CN113526785A

CN113526785A - One-pond one-dam fresh water pond culture tail water treatment system

Info

Publication number: CN113526785A
Application number: CN202110623737.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李大鹏; 韩登峰; 汤蓉; 王建新; 宋建
Original assignee: Huazhong Agricultural University
Current assignee: Huazhong Agricultural University
Priority date: 2021-06-04
Filing date: 2021-06-04
Publication date: 2021-10-22

Abstract

The invention discloses a system for treating aquaculture tail water of a pond-dam fresh water pond, which belongs to the technical field of water quality treatment and comprises a treatment pond arranged between a pond and a wetland water cleaning pond; the treatment tank is sequentially divided into a settling zone, a biological purification zone and an aeration zone through a filter screen, the settling zone is communicated with the pond, a biological brush enriched with microorganisms is arranged in the biological purification zone, the biological brush is vertically arranged in the biological purification zone, the bottom of the aeration zone is provided with an aeration pipe, and a dam between the aeration zone and the wetland clean water tank is provided with a filter dam communicating the aeration zone with the wetland clean water tank; the sedimentation zone, the biological purification zone and the aeration zone are integrated in a treatment tank, the biological purification zone with the biological brush and the filter screen form a new filtering zone, the filtering dam is replaced, the filtering effect of the filtering dam and the biological purification effect are integrated, the occupied area and the construction cost of the tail water treatment system are greatly reduced, the benefit of aquaculture is guaranteed, and the consumption pressure of farmers is reduced.

Description

One-pond one-dam fresh water pond culture tail water treatment system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of water quality treatment, in particular to a system for treating aquaculture tail water in a pond-dam fresh water pond.

Background

During the aquaculture process, a large amount of toxic and harmful organic matters such as residual baits, excrement, biological corpses and the like and toxic and harmful inorganic matters such as ammonia nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, nitrous acid and the like can be accumulated in the pond. Therefore, the pond needs to discharge culture tail water periodically during the culture process so as to ensure the normal growth of aquatic products. However, the direct discharge of the culture tail water into the outer river can bring negative effects on the environment of the natural water area. Therefore, the prior aquaculture tail water treatment system firstly treats the aquaculture tail water and then discharges the treated tail water meeting the aquaculture standard, and the prior aquaculture tail water treatment system is commonly used as a tail water treatment system of three ponds, two dams and one wetland, namely three ponds (a sedimentation tank, an aeration tank and a biological purification tank), two filtering dams and one wetland clean water tank. Firstly, discharging tail water of the aquaculture pond to a sedimentation tank, so that suspended matters in the tail water are precipitated to the bottom of the pond; and then filtering the precipitated tail water through a filter dam and sending the tail water into an aeration tank, and aerating the aeration tank to increase dissolved oxygen in the water body and accelerate the decomposition of organic matters in the water body. And (3) further filtering the tail water after the aeration treatment by a filter dam, sending the tail water into a biological purification tank, and further accelerating the decomposition of organic matters in the water body by adding microbial agents such as bacillus and the like. And finally, delivering the tail water into a wetland clean water tank, absorbing and utilizing nitrogen and phosphorus substances in the water body through aquatic plants, and removing algae in the water body through filter feeding aquatic animals. However, the construction of the tail water treatment system of the three-pond two-dam one-wetland system needs to establish three independent ponds, and the three ponds can encroach on the culture area of the culture pond, so that the area of the culture area is relatively reduced, and the benefit of aquaculture is further influenced. Meanwhile, the area of the filter dam is large, so that the area of a culture area is further occupied, the material cost is high, and huge consumption pressure is brought to farmers.

Although the patent number is '201810025774.8', the name is 'a freshwater shrimp culture tail water treatment system', in order to save the occupied area of the tail water treatment system and reduce the material consumption, the filtering dam between the biological purification tank and the wet land cleaning tank is removed, and then the ditch in front of the sedimentation tank is changed into an ecological ditch for primary filtration to make up for the deficiency of the filtering dam. However, in the above technology, the three ponds are still three independent ponds, the occupied area is still large, only one filtering dam is removed, the reduction of the occupied area is limited in practice, the filtering effect of the ecological ditch is poor, and the final filtering effect is difficult to ensure.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a pond-dam fresh water pond culture tail water treatment system, wherein a sedimentation area, a biological purification area and an aeration area are integrated in a treatment pond, meanwhile, a new filtering area is formed by the biological purification area with a biological brush and filter screens arranged at two sides of the biological purification area, and the filtering effect and the biological purification effect of the filter dam are integrated into a whole to reduce the arrangement of the filter dam, so that the occupied area and the construction consumables of the tail water treatment system are greatly reduced, the sufficient culture area is ensured, and the cost pressure is reduced.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a pond-dam fresh water pond culture tail water treatment system, which comprises a treatment pond arranged between a pond and a wetland water cleaning pond; the processing pond divides settling zone, biological purification district and aeration zone into in proper order through the filter screen, the settling zone with the pond intercommunication, be equipped with the biological brush that the enrichment has the microorganism in the biological purification district, the biological brush sets up perpendicularly in the biological purification district, aeration zone bottom is equipped with the aeration pipe, the aeration zone with be equipped with on the dykes and dams between the wetland clean water pond with the aeration zone with the filtration dam of wetland clean water pond intercommunication.

Preferably, the length of the biological brush is 0.5-1 m, and the number of the biological brushes per m is 25²。

Preferably, the filtering dam comprises volcanic rock, shale and sand.

Preferably, the filtering dam is a hexahedron having a bottom surface area larger than a top surface area.

Preferably, a biological floating bed is arranged on the water surface of the wetland clean water tank, and filter-feeding fishes are put in the wetland clean water tank.

Preferably, the area of the biological floating bed is 5% -10% of the wetland clean water tank.

Preferably, the biological floating bed comprises a floating bed frame, a polyethylene rope nylon mesh is arranged on the floating bed frame, and hydroponic vegetables are planted on the polyethylene rope nylon mesh.

Preferably, the floating bed frame is made of PVC pipes.

Preferably, the filter-feeding fish is thrown under the water in the wetland clean water basin at a density of 200 fish/acre.

Preferably, the aeration pipe is a nano aeration pipe.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:

1. three ponds in the traditional tail water treatment system are integrated into one treatment tank, and a sedimentation area, a biological purification area and an aeration area in the treatment tank are separated by two filter screens. The filter screen is used for filtering large granule material, because biological purification district itself just can deposit particulate matter, and the biological brush of erectting in the biological purification district has very good adsorption simultaneously again, therefore the biological purification district can filter the tiny particle particulate matter for biological purification district and twice filter screen have made up into a new filtration region, can replace the filter dam to filter, and its filter effect still is superior to the filter dam. Meanwhile, the biological brush can gather microorganisms to form a microbial film, degrade harmful organic matters such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite, inorganic matters and the like, and can continuously and stably purify water, so that the newly formed filtering area also has the function of biological purification. Therefore, the biological purification area and the filter screen are actually combined with the filter dam and the biological purification tank in the traditional tail water treatment system, and then the filter dam can be removed and the three ponds can be combined into one treatment tank, so that the tail water in the sedimentation area, the biological purification area and the aeration area formed after combination can not be influenced mutually and the filtering effect can not be worried. Because the filter dam is removed and the three ponds are integrated in one treatment pond (the dams do not need to be enclosed between the ponds and the treatment pond), the occupied area of the tail water treatment system can be greatly reduced, the area of a culture area is ensured to be sufficient, the material consumption is reduced, and the huge consumption pressure brought to farmers is reduced.

2. All adopt the tail water to advance into the aeration tank among the traditional tail water processing system, the order of going into biological purification pond afterwards, then remove aerobic nitrogen organic matter, aerobic phosphorus organic matter in the tail water through aeration tank oxygenation, carry out the biodegradation through biological purification pond. However, the tail water is filled with a large amount of oxygen by aeration, so that only aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria can be put into the biological purification tank, and some harmful substances can be removed only by the anaerobic bacteria, so that the purification effect of the traditional tail water treatment system is poor. In the fresh water pond culture tail water treatment system with one pond and one dam, the biological purification area is arranged before the aeration area, and because the aeration area has no oxygen increasing effect, aerobic bacteria (such as nitrobacteria) and anaerobic bacteria (such as denitrifying bacteria) can be simultaneously put in the biological purification area, and an anaerobic area is formed at the bottom of the biological purification area to provide the growth of the denitrifying bacteria. And the tail water after the microbial purification is finished is sent into an aeration zone for aeration to remove the anoxic toxic and harmful substances.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a pond-dam fresh water pond aquaculture tail water treatment system;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a pond-dam fresh water pond aquaculture tail water treatment system;

fig. 3 is a schematic front view of a system for treating tail water from a pond-dam fresh water pond culture.

Description of reference numerals: 1. a settling zone; 2. a biological purification zone; 3. an aeration zone; 4. a biological brush; 5. a filter screen; 6. an aeration pipe; 7. filtering the dam; 8. a wet land clean water pool.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The embodiment provides a pond-dam fresh water pond culture tail water treatment system, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, including handling pond and filtering dam 7, handling pond and filtering dam 7 set gradually between pond and wetland clean water basin 8, tail water in the pond can regularly discharge tail water to the handling pond, after the tail water that handles in the handling pond carries out once filtering through filtering dam 7, can obtain the purified water that accords with pond culture standard, and the purified water can be stored in wetland clean water basin 8, supplies pond culture cyclic utilization. The processing pond divides settling zone 1, biological purification district 2 and aeration zone 3 into through twice filter screen 5, and settling zone 1 is through canal (pipe) way and pond intercommunication, and the breed tail water in the pond is through canal (pipe) way and collect to settling zone 1 in, and incomplete bait, fish excrement and urine and large granule suspended solid can deposit in settling zone 1. Then the tail water after the sediment can flow into biological purification district 2 through filter screen 5 in, filter screen 5 can be with interception such as incomplete bait, fish excrement and urine and large particle suspended solid in sedimentation zone 1, avoid the large particle suspended solid to follow a tail water through-flow and go into in biological purification district 2. Be equipped with biological brush 4 in the biological purification district 2, biological brush 4 sets up perpendicularly and constitutes the square matrix, after throwing into microorganism such as little ecological water quality modifier in biological purification district 2, nitrobacteria, denitrifying bacteria and bacillus, the microorganism can be attached to biological brush 4, and breed in a large number and gather together, a large amount of biological brush 4 can adsorb the tiny particle suspended solid in fish excrement and urine and the tail water on the one hand, on the other hand biological brush 4 and the microorganism in biological purification district 2 can purify substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, soluble active phosphorus in the water. The tail water after 2 processing in biological purification district filters through filter screen 5 once more, then lets in aeration zone 3 in, the bottom of aeration zone 3 is equipped with aeration pipe 6, and aeration pipe 6 can carry out the oxygenation to aeration zone 3, dissolves oxygen in a large number and can remove the aerobic nitrogen organic matter and the aerobic phosphorus organic matter in the tail water. The tail water after passing through the aeration zone continuously flows and flows through the filtering dam 7 for the last filtering to obtain purified water meeting the pond culture standard, and the tail water is filtered by the filtering dam 7 to complete the whole treatment of the tail water treatment system. The filtering dam 7 is arranged on a dam between the aeration zone 3 and the wetland clean water tank 8, so that the purified tail water flows into the wetland clean water tank 8 through the filtering dam 7 and is stored in the wetland clean water tank 8 for the pond culture and the cyclic utilization. The biological brush 4 is arranged, so that the biological purification area 2 plays a role of purifying organic matters in tail water and also plays a role of filtering, the biological purification area 2 and the filter screens 5 at two ends of the biological purification area act together, the filtering effect of the filter dam 7 can be replaced in the filtering effect, and meanwhile, the biological purification area also has the function of biological purification, and the filter dam 7 and the biological purification area 2 are ingeniously combined, so that the filter dam originally arranged between the sedimentation tank and the aeration tank in the traditional treatment system can be dismantled; meanwhile, the sedimentation zone 1, the biological purification zone 2 and the aeration zone 3 can be arranged in the same treatment tank at the same time, and the tail water in the sedimentation zone 1, the biological purification zone 2 and the aeration zone 3 is not influenced mutually.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the square matrix formed by the biological brushes 4 is located in the middle of the biological purification area 2, the length of the biological brushes 4 is 0.5-1 m, and the number of the biological brushes 4 is 25/m²And a large number of biological brushes 4 in the biological purification area 2 can further filter toxic and harmful inorganic substances such as fish excrement, particle suspended matters and the like, and can enrich a large number of microorganisms and purify toxic and harmful substances in water.

In this embodiment, the filtering dam 7 is built by a large amount of filtering materials such as volcanic rocks, shale and sand, and has a good filtering effect, so that the tail water treated in the aeration zone 3 is finally filtered, and the treated tail water is ensured to meet the pond culture standard.

Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the filtering dam 7 is a hexahedron having a bottom surface area larger than a top surface area. The tail water is treated before, the residual suspended matters and impurities are not much, large-area filtration is not needed, and the impurities and the suspended matters are concentrated at the lower part of the aeration zone 3. Therefore, the large-volume filtering dam 7 is not needed, and the tail water treated in the aeration area 3 can be filtered only by building the bottom of the filtering dam 7 slightly larger, so that the building material of the filtering dam 7 can be saved, and the construction cost can be reduced.

In this embodiment, a biological floating bed is provided on the water surface of the wet clean water tank 8, and filter-feeding fish are thrown under the water in the wet clean water tank 8. The biological floating bed can be vegetable floating bed or ornamental plant floating bed, the vegetable floating bed can be hollow cabbage, lettuce, water celery, leek and other water vegetables, and the ornamental plant can be canna and other water plants. The vegetables or ornamental plants can absorb elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body for growth, the elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body are fully utilized, the treated water quality can be further purified, and the vegetables or ornamental plants can also generate certain economic value. The filter feeding fishes can remove redundant algae and phytoplankton in the water and purify the wetland clean water tank 8.

Further, according to the comprehensive consideration of the growth demand, the purification effect and the economic value of the biological floating bed, in the embodiment, the area of the biological floating bed is 5-10% of the wetland clean water tank 8.

Further, in this embodiment, the biological floating bed is mainly composed of a floating bed frame and vegetables (ornamental plants), wherein the floating bed frame is provided with a polyethylene rope nylon net sheet, and the water-cultured vegetables are planted on the polyethylene rope nylon net sheet.

Further, in this embodiment, the frame of the floating bed is made of PVC pipes, and the PVC pipes are good in waterproofness and corrosion resistance, can be used for a long time, and can prolong the service life of the biological floating bed.

In order to ensure that the filter-feeding fishes have enough quantity to clear away the excessive algae and phytoplankton in the water and avoid the condition that the excessive quantity of the fishes is unfavorable for the healthy growth of the filter-feeding fishes, in the embodiment, the filter-feeding fishes are thrown under the water in the wetland clean water tank 8 at the density of 200 tails/mu.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the aeration pipe 6 is a nano aeration pipe, and the nano aeration pipe forms a rectangular frame. The aeration zone 3 is oxygenated through the aeration pipe 6, and the tail water can effectively remove ammonia Nitrogen (NH) in the tail water after the processes of oxidation, volatilization, decomposition and the like₄+ -N) and the like.

In the embodiment, a treatment tank with the length of 60m, the width of 20m and the depth of 1.8m is dug between the pond and the wetland clean water tank 8, the treatment tank is divided into three equal parts, namely left, middle and right, a settling zone 1, a biological purification zone 2 and an aeration zone 3 are sequentially divided, and filter screens 5 are arranged on the left side and the right side of the biological purification zone 2. A hexahedral filtering dam 7 with the bottom length of 5m, the width of 3m and the integral depth of 2m is built on the aeration zone 3 and the dam of the wetland clean water tank 8. The floating bed frame of the biological floating bed adopts a rectangular frame consisting of 75 PVC pipes with the length of 4m and the width of 2m, so that the area of the biological floating bed reaches 5-10 percent of the area of the wetland clean water tank 8. Through research and observation, the tail water treated by the system for treating the tail water of the fresh water pond culture in one pond and one dam is compared with the tail water which just enters the ditch, and the ammonia Nitrogen (NH) of the tail water₄The concentration of the (+) is reduced from 1.69Mg/L to 0.16Mg/L, Nitrite (NO)₂-) concentration decreased from 0.32Mg/L to 0.03Mg/L, nitrate Nitrogen (NO)₃-) from 1.93Mg/L to 1.32Mg/L, Total Nitrogen (TN) from 18.54Mg/L to 13.11Mg/L, and Total Phosphorus (TP) from 0.89Mg/L to 0.11 Mg/L. The water quality purification effect is obvious, and the purified tail water completely meets the requirements of pond culture.

The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims

1. The system for treating the tail water of the fresh water pond culture in one pond and one dam is characterized by comprising a treatment pond arranged between a pond and a wetland water cleaning pond; the processing pond divides settling zone, biological purification district and aeration zone into in proper order through the filter screen, the settling zone with the pond intercommunication, be equipped with the biological brush that the enrichment has the microorganism in the biological purification district, the biological brush sets up perpendicularly in the biological purification district, aeration zone bottom is equipped with the aeration pipe, the aeration zone with be equipped with on the dykes and dams between the wetland clean water pond with the aeration zone with the filtration dam of wetland clean water pond intercommunication.

2. The system for treating tail water generated in aquaculture of fresh water ponds with one pond and one dam as claimed in claim 1, wherein the length of the biological brushes is 0.5-1 m, and the number of the biological brushes per unit area is 25/m²。

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the filter dam comprises volcanic rock, shale, and sand.

4. The system for treating tail water of fresh water pond culture according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the filtering dam is a hexahedron having a bottom surface area larger than a top surface area.

5. The system for treating the tail water generated in the aquaculture of the one-pond one-dam fresh water pond according to claim 1, wherein a biological floating bed is arranged on the water surface of the wetland clean water pond, and filter-feeding fish are thrown in the wetland clean water pond under water.

6. The system for treating the tail water generated in the aquaculture of the fresh water pond with the one pond and the one dam as claimed in claim 5, wherein the area of the biological floating bed is 5-10% of that of the clean water pond with the wetland.

7. The system for treating the tail water of the fresh water pond culture in the one pond and one dam as claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein the biological floating bed comprises a floating bed frame, a polyethylene rope nylon net sheet is arranged on the floating bed frame, and hydroponic vegetables are planted on the polyethylene rope nylon net sheet.

8. The system for treating the tail water of the freshwater pond culture according to claim 7, wherein the floating bed frame is made of PVC pipes.

9. The system of claim 5, wherein the filter-feeding fish are thrown under the water in the wetland clean water pond at a density of 200 fish/acre.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein the aeration pipe is a nano aeration pipe.