CN211664912U - Ecological restoration system for shallow water type polluted lake - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an ecological remediation system for shallow water type pollutes lake, including low sewage treatment structure, introduction structure and grass type clear water structure, low pollution water treatment structure includes domesticates the incoming water, realizes through the showy plant, artifical chinampa or the floating bed of alternative arrangement, and the incoming water is external low-pollution water or the lake water of normal position; the introduction structure comprises floating-leaf plants, native soil-resistant submerged plants and clear water-loving submerged plants which are used for constructing the grass-type lake ecosystem; the grass type clear water structure comprises benthonic animal groups and native fishes which are put in the introduction structure. Under the premise that the water transparency and the external natural conditions are met, the utility model gradually artificially introduces vegetation mainly comprising submerged plants, absorbs pollutants in the water and polluted bottom mud through the plants, effectively reduces the pollutants, and gradually improves the water quality; through the vegetation restoration mode, gradually construct healthy lake ecosystem, improve quality of water, can not produce harmful substance, can not cause other environmental problems.

Description

Ecological restoration system for shallow water type polluted lake

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an environmental management technical field, more specifically say and indicate the ecological remediation system that is used for shallow water type polluted lake.

Background

Lakes around cities are mostly acceptors of urban surface runoff and surrounding domestic sewage, and water is rich in nutrients such as organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like and forms a certain amount of accumulation. Most of the lake bodies are closed slow-flow water bodies, generally, the water environment capacity is small, the water body self-purification capacity is poor, a large number of pollutants enter the lake bodies along with runoff in rainy seasons, the lake bodies are eutrophicated, and the water environment quality and the water ecological health are seriously influenced. Meanwhile, the amount of sediment in the lakes is large, the contents of organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus are high, and pollutants in the sediment consume dissolved oxygen in water, so that the water quality is further influenced, and the pollution is aggravated. At present, aiming at the mature sewage treatment technology of urban domestic sewage, the sewage treatment process and the treatment degree are determined according to the water quality condition and the treated water direction by physical, chemical and biological methods; aiming at shallow eutrophic lakes, there is no sustainable and stable operation treatment technology and water pollution treatment system which can improve water quality and does not cause other environmental problems.

Therefore, it is necessary to design a new lake pollution remediation system, which can improve water quality and avoid other environmental problems.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to overcome prior art's defect, provide an ecological remediation system for shallow water type pollutes lake.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme: the ecological restoration system for the shallow water type polluted lake comprises a low-sewage treatment structure, a plant introduction structure and a clear water structure, wherein the low-pollution water treatment structure comprises floating plants, artificial floating islands or floating beds which are used for domesticating incoming water and are alternately arranged, and the incoming water is external low-pollution water or in-situ lake water; the introduction structure comprises floating-leaf plants, native soil-resistant submerged plants and clear water-loving submerged plants which are used for constructing a grass-type lake ecosystem; the clear water stable structure comprises benthonic animal groups and native fishes put in the introduction structure.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model beneficial effect be: the utility model discloses an ecological remediation system for shallow water type pollutes lake, under the prerequisite that water transparency and external natural condition satisfy, progressively the artificial introduction vegetation of giving first place to the benthophyte, through the pollutant in plant absorption water and the pollution bed mud, effectively reduce the pollutant, progressively improve quality of water; by adopting the method, a healthy lake ecosystem can be gradually constructed, the water quality can be improved, harmful substances can not be generated, and other environmental problems can not be caused.

The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural block diagram of an ecological restoration system for shallow polluted lakes according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to more fully understand the technical content of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be further described and illustrated with reference to the following specific embodiments, but not limited thereto.

As shown in the specific embodiment shown in fig. 1, the specific implementation area of the shallow water type eutrophic lake ecological restoration system provided by this embodiment is a large port water area in the southern part of the Yunnan grass sea, and can also be applied to ecological management of other shallow water type eutrophic lake water bodies. The three structures in fig. 1 are not distinguished as specific regions, i.e., the three structures may be located within the same region.

The 'large port' water area is a part of the Yunnan pond, is positioned between the open sea and the grass sea of the Yunnan pond, is separated from the sea ridge derived from the embankment ridge only between the open sea, and the north permeable embankment is communicated with the grass sea, and the water level is basically consistent with the grass sea, thus the 'large port' water area belongs to a semi-closed water area. The area of the water area with the large mooring opening is 780 mu, the perimeter is 2792m, the average water depth is about 2m, and when the water level reaches the normal control water level 1886.80m of the grass sea, the volume of the water body in the area is about 100 ten thousand m³. Before the large port ecological restoration project is implemented, the overall water quality is of class V, the condition of blue algae enrichment frequently occurs in summer and autumn every year, the water environment of the water body is poor, and the water ecological system is seriously damaged.

As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an ecological restoration system for shallow water type polluted lakes, which comprises a low-sewage treatment structure 1, a seeding structure 2 and a grass-type clean water structure 3, wherein the low-pollution treatment structure 1 is located in the southwest corner of a water area and comprises domesticated incoming water and alternately arranged floating plants (captivity), artificial floating islands or floating beds, the incoming water can be external low-pollution water or in-situ lake water, the incoming water in the embodiment is mainly tail water of a Yunnan pond Longmen algae water separation station, the content of pollutants is relatively low, and the incoming water also comprises in-situ water in a large pool area; the introduction structure comprises introduction floating-leaf plants, native soil-resistant submerged plants and freshwater-loving submerged plants for constructing a grass-type ecosystem; the clear water stable state structure includes that the benthonic animal class crowd (such as native snail class, the lamellibranches class) and native fish (such as the sinocyclocheilus grahami etc.) that are arranged in introducing the structure and are used for clear water stable state to maintain, has still laid hydrodynamic force if necessary and has improved equipment (such as water pump, plug flow machine, surge machine etc.).

The ecological restoration system comprises a low-pollution water treatment structure 1 which is mainly used for domesticating the incoming water entering a treatment water area, including external low-pollution water and in-situ water. In this example, the low-pollution water treatment structure sets up in the southwest of waters, and the low-pollution water comes for yunnan pond longmen algae water separation station goes out water. The incoming water has higher transparency, but still has certain pollutants and suspended matters in the water body, so a low-pollution water treatment structure needs to be arranged, the incoming water is subjected to plant acclimation treatment to reduce the content of the pollutants in the water body, and certain conditions are provided for the construction of a subsequent introduction structure and a clear water stable structure. Meanwhile, the low-pollution water treatment structure is arranged, so that the water cannot be directly impacted, and the situation that the sediment releases nutrients due to the disturbance of the sediment is accelerated is reduced. In addition, the low-pollution water treatment structure mainly comprises a captive floating plant and an ecological floating bed. The floating plants are Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms or Pistia stratiotes, and by captive breeding, the disordered growth of the floating plants is avoided, so that the aim of controlling the growth range of the floating plants and reducing the management cost is fulfilled; plants mainly including Leersi hexandra Swartz and Paspalum distichum are arranged on the ecological floating bed. Meanwhile, the floating plants need to be observed in time, and the biomass of the floating plants needs to be controlled reasonably in time.

The introduction structure 2 of the ecological restoration system is mainly used for restoring submerged vegetation in the restoration of a water ecological system. The introduction structure comprises floating-leaf plants, native soil-resistant submerged plants and clear water-loving submerged plants which are reasonably arranged. The most important and critical step is the recovery of submerged plants, which is also the most difficult step. In the embodiment, the submerged plants are introduced step by step and gradually partitioned, and the submerged plants are artificially propagated according to the field water environment condition. Meanwhile, the succession process of the submerged plants is guided under the appropriate conditions to promote the system to be transformed to the grass type steady state.

The proportional relation between the transparency of the water body and the water depth is a key factor for the success of the introduction of the submerged plants. When the transparency of the water body is very low and the underwater light field condition can not meet the growth of the aquatic plants, the photosynthesis of the aquatic plants is blocked, so that the aquatic plants can not survive. Therefore, the submerged vegetation restoration work can be carried out only by judging the water transparency of the water area and combining the water depth condition to obtain the basic condition for vegetation survival.

When the water depth/transparency is more than 5, only the leafy plants can be introduced, and the introduced plants are recommended to be Xingpoids (Gymphodies peltatum (Gmel.) O.Kuntze) and Trapa indica (Trapa incisa var. sieb.); introduction of water lily (Nymphaea tetragona) is not recommended mainly because water lily is easy to survive and has a fast propagation speed, extremely large biomass and difficult cleaning, and easily occupies a space for recovery of a subsequent submerged plant.

When the water depth/transparency is less than 5, the soil-resistant submerged plants can be introduced, and the species are mainly Potamogeton pectinatus (Potamogeton pectivus L.) and Myriophyllum spicatum (Myriophyllum spicatum).

When the water depth/transparency is less than 3.5, the submerged plants that can be introduced include hornfish algae (ceratophyllum demergesum L.) and black algae (Hydrilla verticillata), and curly pondweed can be introduced in winter.

When the water depth/transparency is less than 2, the submerged plants of the favorite clear water, Malaysia malayana (Potamogetonwrightii Morong), tape grass (Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara), and Eucheuma Gelatinosum (Otteriaacuminata) can be introduced.

The introduction order of the submerged plants can be according to the above priority order to plant the submerged plants, and when the transparency temporarily does not meet the requirement, the submerged plants of the better grade can be intercropped in the plants which have already formed the community.

In this example, the contaminated substrate sludge is not directly treated, but indirectly restored by vegetation restoration. The submerged plants are mainly used for absorbing pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the bottom mud, and partial varieties can also enrich heavy metals or absorb and degrade certain organic matters. The water ecosystem of a large-mooring-mouth water area is restored by adopting a vegetation restoration mode, and the purpose of gradually treating endogenous pollution is achieved by absorbing, degrading and converting organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrient substances in the water body and bottom mud through aquatic plants.

In addition, the above ecological restoration system further comprises a clear water stable structure 3, and the grass-type clear water structure 3 comprises benthonic animals (native snails and branchia) and native fishes (sinocyclocheilus grahami, etc.) put in the introduction structure.

When the clear water in the water area is kept stable, when the submerged plants are recovered and the dissolved oxygen in the bottom layer meets the survival requirement of benthonic animals (when the dissolved oxygen in the bottom layer is more than 2), the benthonic animals are thrown into the aquatic vegetation recovery area, and the main species are key dominant species of groups such as tubificidae, chironomidae, common snails and the like (such as branchiurusculbryi (Beddard,1892)), Naididae (Naididae) species, isopycterina (Einfeldia), croissimania gracilis (semiinospiracetaticascelicella Bonson), periwinkle (bellamyya) and the like); artificially breeding the native snails, and artificially broadcasting the native snails in each patch in an area with proper substrate, luxuriant aquatic plants and better water quality; recovering the population of the Lamellibranchia (Lamellibranchia), and particularly putting Anodonta (Anodonta) and corbicula fluminea (Corbicula fluminea) in a suitable area; throwing a raddish snail (Radix auricularia) in an aquatic plant recovery area; when the coverage of submerged vegetation reaches more than 45%, native fish Sinocyclocheilus grahami is added.

For shallow water type eutrophic lakes with poor fluidity, particularly closed and semi-closed shallow water type lakes, hydrodynamic improvement of water bodies is also an important auxiliary means in the water ecological restoration process. Under the condition of poor transparency and dissolved oxygen, equipment for improving hydrodynamic force (such as a water pump, a flow pushing machine, a surge machine and the like) is added properly, so that the habitat of submerged plants and benthonic animals can be improved, and the construction of a stable structure of clear water can be promoted. When the hydrodynamic device is in operation, the influenced water depth is controlled, and disturbance to the sediment and the growth of submerged plants are avoided.

On the premise that the transparency of the water body and the external natural conditions are met, the vegetation mainly comprising submerged plants is artificially introduced, and pollutants in the water body and the polluted bottom mud are absorbed by the plants, so that the pollutants are effectively reduced, and the water quality of the lake water area is improved; through the vegetation restoration mode, a healthy lake ecosystem can be gradually constructed, the water quality can be improved, harmful substances cannot be generated, and other environmental problems cannot be caused.

With the implementation of the restoration measures, the water environment and ecological conditions of the large mooring opening are continuously improved. The monitoring data shows that: through engineering implementation and continuous management and protection work, the water quality of a large-mooring-mouth water area is obviously improved. The total phosphorus decreased from 0.219mg/L at 2 months in 2015 to 0.0677mg/L at 2 months in 2018, which was a reduction of 69.08%. The total nitrogen decreased from 4.09mg/L at 2 months in 2015 to 1.48mg/L at 2 months in 2018, a reduction of 63.81%. Chlorophyll a decreased from 0.156mg/L at 2 months in 2015 to 0.0307mg/L at 2 months in 2018, a reduction of 80.32%.

Meanwhile, the cover degree of the aquatic plants is greatly increased, and the proportion of the aquatic vegetation distribution area in the whole large port is up to 46%. Meanwhile, the submerged plants playing an important role in water quality improvement and ecosystem reconstruction are increased in a large area, a distribution area is propagated to a deep water area, and the proportion of the distribution area of the submerged plants in the whole water area is increased from 19% in 2014 to 42% in 2018; meanwhile, the composition of submerged vegetation species also changes to a certain extent, and the biological diversity is improved by changing from the original mode that the potamogeton ricini (red line grass) is taken as the main mode to the coexistence of various submerged plants such as spike-shaped foxtail algae, goldfish algae, curly pondweed, black algae, sowthistle, sea weed flower and the like. The large port has been changed from algae type turbid water state to grass type clear water state.

The technical content of the present invention is further described by the embodiments only, so as to facilitate understanding, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any technical extension or re-creation according to the present invention is protected by the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is subject to the claims.

Claims (1)

1. The ecological restoration system for the shallow water type polluted lake is characterized in that the shallow water type lake with the restoration water depth not exceeding 2.5 m comprises a low-pollution water treatment structure, a plant introduction structure and a clear water stable structure, wherein the low-pollution water treatment structure comprises floating plants, artificial floating islands or floating beds which are used for domesticating incoming water and are alternately arranged, and the incoming water is external low-pollution water or in-situ lake water; the introduction structure comprises introduction floating-leaf plants, native soil-resistant submerged plants and clear water-loving submerged plants for constructing a grass-type lake ecosystem; the clear water stable structure comprises benthonic animal groups and native fishes put in the introduction structure.

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