CN111072219A - Method for controlling eutrophication of wetland pre-pond - Google Patents
Method for controlling eutrophication of wetland pre-pond Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F7/00—Aeration of stretches of water
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for controlling eutrophication of a wetland pre-pond, which comprises the following steps: in the initial stage of ecological system construction, biological bricks, a phosphorus locking agent and a circulating aeration device are applied to quickly improve the water quality and the substrate of the pre-pond; after the water ecosystem is quickly restored, plants are systematically planted in the water, the bottom and the bank of the front-mounted pond, and after a clear water stable shallow lake ecosystem based on submerged plants is gradually formed, the number of steps is gradually reduced to no quick improvement measures are needed, and regular maintenance is carried out on the project. By adopting the control method, the water-bottom-bank systematic environment optimization can be carried out on the preposed pond, and the natural construction and the gradual improvement of the ecological system of the clear water stable shallow lake are promoted, so that the eutrophication of the preposed pond is prevented for a long time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of water ecological restoration, in particular to a method for controlling eutrophication of a wetland pre-pond.
Background
The artificial wet land is a sewage treatment technology which artificially controls sewage to be added into a filler with aquatic plants, makes the sewage flow along a certain direction according to different control modes and different residence times, and achieves the water quality purification through the combined action of adsorption, precipitation, ion exchange, plant absorption and microbial degradation under the combined action of physics, chemistry and biology. The artificial wetland is an important engineering measure in the watershed water environment treatment process, has the important functions of purifying water and improving watershed water quality, and has the advantages of high efficiency, low operation and maintenance cost, strong impact load resistance and the like. Meanwhile, the wetland has ornamental value, so that the wetland can provide a rest and entertainment space for people on the basis of the good ecological environment of the wetland and wetland landscape resources, and the ecological protection value is formed while social benefits are created.
In order to meet the operation requirement of the artificial wetland, reduce the blockage degree of the wetland and improve the purification effect of the wetland, a pre-pond pretreatment system is usually arranged at the front end of the functional wetland, and the concentration of suspended matters entering the functional wetland system is reduced through the precipitation and purification process of a target water body. The design of the preposed pond and the ecological engineering of the land parcel are considered comprehensively, so that the ecological culture of the wetland is displayed while the ecological culture has a purification function, and the water environment quality of the region is improved.
In the wetland pre-pond, a series of physicochemical and biochemical processes occur in the pre-pond after a target water body stays for a period of time, part of contained nutrient salts such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like are converted into particle forms from solubility and are settled under the action of phytoplankton, the settlement process comprises a natural settlement process and flocculation settlement, and the settlement process is enhanced due to the existence of natural precipitating agents and flocculating agents in the water body. However, the target water body is derived from micro-polluted surface water, the components are complex, and the target water body possibly contains a large amount of nutrient salts such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like, the nutrient salts are continuously accumulated in the preposed pond, the concentration is increased, the productivity of the water body is improved, a part of algae biomass is promoted to be massively propagated, the eutrophication phenomenon is caused, the water body is green and has peculiar smell, and the environment quality of the preposed pond landscape and the whole wetland system is seriously influenced.
Many factors causing eutrophication include physical, chemical, climatic, biological factors, etc., each of which affects the growth of algae to different degrees, wherein nitrogen and phosphorus nutritive salts and hydraulic conditions are the most critical influencing factors. The prior art literature search shows that the existing lake and reservoir water eutrophication control method mainly comprises two categories of external treatment and in-situ treatment.
The external treatment is to construct a treatment facility before the target water body enters the lake reservoir, treat the treatment facility in a physicochemical or biochemical mode and discharge the treated treatment facility into the lake reservoir. Common external processing techniques include: mechanical filtration, biological filters, and the like. The mechanical filtration is simple and easy to implement, can filter granular substances and algae cells, but has poor removal effect on soluble pollutants; the biological filter can remove soluble pollutants by increasing aeration, but has poor removal effect on nutrient salts, higher energy consumption and high operating cost.
The in-situ treatment is to take measures in situ to solve the pollutants and nutritive salts in situ, promote the recovery of the self-purification capability of the polluted water body and finally realize the control of eutrophication. An aquatic plant floating bed is a common in-situ treatment technology, for example, Chinese patent document CN108083446A discloses a composite restoring method for eutrophicated water body in a water area, and an aquatic plant microorganism combined purification section is designed: a three-dimensional fence structure of a floating bed of aquatic plants is adopted and arranged in a water body to form a strip-shaped plant net wall with a certain width, emergent aquatic plants, floating leaf plants and submerged plants are reasonably matched and arranged to construct an anaerobic/anoxic environment, and the content of nutritive salt and organic matters in the water body is reduced, the level of algae is controlled, and the occurrence of eutrophication is controlled by relying on the strong absorption capacity and the microbial action of the submerged plants, the emergent aquatic plants and the floating leaf plants. However, due to the complex water pollution components, the single aquatic plant floating bed is adopted, the effect is slow, and the floating bed is often used in combination with other technologies.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a wetland pre-pond eutrophication control method, which is used for performing 'water-bottom-bank' systematic environmental optimization on a pre-pond and preventing the pre-pond eutrophication for a long time.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a wetland pre-pond eutrophication control method comprises the following steps:
(1) the water quality and the bottom material of the front pond are rapidly improved: in the initial stage of ecological system construction, biological bricks, a phosphorus locking agent and a circulating aeration device are applied to quickly improve the water quality and the substrate of the pre-pond;
(2) after the water ecosystem is quickly restored, plants are systematically planted in the water, the bottom and the bank of the preposed pond: arranging an ecological floating island and planting emergent aquatic plants in a water body of a front pond, planting submerged plants and assisting in inoculating mycorrhizal fungi on a substrate of the front pond, planting emergent aquatic plants on a side slope and a shallow part of the front pond, and constructing a waterfront buffer zone;
(3) gradually forming a clear water stable shallow lake ecosystem based on submerged plants by using the method in the step (2), and gradually reducing the number of quick improvement measures in the step (1);
(4) engineering maintenance: periodically cleaning plant residues and garbage floating on the water surface of the preposed pond; harvesting emergent aquatic plants growing on the ecological floating island regularly to take away nutrient salt, and supplementing the plants in dead areas; before the submerged plants are killed in winter, the plants are salvaged and transported away, so that secondary pollution to a water body caused by rotting of the plants is avoided.
Furthermore, the biological brick is prepared by matching a microorganism concentrated solution and solid paraffin according to a certain proportion.
Furthermore, the main component of the phosphorus locking agent is lanthanum modified bentonite.
Furthermore, the ecological floating island carrier is made of high polymer materials.
Furthermore, the ecological floating island carrier is arc-shaped or rectangular, and different sizes and shapes can be spliced according to actual requirements.
Furthermore, the emergent aquatic plant is selected from one or more of cattail, reed, canna, lotus, rush, water spinach, calamus and wild rice stem.
Further, the submerged plant is selected from one or more of myriophyllum, Goldfish algae, hydrilla verticillata and tape grass.
Further, the dosage of the phosphorus locking agent is 50-200mg/L, and the dosage frequency is 1-2 times per week.
Furthermore, the circulating aeration device is a solar fountain type aerator, and the oxygen increasing capacity is 0.6-2.5KgO2/h。
Furthermore, the biological bricks are directly suspended in the water body after the dosage is calculated according to the specific conditions of the water body when the biological bricks are installed, and 1Kg of biological bricks can act on 200 square water.
The invention has the following effects:
1. through the combined application of various water quality improvement technologies, the water-bottom-bank systematic environment optimization is carried out on the pre-pond, the natural construction and the gradual improvement of the ecological system of the clear water stable shallow lake are promoted, and the eutrophication of the pre-pond is prevented for a long time. After the rapid habitat improvement measures are applied in the early stage, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient salts are controlled through the adjustment in the early stage; after the water ecosystem is restored, the aquatic plants continue to act in the water environment system of the whole water-bottom-bank under the assistance of plants, the aquatic plants gradually grow to absorb a large amount of nutrient salts in the water body, and meanwhile, the fishes and the benthonic animals can also fix a part of nutrient salts and eat algae cells; all parts cooperate and benefit reciprocally to form a stable water ecological system. Under the condition that the quality of the water source of the inlet water is stable, special maintenance is not needed, and the eutrophication can be controlled for a long time.
2. In addition, the adopted single technologies also have the following advantages:
biological brick: has the characteristics of sustained bacterium release and long-acting biochemistry: the propagation of microorganisms in the biological bricks is a continuous process, so that the polluted water body can be in a long-acting biochemical recovery stage, pollutants can be better cleared up, and the self-cleaning capacity of the water body is recovered; simple to use, it is convenient to maintain: during installation, the water body is directly suspended in the water body after the consumption is calculated according to the specific conditions of the water body, and the water body is replaced periodically according to the effect.
A phosphorus locking agent: has the advantages of short reaction time, high phosphorus removal efficiency, no heavy metal pollution to water and the like; the formed precipitate has stable performance, does not release pollutants, and is an environment-friendly dephosphorization product.
Mycorrhizal fungi: the symbiont which is mutually beneficial and conditional with the plant increases the capability of the plant to resist the adverse environment and the absorption capability of the plant to nutrient substances (especially phosphorus), can synthesize bioactive substances, promotes the growth of the plant and improves the quality.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments.
The embodiment of the invention provides a long-acting control method for wetland pre-pond eutrophication, which comprises the following steps:
1. in the initial stage of ecological system construction, in order to rapidly improve the habitat, the following measures are firstly taken:
and hanging biological bricks in the water body of the front pond. The biological brick is a black waxy solid prepared by matching a microorganism concentrated solution with solid paraffin according to a certain proportion, and the size and the shape of the biological brick can be prepared according to actual requirements; can provide growth space for bacteria (bacillus and other heterotrophic bacteria) in millions of micro-pores on the surface, provide nutrients for the bacteria to grow rapidly, and degrade pollutants in water. When being installed, the biological bricks are directly suspended in the water body only by calculating the using amount according to the specific conditions of the water body, and the use amount is preferably close to the bottom of the water body; 1kg of biological bricks can act on about 200 square of water, and the using amount of the biological bricks can be properly increased for a highly polluted water body.
Adding a phosphorus locking agent into the water body of the front pond. The phosphorus locking agent is granular or powdery, and the main component is lanthanum modified bentonite; the action principle is as follows: active ingredients in the phosphorus locking agent react with phosphate radicals in the water body to generate chelate sediment with extremely low solubility, and the phosphate radicals in the water body can be quickly locked in the sinking process to cut off the nutrient source for the growth of algae; meanwhile, a layer of covering material (the thickness of the covering layer depends on the using amount) is formed at the bottom of the water body, and the covering material can play a role in fixing phosphorus released in the substrate, prevent the release of phosphorus nutrition in the substrate, promote the improvement of the water body substrate and inhibit endogenous pollution. The adding amount and the adding frequency of the phosphorus locking agent are determined according to the specific water quality, the adding amount is 50-200mg/L, and the adding frequency is 1-2 times per week; the adding mode of the phosphorus locking agent is as follows: after the phosphorus locking agent and water are mixed according to a certain proportion, a construction ship or integrated equipment is utilized to uniformly spray the phosphorus locking agent and the water in a target water body.
A circulating aeration device is applied to the water body of the front pond. The circulating aeration device is a solar fountain type aerator, which comprises a photovoltaic panel, a fountain system, an intelligent control system, a storage battery set (selected), a landscape lamp (selected), and the like, and the aeration capacity can reach 0.6-2.5KgO2H; the device is installed in a floating body mode, a special installation foundation is not needed, the position can be adjusted according to the requirement, and nylon ropes are generally needed to be simply pulled and fixed on the inserted rods, the wooden piles or the stones; the device has small volume, is not influenced by water level and is suitable for shallow water environment; the water purifier is provided with different types of spray heads, can spray various types of spray, and can play a good role in landscape while purifying water quality.
2. After the water ecosystem is quickly restored, in order to promote the natural construction and gradual improvement of the ecosystem, plants are systematically planted in the water, the bottom and the bank of the preposed pond:
water: arranging an ecological floating island in the water body of the front pond and planting emergent aquatic plants.
The ecological floating island is characterized in that emergent aquatic plants are cultivated on the water surface of a natural water area by utilizing a carrier, the nutrition of soil is not needed, the plant root system is utilized to absorb and adsorb eutrophic salt substances in water, the degradation of the eutrophic salt substances by microorganisms and the like, and meanwhile, the landscape effect is created. The ecological floating island carrier is made of high polymer materials and can adopt arc and rectangle, and the area of a single processing unit of the arc floating island is 4m2The area of a single processing unit of the rectangular floating island is 2m2Different sizes and shapes can be spliced according to actual requirements; the floating bed is installed in an anchoring mode, and the bottom of the floating bed is wrapped by nylon to prevent plants from sinking; the plants are common emergent aquatic plants which are selected according to local conditions and corresponding types according to local water quality, and the common plants comprise cattail, reed, canna, lotus, rush, water spinach, calamus, wild rice stem and the like.
Bottom: submerged plants are planted on the bottom material of the preposed pond and inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi in an auxiliary mode.
Submerged plants can absorb nitrogen and phosphorus, compete with algae for nutrient salts, and provide suitable habitats for benthonic animals and microorganisms. The submerged plants mainly comprise a combination of several species such as myriophyllum, goldfish algae, hydrilla verticillata and eel grass; the planting in the deep water area is relatively sparse, and the planting in the shallow water area is relatively dense. The planting should be carried out at a proper time, and under the condition of ensuring survival, the time with small transpiration or favorable for timely recovery of the root system should be selected, such as in rainy days with low temperature in summer or at the evening in sunny days; the planting process is compact, and the dehydration time of the submerged plants is reduced as much as possible. Meanwhile, mycorrhizal fungi are inoculated in the substrate, so that the structure of the substrate sludge is improved, the biomass of the root system of the submerged plant is increased, the survival rate of the aquatic plant is increased, and the absorption capacity of the plant on nutrient substances (particularly phosphorus) is enhanced.
Shore: emergent aquatic plants are planted on the side slope of the preposed pond and the shallow part of the waterfront to construct a waterfront buffer zone.
The choice of emergent aquatic plant is determined by local conditions, and can be selected from Typha angustifolia, Phragmites communis, canna indica, flos Nelumbinis, medulla Junci, caulis et folium Brassicae Junceae, rhizoma Acori Calami, caulis Zizaniae Caduciflorae, etc. The surface runoff speed is reduced through the waterfront buffer zone, the granular pollutants are filtered and intercepted, and the non-point source pollution load is reduced through plant absorption and soil adsorption of the dissolved pollutants; meanwhile, the overall landscapes of the preposed pond and the wetland system are also improved.
3. Engineering maintenance
Periodically cleaning plant residues and garbage floating on the water surface of the preposed pond; harvesting emergent aquatic plants growing on the ecological floating island regularly to take away nutrient salt, and supplementing the plants in dead areas; before the submerged plants are killed in winter, the plants are salvaged and transported away, so that secondary pollution to a water body caused by rotting of the plants is avoided.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the method and system of the present invention are not limited to the embodiments described in the detailed description, which is for the purpose of explanation and not limitation. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A wetland pre-pond eutrophication control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the water quality and the bottom material of the front pond are rapidly improved: in the initial stage of ecological system construction, biological bricks, a phosphorus locking agent and a circulating aeration device are applied to quickly improve the water quality and the substrate of the pre-pond;
(2) after the water ecosystem is quickly restored, plants are systematically planted in the water, the bottom and the bank of the preposed pond: arranging an ecological floating island and planting emergent aquatic plants in a water body of a front pond, planting submerged plants and assisting in inoculating mycorrhizal fungi on a substrate of the front pond, planting emergent aquatic plants on a side slope and a shallow part of the front pond, and constructing a waterfront buffer zone;
(3) gradually forming a clear water stable shallow lake ecosystem based on submerged plants by using the method in the step (2), and gradually reducing the number of quick improvement measures in the step (1);
(4) engineering maintenance: periodically cleaning plant residues and garbage floating on the water surface of the preposed pond; harvesting emergent aquatic plants growing on the ecological floating island regularly to take away nutrient salt, and supplementing the plants in dead areas; before the submerged plants are killed in winter, the plants are salvaged and transported away, so that secondary pollution to a water body caused by rotting of the plants is avoided.
2. The method for controlling the eutrophication of the pre-pond of the wetland according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the biological brick is prepared by matching a microorganism concentrated solution and solid paraffin according to a certain proportion.
3. The method for controlling the eutrophication of the pre-pond of the wetland according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the main component of the phosphorus locking agent is lanthanum modified bentonite.
4. The method for controlling the eutrophication of the pre-pond of the wetland according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the ecological floating island carrier is made of high polymer materials.
5. The method for controlling the eutrophication of the pre-pond of the wetland according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the ecological floating island carrier is arc-shaped or rectangular, and different sizes and shapes can be spliced according to actual requirements.
6. The method for controlling the eutrophication of the pre-pond of the wetland according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the emergent aquatic plant is selected from one or more of cattail, reed, canna, lotus, rush, water spinach, calamus and wild rice stem.
7. The method for controlling the eutrophication of the pre-pond of the wetland according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the submerged plant is selected from one or more of Foliumet tailer, Goldfish algae, hydrilla verticillata, and herba Swertiae Dilutae.
8. The method for controlling the eutrophication of the pre-pond wetland according to claim 1 or 3, which is characterized in that: the dosage of the phosphorus locking agent is 50-200mg/L, and the dosage frequency is 1-2 times per week.
9. The method for controlling the eutrophication of the pre-pond of the wetland according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the circulating aeration device is a solar fountain type aerator with the oxygenation capacity of 0.6-2.5KgO2/h。
10. The method for controlling the eutrophication of the pre-pond wetland according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: when being installed, the biological bricks are directly suspended in the water body after the dosage is calculated according to the specific conditions of the water body, and 1Kg of biological bricks can act on 200 square water.
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| CN112919639A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-08 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Multifunctional combined ecological floating bed |
| CN114275903A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-05 | 广东中微环保生物科技有限公司 | River sediment ecological restoration method |
| CN116253441A (en) * | 2023-03-31 | 2023-06-13 | 合肥市水务环境建设投资有限公司 | Multi-pond wetland submerged plant recovery method |
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