface and the outer surface of the ditching cutter head 5 in a staggered mode, so that the ditching soil crushing tools 6 can enter the soil one by one, the soil entering resistance of the ditching soil crushing tools 6 is further reduced, the rotation resistance of the ditching cutter head 5 is reduced, and the purpose of reducing the power consumption of the traction equipment is further achieved. This farmland ditching machine of adjustable operation width has simple structure, convenient operation, and the characteristics that the practicality is good through the replacement to transmission shaft 4 and rotary tillage arbor assembly 19, can realize the operation purpose of ditching alone or ditching, rotary tillage go on simultaneously to the farmland. Has positive popularization significance for ensuring the harvest of crops.

The above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, and not for limiting the present invention, and those skilled in the relevant art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, so all equivalent technical solutions also belong to the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A farmland ditching machine capable of adjusting the operation width is composed of a frame (1), a gearbox (2) and a ditching device; the gearbox (2) is fixedly arranged on the frame (1), and the traction frame (3) is fixedly arranged on the frame (1) above the gearbox (2), and is characterized in that: two sides of the gearbox (2) are provided with transmission shafts (4) through mounting frames and bearing seats; the transmission shaft (4) is connected with the gearbox (2); the ditching device is installed on frame (1) at transmission shaft (4) end, and the ditching device is connected with transmission shaft (4), and frame (1) of ditching device rear end is gone up the activity and is provided with clear ditch plastic plough (15), and movable mounting has fender soil protection casing (17) on frame (1) of ditching device top, is equipped with depth-limiting slide (18) on frame (1) between ditching device and gearbox (2) admittedly.

2. An agricultural furrowing machine capable of adjusting the working width as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the ditching device consists of a ditching cutter head (5), a ditching soil crushing cutter (6), an assembly short shaft (7) and an assembly sleeve (8); ditching blade disc (5) are discoid, and the central point of ditching blade disc (5) is provided with the pilot hole, and the pilot hole is equipped with the dress in the pilot hole and matches (8) admittedly, is provided with assembly minor axis (7) in the dress matches (8), installs ditching hack sword (6) through blade holder (12) on the circumference of ditching blade disc (5), limit for depth slide (18) be "T" shape.

3. An agricultural furrowing machine capable of adjusting the working width as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the circumference of the assembly short shaft (7) is provided with a spline, the inner wall of the assembly sleeve (8) is provided with a key groove corresponding to the spline, and the assembly short shaft (7) is connected with the assembly sleeve (8) through the matching of the spline and the key groove in a sliding key manner so as to limit that the assembly sleeve (8) can only axially slide on the assembly short shaft (7) and cannot circumferentially rotate on the assembly short shaft (7); a flange plate (9) is arranged at one end of the assembly short shaft (7), and a locking nut (10) is installed at the other end of the assembly short shaft (7) in a threaded manner; a plurality of adjusting sleeves (11) are movably sleeved on the assembly short shaft (7) between the assembly sleeve (8) and the flange plate (9) and between the assembly sleeve (8) and the locking nut (10).

4. An agricultural furrowing machine capable of adjusting the working width as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the tool apron (12) is symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the circumference of the inner surface and the outer surface of the ditching cutter head (5); the ditching and soil crushing cutter is characterized in that the cutter seats (12) are uniformly distributed on the circumferences of the inner surface and the outer surface of the ditching cutter head (5) in an angle of 30 degrees, the cutter seats (12) are open hollow rectangular bodies, mounting holes are formed in the end face of one end of each cutter seat (12), and the ditching and soil crushing cutter (6) is movably mounted on the cutter seats (12) through mounting fixing holes (13) and the mounting holes by fixing bolts; the ditching hack sword (6) wholly be the arcuation that bends, the upper end of ditching hack sword (6) is the form of buckling, the upper end of ditching hack sword (6) is three horn shapes, the lower extreme of ditching hack sword (6) is provided with installation fixed orifices (13), ditching hack sword (6) surface is provided with bellied strengthening rib (14), strengthening rib (14) use installation fixed orifices (13) to upwards extend as the starting point.

5. An agricultural furrowing machine capable of adjusting the working width as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the ditch cleaning and shaping plow (15) is a hollow rectangular body, the top of the ditch cleaning and shaping plow (15) is fixedly provided with a mounting plate, the corner of the mounting plate is provided with a fixing hole (16), the bottom of the ditch cleaning and shaping plow (15) is an inclined plane, and the front end face of the ditch cleaning and shaping plow (15) is in a curved shape.

6. A farmland ditching machine capable of adjusting the operation width is composed of a frame (1), a gearbox (2) and a ditching device; the gearbox (2) is fixedly arranged on the frame (1), and the traction frame (3) is fixedly arranged on the frame (1) above the gearbox (2), and is characterized in that: two sides of the gearbox (2) are provided with a rotary tillage cutter shaft assembly (19) through a mounting rack and a bearing seat; the rotary tillage cutter shaft assembly (19) is connected with the gearbox (2); a ditching device is mounted on a rack (1) at the end of the rotary tillage cutter shaft assembly (19), the ditching device is connected with the rotary tillage cutter shaft assembly (19), a ditch cleaning and shaping plow (15) is movably arranged on the rack (1) at the rear end of the ditching device, and a soil retaining protective cover (17) is movably mounted on the rack (1) above the ditching device.

7. An agricultural furrowing machine capable of adjusting the working width as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the ditching device consists of a ditching cutter head (5), a ditching soil crushing cutter (6), an assembly short shaft (7) and an assembly sleeve (8); the ditching cutter head (5) is disc-shaped, an assembly hole is formed in the center of the ditching cutter head (5), an assembly sleeve (8) is fixedly installed in the assembly hole, an assembly short shaft (7) is arranged in the assembly sleeve (8), ditching soil crushing cutters (6) are installed on the circumference of the ditching cutter head (5) through cutter holders (12), and the rotary tillage cutter shaft assembly (19) is composed of a cutter shaft pipe (20), a tillage cutter holder (21) and rotary tillage cutters (22); a plurality of support rings (23) are arranged on the cutter shaft tube (20) at intervals, a plurality of ploughing cutter seats (21) are uniformly distributed on the circumferential surface of the cutter shaft tube (20) between the support rings (23) at intervals in a staggered manner, and rotary tillage cutters (22) are movably arranged in each ploughing cutter seat (21); a plurality of depth-limiting rods (24) are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the support rings (23), and the support rings (23) are connected with each other through the depth-limiting rods (24).

8. An agricultural furrowing machine capable of adjusting the working width as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the circumference of the assembly short shaft (7) is provided with a spline, the inner wall of the assembly sleeve (8) is provided with a key groove corresponding to the spline, and the assembly short shaft (7) is connected with the assembly sleeve (8) through the matching of the spline and the key groove in a sliding key manner so as to limit that the assembly sleeve (8) can only axially slide on the assembly short shaft (7) and cannot circumferentially rotate on the assembly short shaft (7); a flange plate (9) is arranged at one end of the assembly short shaft (7), and a locking nut (10) is installed at the other end of the assembly short shaft (7) in a threaded manner; a plurality of adjusting sleeves (11) are movably sleeved on the assembly short shaft (7) between the assembly sleeve (8) and the flange plate (9) and between the assembly sleeve (8) and the locking nut (10).

9. An agricultural furrowing machine capable of adjusting the working width as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the tool apron (12) is symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the circumference of the inner surface and the outer surface of the ditching cutter head (5); the ditching and soil crushing cutter is characterized in that the cutter seats (12) are uniformly distributed on the circumferences of the inner surface and the outer surface of the ditching cutter head (5) in an angle of 30 degrees, the cutter seats (12) are open hollow rectangular bodies, mounting holes are formed in the end face of one end of each cutter seat (12), and the ditching and soil crushing cutter (6) is movably mounted on the cutter seats (12) through mounting fixing holes (13) and the mounting holes by fixing bolts; the ditching hack sword (6) wholly be the arcuation that bends, the upper end of ditching hack sword (6) is the form of buckling, the upper end of ditching hack sword (6) is three horn shapes, the lower extreme of ditching hack sword (6) is provided with installation fixed orifices (13), ditching hack sword (6) surface is provided with bellied strengthening rib (14), strengthening rib (14) use installation fixed orifices (13) to upwards extend as the starting point.

10. An agricultural furrowing machine capable of adjusting the working width as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the ditch cleaning and shaping plow (15) is a hollow rectangular body, the top of the ditch cleaning and shaping plow (15) is fixedly provided with a mounting plate, the corner of the mounting plate is provided with a fixing hole (16), the bottom of the ditch cleaning and shaping plow (15) is an inclined plane, and the front end face of the ditch cleaning and shaping plow (15) is in a curved shape.