CN105478464A - Method for removing heavy metal in bottom mud - Google Patents

Method for removing heavy metal in bottom mud Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105478464A
CN105478464A CN201610050778.2A CN201610050778A CN105478464A CN 105478464 A CN105478464 A CN 105478464A CN 201610050778 A CN201610050778 A CN 201610050778A CN 105478464 A CN105478464 A CN 105478464A
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China
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bed mud
heavy metal
zeolite powder
winter wheat
passivation
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缪爱军
臧晓梅
郑浩
樊宝洪
杨柳燕
张莉
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Fishery Technology Popularization Center Of Jiangsu Province
Nanjing University
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Fishery Technology Popularization Center Of Jiangsu Province
Nanjing University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
    • B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C2101/00—In situ

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for removing heavy metal in bottom mud. The bottom mud is passivated through zeolite powder and subjected to phytoremediation through winter wheat, so that heavy metal in the bottom mud is passivated and enriched, the ability of the bottom mud for transferring heavy metal into water is reduced, the water quality is improved, the content of heavy metal in cultivated fishes, shrimps and crabs is reduced, and the aquatic product safety is improved. Compared with the prior art, the method is easy to operate, good in passivation effect and environmentally friendly and has the important social, economic and ecological benefits, and the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain.

Description

A kind of method removing heavy metal in bed mud
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of environment engineering technology, be specifically related to a kind of method removing heavy metal in bed mud.
Background technology
Heavy metal is that a class has the pollutant of high risks to environment, and it generally can not be biodegradable, but often can participate in food chain circulation and final enrichment in vivo, is detrimental to health.Co-ordination complex can be generated with the various organic polymers, anion etc. in water body after heavy metal enters water body, these complex compounds can be adsorbed on mineral and organic matter, finally enter bed mud, and enrichment wherein, heavy metal keeps certain dynamic equilibrium in aqueous phase simultaneously, affects the self-purification capacity of water body, when the environmental condition of surrounding changes, in bed mud can there is conversion and be discharged in water body in the form of heavy metal, causes secondary pollution.Heavy metal in bed mud has an impact to aquatile mainly through non-immediate and direct two kinds of approach.In non-immediate approach, heavy metal in deposit enters in pore water by the dynamic equilibrium between each phase, heavy metal in pore water enters into overlying water by processes such as diffusions again, free molecule wherein in heavy metal and simple complex ion directly can be absorbed by organism, there is various physiological change in vivo, work the mischief at aquatile cylinder accumulation.Direct way refers to benthonic invertebrates directly edible deposit, and by food chain to enrichment in fish body. no matter be direct way or non-immediate approach, finally all can pass through food chain harmful to human.
Nearest investigation display, in China's waters bed mud, the content of Cu fluctuates at the content of 0.2-600mg/kg, As at the content of 17-400mg/kg, Pb between 3-20mg/kg.Along with industrial development, in bed mud, the pollution of Cu, Pb, As is day by day serious.Heavy metal in bed mud, except residual form other form all likely property reenter in water body, organism and produce toxic action.
Cu is one of required trace element of body, can destroy protein structure when copper content reaches l00mg/kg, makes microprotein sex change and dead.Can make when Cu in soil excessive that plant growth slows down, output reduces, and affects the content of other nutrients in plant.When Cu in water is excessive, some algae will be had a strong impact on, and major part is dead, causes the destruction of some low forms of life, thus causes the mortality of fish, even the death of some responsive fish.Copper tolerance limit (GB15199-94) regulation in China's meat product, copper content is no more than 10mg/kg.It is reported that the meat product that people eats containing high Cu content can cause causing Cu accumulation in the tissue such as liver, brain, kidney of human body, increase the level of free radical in body, change lipid metabolism, cause atherosclerotic and accelerate the aging and dead of cell.
Pb is the non-degradable pollutant with " three cause effect ", and its excess existence can have a strong impact on biological life quality, and such as Pb can change photosynthetic electron transfer process, is suppressed chloroplaset and chlorophyllous photosynthetic activity by the synthesis of destructive enzyme; Pb pollutes can change the protozoic advantage group of bed mud and sociales; In addition, Pb can enter in the bodies such as fish, crab, shrimp along with food chain amplification etc., finally affects human health.In recent years, to be polluted by Pb and the human health problems such as lead encephalopathy, eilema, polyneuritis, hemolytic anemia frequently existing report that Food Quality Safety causes.
Content should lower than being 0.1mg/kg in China's regulation fishery water for As, and in Sediments, preserved a large amount of As, As can be enriched in aquatic products by food chain amplification, these aquatic products are eaten by human body can make a certain amount of arsenic of human intake, and wherein most of arsenic can be discharged by urine by kidney very soon.If but because of nature or human factor, when human body absorption arsenic compound amount exceedes self excretion, accumulation can be produced in the tissue, cause acute or arsenicalism, thus produce occurrence situation to health.Therefore the present situation of serious heavy metal pollution is subject to for China's bed mud in river, how effectively to reduce in bed mud the heavy metal pollutions such as Pb, As, Cu extremely urgent, adopt the heavy metal in suitable recovery technique passivation bed mud simultaneously, regulate it in the migratory behaviour of the systems such as bed mud-fish crab shrimp, have important practical significance and scientific value.
4 kinds of methods such as Present Domestic is outer mainly contains fixation in situ to the reparation of Mixing Coefficient in Rectangular Channels, in-situ treatment, dystopy are fixed, dystopy process.Fixation in situ or process refer to not Dredged bed mud and directly adopt solidification or the means such as biodegradation to eliminate the behavior of the pollutant in bed mud; Dystopy process or fixing be then by row relax again after Sediment Dredging, eliminate its harm to water body.The final purpose of heavy metal polluted bed mud reparation ensures that Safety of Aquatic Products is produced, reduce simultaneously the volatilization of pollutant, under the chemical effect such as to ooze, avoid it to the potential murder by poisoning of other ring layer biologies.Consider from this angle, reduce the migration performance of heavy metal in bed mud, a kind of easy, feasible recovery technique of can yet be regarded as.
Passivation refers to that heavy metal in soil is through passivator and soil self-acting, carries out eremacausis or complex reaction, its exchangeable species content is reduced, and then alleviates crop to the physical and chemical processes of its absorption intensity.At present, the material that can be used as heavy metal deactivator has natural zeolite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, ground phosphate rock, quick lime etc.But for all reasonable usage criterias of neither one such as application quantity and application process of zeolite powder.The heavy metal difficulty removed or reduce in bed mud is higher, we can enter water body and set about by the approach such as microorganism, animals and plants by heavy metal from bed mud, the heavy metal in bed mud is fixed into can not state in bioavailable, migration water inlet body to reach the effect of reparation.Utilize a certain amount of zeolite powder that Cu, Pb, As passivation in bed mud is become water insoluble, can not by difficult states be utilized such as complexings.Zeolite powder surface porosity porous, has very strong adsorptivity, can adsorb a large amount of noxious materials (as NH 3, NH 4+, CO 2, H 2s etc.), simultaneously can also passivation various heavy.Regular zeolite powder of splashing in breeding water body, can also play the effect of deammoniation oxygenation, can increase the content of water body medium trace element simultaneously, reach Optimal culture ecological environment, promotes the effect that aquatic animal grows.Therefore zeolite powder is applied to passivation Cu, Pb, As in bed mud, the environment of the ecology of bed mud can be improved, greatly promote aquaculture.
The phytoremediation of heavy metal pollution refers to certain specific plant species on the soil of heavy metal pollution, Plants has special absorption and adsorption capacity to the toxic heavy metal in soil, after plantation a period of time by plant harvest and after carrying out dealing carefully with (as ashing is reclaimed), heavy-metal movement can be gone out the soil body, reach the object of Heavy Metal Pollution Control and restoration of the ecosystem.The main mechanism utilizing phytoremediation to administer heavy metal pollution of soil of current understanding has following three aspects: one is the form that the ecological condition utilizing plant rhizosphere special changes heavy metal in soil existence, makes it fix; Two is by chemical processes such as oxidation, reduction, precipitations, reduces heavy metal animal migration in soil, reduces the biological absorbable utilization rate of heavy metal; Three is utilize the distinctive ability utilizing pollutant, conversion pollutant to accumulate heavy metal of plant itself, usually mainly refers to super enriching plant or hyperaccumulative plant.Plant can absorb water-soluble state in soil, exchangeable species, carbonate in conjunction with the heavy metal of state, utilizes this characteristic of plant can reduce the heavy metal of non-residual form in bed mud.The plant of Heavy Metal Tolerance can select lawn grass, bank protection bank protection grass etc., both can complete the recycling of contaminated soil, pollutant can be avoided again to be transmitted by food chain, so have important theory significance and practical value.
When putting on Cu, Pb, the As in bed mud at the bottom of the pool in passivation bed mud with zeolite powder, the physicochemical property of bed mud may be changed, so need plantation winter wheat grass as the phase buffer before aquaculture product, the winter wheat grass of simultaneously planting still can be in Cu, Pb, As of unstationary state by a flourishing root system Systemic absorption enrichment part, further heavy metal in bed mud at the bottom of the pool is converted into the residual form that can not reenter food chain circulation, thus optimize the quality of aquatic products, ensure that aquatic products food security.Because the fishing off season of culture pond is in autumn and winter season, temperature is lower, and various plants upgrowth situation is not good, and winter wheat grass is because belong to cold resistance plant, and growth conditions requires low, is convenient to the phytoremediation that the advantages such as plantation are applied to mud at the bottom of the pool.Autumn and winter season, the water yield in culture pond can significantly reduce, and is repaired by the method, and method is simple, and repairing effect is high, the content of non-residual form heavy metal in culture pond bed mud can be made greatly to reduce by several reparation taken turns.Zeolite powder-winter wheat grass is applied to the research of Cu, Pb, the As reducing non-residual form in bed mud, has not yet to see report.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of method removing heavy metal in bed mud, to solve problem heavy metal in bed mud being reduced to poor effect that prior art exists.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
Remove a method for heavy metal in bed mud, it comprises the steps:
(1) water in culture pond is found time, remove the foreign material such as the pasture and water at the bottom of the pool, zeolite powder is evenly spread bed mud surface, and by machinery or manual method, zeolite powder and bed mud are fully mixed, carry out passivation;
(2) bed mud plantation winter wheat grass at the bottom of the pool after passivation, to water-filling in the pool after 30 ~ 45 days, recovers normally to use.
Wherein, described culture pond is the freshwater aquiculture pool.
Wherein, described bed mud is for being freshwater aquiculture pool bed mud.
Wherein, the heavy metal in described bed mud comprises the As of the Cu of non-residual form, the Pb of non-residual form and non-residual form.
In step (1), the preparation method of described zeolite powder is: pulverized by clinoptilolite and sieve, to obtain final product.
In step (1), in often liter of bed mud, use the zeolite powder of 0.5 ~ 60g; Wherein, the zeolite powder of 0.5 ~ 50g is preferably used in often liter of bed mud; Further use 50g zeolite powder in preferred often liter of bed mud.
In step (1), after applying zeolite powder stirring, the pH value of bed mud is 5 ~ 9, moisture content 92 ~ 98%.
If the PH after stirring in bed mud, not in the scope of 5 ~ 9, can be regulated by the mode of spilling quick lime; If when after stirring, bed mud moisture content is too high or too low, the mode of being tanned by the sun by watering or the sun adjusts moisture content.
In step (1), passivation time is 30 ~ 45 days, and during passivation, bed mud temperature is 0 ~ 35 DEG C; Wherein, during passivation, stirred a bed mud every 15 days.
In step (2), the planting patterns of plantation winter wheat grass is for laying winter wheat carelessly skin, and not timing is sprinkled water, and ensures winter wheat grass normal growth.
In step (2), the winter wheat grass of plantation is winter wheat grass seedling; During plantation, the biomass of winter wheat grass is 0.5 ~ 5kg/m 2.
Wherein, winter wheat grass starter biomass by change lay winter wheat carelessly skin quantity or regulate winter wheat carelessly on skin the density of winter wheat grass regulate.Carry out by changing winter wheat grass starter biomass on every square area the biomass that in regulating plant repair process, winter wheat grass increases, thus regulate the enriching quantity of winter wheat grass heavy metal of body in biological prosthetic process.By the winter wheat carelessly laying area of skin and the starter biomass of the every block turf of winter wheat grass, control the starter biomass of winter wheat grass on every square area.
Beneficial effect:
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
1, to the various metals in bed mud, there is reasonable repair ability, the reparation with the Sediments polluted by various heavy can be utilized;
2, zeolite powder is to the good passivation effect of Cu, As, Pb in bed mud, the highlyest water-soluble state Cu in the passivation freshwater aquiculture pool, As, Pb can be respectively 55.9%, 46.9%, 99.9%, exchangeable species Cu, As, Pb are respectively 36.3%, 4.8%, 22.7%, carbonate is respectively 35.5%, 15.1%, 25.6% in conjunction with state Cu, As, Pb, and sulfuration states of matter Cu, As are respectively 20.0%, 23.7%;
3, after zeolite powder passivation, Cu, As, Pb of non-residual form in winter wheat grass enrichment bed mud is utilized, can enriched metal while regulating bed mud environment, after the reparation of 30d, the highest can the Cu of non-residual form of enrichment 17.0%, the As of the non-residual form of 5.4%, the Pb of the non-residual form of 18.8%;
4, chemical redemption combines with phytoremediation, chemistry and phytoremediation shortcoming are separately relaxed, combine two kinds of advantages of repairing, maintain the ecological environment of bed mud at the bottom of the pool reduce the content of non-residual form heavy metal at chemical redemption while, ensure that aquaculture quality;
5, with low cost, easy and simple to handle, practical, security is good, be easy to promote, bed mud medium trace element can be increased while passivation Cu, Pb, As, adsorb harmful components, improve soil physico-chemical property.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the plantation schematic diagram of the preferred winter wheat grass of embodiment; Wherein, a, b, c, d are respectively four kinds of different forms.
Fig. 2 is that winter wheat swath establishes schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
According to following embodiment, the present invention may be better understood.But those skilled in the art will readily understand, the content described by embodiment only for illustration of the present invention, and should can not limit the present invention described in detail in claims yet.
Embodiment 1
The method of non-residual form Cu, Pb, As in bed mud repaired by independent winter wheat grass, comprises the following steps:
The first step, finds time the water in culture pond, pulls out the foreign material such as the pasture and water at the bottom of the pool;
Second step, bed mud at the bottom of the pool is planted last layer winter wheat grass, the biomass of winter wheat grass is 0.6kg/m 2, plantation 30d, carries out water-filling by culture pond after enrichment terminates.
Recording initial winter wheat grass biomass is 0.6kg/m 2, as shown in Figure 1 d, after culture pond bed mud 30d repaired separately by winter wheat grass, Cu, Pb, As are except residual form, reduce situation as shown in table 1 for plantation schematic diagram.
Table 1 winter wheat grass starter biomass is 0.6kg/m 2time, after repairing separately, Cu, Pb, As reduce overview
In the present embodiment and subsequent embodiment and comparative example, the passivation effect of Cu, Pb, As is with before and after passivation reaction, and water-soluble state, exchangeable species, carbonate are in conjunction with the Cu of state, sulfuration states of matter, and Pb, As content decline percentage represents.
Embodiment 2
The method of non-residual form Cu, Pb, As in bed mud repaired by independent winter wheat grass, comprises the following steps:
The first step, finds time the water in culture pond, pulls out the foreign material such as the pasture and water at the bottom of the pool;
Second step, bed mud at the bottom of the pool is planted last layer winter wheat grass, the biomass of winter wheat grass is 2.0kg/m 2, plantation 30d, carries out water-filling by culture pond after enrichment terminates.
Recording initial winter wheat grass biomass is 2.0kg/m 2, plantation schematic diagram is as shown in Fig. 1 b or Fig. 1 c, and after culture pond bed mud 30d repaired separately by winter wheat grass, Cu, Pb, As are except residual form, reduce situation as shown in table 2.
Table 2 winter wheat grass starter biomass is 2.0kg/m 2time, after repairing separately, Cu, Pb, As reduce overview
Embodiment 3
The method of non-residual form Cu, Pb, As in bed mud repaired by independent winter wheat grass, comprises the following steps:
The first step, finds time the water in culture pond, pulls out the foreign material such as the pasture and water at the bottom of the pool;
Second step, bed mud at the bottom of the pool is planted last layer winter wheat grass, the biomass of winter wheat grass is 4.2kg/m 2, plantation 30d, carries out water-filling by culture pond after enrichment terminates.
Recording initial winter wheat grass biomass is 4.2kg/m 2, as shown in Figure 1a, after culture pond bed mud 30d repaired separately by winter wheat grass, Cu, Pb, As are except residual form, reduce situation as shown in table 3 for plantation schematic diagram.
Table 3 winter wheat grass starter biomass is 4.2kg/m 2time, after repairing separately, Cu, Pb, As reduce overview
Embodiment 4
Zeolite powder-winter wheat grass reduces the method for non-residual form Cu, Pb, As in bed mud, comprises the following steps:
The first step, finds time the water in culture pond, pulls out the foreign material such as the pasture and water at the bottom of the pool, measures the area of culture pond, so that the consumption of estimation zeolite powder;
Second step, the amount often rising bed mud according to 0.5g zeolite powder is evenly spread across bed mud surface, the degree of depth of the area * culture pond bed mud of the amount=culture pond of bed mud, bed mud pH value 5 ~ 9, moisture content 92% ~ 98%;
3rd step, utilizes machinery or artificial method the zeolite powder and bed mud that are sprinkled upon bed mud surface fully to be stirred evenly, and ensures that zeolite powder fully contacts with the heavy metal in bed mud;
4th step, stirs once every 15d, passivation time 60d, passivation temperature 0 ~ 35 DEG C;
5th step, bed mud at the bottom of with the pool after zeolite powder passivation is planted last layer winter wheat grass after passivation terminates, the biomass of winter wheat grass is 0.6kg/m 2, as shown in Figure 1 d, plantation 30d, carries out water-filling by culture pond after enrichment terminates to plantation schematic diagram.
After recording bed mud interpolation zeolite powder at the bottom of the pool, Cu, Pb, As are except residual form, and it is as shown in table 4 that each form reduces situation:
When table 4 zeolite powder addition is 0.5g/L mud, in mud at the bottom of the pool, each form of Cu, Pb, As reduces overview
Form Cu As Pb
Water-soluble state 34.8％ 26.9％ 99.9％
Exchangeable species 32.0％ 3.2％ 11.8％
Carbonate is in conjunction with state 4.1％ 3.8％ 14.5％
Sulfuration states of matter 9.0％ 10.8％ ---
After zeolite powder is repaired, then carry out the reparation of winter wheat grass, when winter wheat grass starter biomass is 0.6kg/m 2time, after 30d repairs, Cu, Pb, As are except residual form, reduce situation as shown in table 5:
After table 5 zeolite powder is repaired, winter wheat grass starter biomass is 0.6kg/m 2time, Cu, Pb, As reduce overview
Embodiment 5
Zeolite powder-winter wheat grass reduces the method for non-residual form Cu, Pb, As in bed mud, comprises the following steps:
The first step, finds time the water in culture pond, pulls out the foreign material such as the pasture and water at the bottom of the pool, measures the area of culture pond, so that the consumption of estimation zeolite powder;
Second step, the amount often rising bed mud according to 5g zeolite powder is evenly spread across bed mud surface, the degree of depth of the area * culture pond bed mud of the amount=culture pond of bed mud, bed mud pH value 5 ~ 9, moisture content 92% ~ 98%;
3rd step, utilizes machinery or artificial method the zeolite powder and bed mud that are sprinkled upon bed mud surface fully to be stirred evenly, and ensures that zeolite powder fully contacts with the heavy metal in bed mud;
4th step, stirs once every 15d, passivation time 60d, passivation temperature 0 ~ 35 DEG C;
5th step, bed mud at the bottom of with the pool after zeolite powder passivation is planted last layer winter wheat grass after passivation terminates, the biomass of winter wheat grass is 2.0kg/m 2, plantation schematic diagram is as shown in Fig. 1 b or Fig. 1 c, and plantation 30d, carries out water-filling by culture pond after enrichment terminates.
After recording bed mud interpolation zeolite powder at the bottom of the pool, Cu, Pb, As are except residual form, and it is as shown in table 6 that each form reduces situation:
When table 6 zeolite powder addition is 5g/L mud, in mud at the bottom of the pool, each form of Cu, Pb, As reduces overview
Form Cu As Pb
Water-soluble state 39.9％ 45.3％ 99.9％
Exchangeable species 32.1％ 4.1％ 13.5％
Carbonate is in conjunction with state 23.9％ 14.0％ 18.0％
Sulfuration states of matter 16.4％ 11.0％ ---
After zeolite powder is repaired, then carry out the reparation of winter wheat grass, when winter wheat grass starter biomass is 2.0kg/m 2time, after 30d repairs, Cu, Pb, As are except residual form, reduce situation as shown in table 7:
After table 7 zeolite powder is repaired, winter wheat grass starter biomass is 2.0kg/m 2time, Cu, Pb, As reduce overview
Embodiment 6
Zeolite powder-winter wheat grass reduces the method for non-residual form Cu, Pb, As in bed mud, comprises the following steps:
The first step, finds time the water in culture pond, pulls out the foreign material such as the pasture and water at the bottom of the pool, measures the area of culture pond, so that the consumption of estimation zeolite powder;
Second step, the amount often rising bed mud according to 50g zeolite powder is evenly spread across bed mud surface, the degree of depth of the area * culture pond bed mud of the amount=culture pond of bed mud, bed mud pH value 5 ~ 9, moisture content 92% ~ 98%;
3rd step, utilizes machinery or artificial method the zeolite powder and bed mud that are sprinkled upon bed mud surface fully to be stirred evenly, and ensures that zeolite powder fully contacts with the heavy metal in bed mud;
4th step, stirs once every 15d, passivation time 60d, passivation temperature 0 ~ 35 DEG C;
5th step, bed mud at the bottom of with the pool after zeolite powder passivation is planted last layer winter wheat grass after passivation terminates, the biomass of winter wheat grass is 4.2kg/m 2, as shown in Figure 1a, plantation 30d, carries out water-filling by culture pond after enrichment terminates to plantation schematic diagram.
After recording bed mud interpolation zeolite powder at the bottom of the pool, Cu, Pb, As are except residual form, and it is as shown in table 8 that each form reduces situation:
When table 8 zeolite powder addition is 50g/L mud, in mud at the bottom of the pool, each form of Cu, Pb, As reduces overview
Form Cu As Pb
Water-soluble state 55.9％ 46.9％ 99.9％
Exchangeable species 36.3％ 4.8％ 22.7％
Carbonate is in conjunction with state 35.5％ 15.1％ 25.6％
Sulfuration states of matter 20.0％ 23.7％ ---
After zeolite powder is repaired, then carry out the reparation of winter wheat grass, when winter wheat grass starter biomass is 4.2kg/m 2time, after 30d repairs, Cu, Pb, As are except residual form, reduce situation as shown in table 9:
After table 9 zeolite powder is repaired, winter wheat grass starter biomass is 4.2kg/m 2time, Cu, Pb, As reduce overview
Contrast table 1 and 5,2 and 7,3 and 9 find have zeolite powder repair process and by winter wheat grass repair condition under, the Cu of identical starter biomass winter wheat grass to non-residual form, Pb, the enriching quantity of As is apparently higher than first not repairing the Cu for non-residual form through zeolite powder reparation independent winter wheat grass, the enriching quantity of Pb, As.Zeolite powder is when removing the heavy metal of non-residual form simultaneously, and provide the multiple micro-element for plant growth, facilitate the growth of winter wheat grass, this enables the more non-residual form heavy metal of winter wheat grass enrichment.
Embodiment 7
Utilize the method for Cu, Pb, As in zeolite powder passivation bed mud in laboratory, comprise the following steps:
The first step, takes bed mud bottom culture pond, and taking the degree of depth is >30cm, stirs, and gets bed mud at the bottom of 20ml culture pond and is placed in 50ml beaker;
Second step, gets 0.01g zeolite powder and is spread across in 20ml bed mud, fully stir evenly, and ensures that zeolite powder fully contacts with the heavy metal in bed mud, bed mud pH value 5 ~ 9, moisture content 92% ~ 98%;
3rd step, at beaker mouth, covers one deck preservative film, prevents the moisture in bed mud from volatilizing in a large number, affect experiment effect;
4th step, stirs once every 15d, passivation time 30d, passivation temperature 0 ~ 35 DEG C
Record bed mud Cu in beaker, Pb, As except residual form, it is as shown in table 10 that each form reduces situation:
When table 10 zeolite powder addition is 0.01g/20ml mud, in mud at the bottom of the pool, Cu, Pb, As reduce overview
Form Cu As Pb
Water-soluble state 25.5％ 8.3％ 2.3％
Exchangeable species 30.1％ 1.5％ 10.0％
Carbonate is in conjunction with state 5.5％ 15.4％ 9.0％
Sulfuration states of matter 4.1％ 10.1％ ---
There are differences with field repair condition because laboratory is repaired, in laboratory, the residing condition such as temperature, humidity of zeolite powder reparation of bed mud is comparatively stable, and the impact that outdoor reparation is subject to various factors cause these two kinds of repairing conditions under result not identical, but zeolite powder Different adding amount makes the Cu of different shape, it is roughly the same that Pb, As reduce situation.
Embodiment 8
Utilize the method for Cu, Pb, As in zeolite powder passivation bed mud in laboratory, comprise the following steps:
The first step, takes bed mud bottom culture pond, and taking the degree of depth is >30cm, stirs, and gets bed mud at the bottom of 20ml culture pond and is placed in 50ml beaker;
Second step, gets 0.1g zeolite powder and is spread across in 20ml bed mud, fully stir evenly, and ensures that zeolite powder fully contacts with the heavy metal in bed mud, bed mud pH value 5 ~ 9, moisture content 92% ~ 98%;
3rd step, at beaker mouth, covers one deck preservative film, prevents the moisture in bed mud from volatilizing in a large number, affect experiment effect;
4th step, stirs once every 15d, passivation time 30d, passivation temperature 0 ~ 35 DEG C
Record bed mud Cu in beaker, Pb, As except residual form, it is as shown in table 11 that each form reduces situation:
When table 11 zeolite powder addition is 0.1g/20ml mud, in mud at the bottom of the pool, Cu, Pb, As reduce overview
Embodiment 9
Utilize the method for Cu, Pb, As in zeolite powder passivation bed mud in laboratory, comprise the following steps:
The first step, takes bed mud bottom culture pond, and taking the degree of depth is >30cm, stirs, and gets bed mud at the bottom of 20ml culture pond and is placed in 50ml beaker;
Second step, gets 1g zeolite powder and is spread across in 20ml bed mud, fully stir evenly, and ensures that zeolite powder fully contacts with the heavy metal in bed mud, bed mud pH value 5 ~ 9, moisture content 92% ~ 98%;
3rd step, at beaker mouth, covers one deck preservative film, prevents the moisture in bed mud from volatilizing in a large number, affect experiment effect;
4th step, stirs once every 15d, passivation time 30d, passivation temperature 0 ~ 35 DEG C
Record bed mud Cu in beaker, Pb, As except residual form, it is as shown in table 12 that each form reduces situation:
When table 12 zeolite powder addition is 1g/20ml mud, in mud at the bottom of the pool, Cu, Pb, As reduce overview
Form Cu As Pb
Water-soluble state 25.6％ 44.0％ 10.7％
Exchangeable species 35.7％ 35.3％ 26.6％
Carbonate is in conjunction with state 32.7％ 47.8％ 19.1％
Sulfuration states of matter 24.2％ 24.6％ ---
Principle of the present invention is:
In bed mud at the bottom of the pool, Cu, Pb, As mainly contain water-soluble state, exchangeable species, carbonate in conjunction with existing forms such as state, sulfide and residual forms, and the Forms Transformation process of Cu, Pb, As is by environment condition control such as soil acidity or alkalinity, oxidation-reduction potential, the contents of organic matter.
Zeolite powder is a kind of silicate mineral of alkaline including earth metal, containing crystalline water molecules.After zeolite powder loses the crystallization water, surface porosity porous, is equivalent to the cavernous body of porous, has very strong adsorptivity, can adsorb a large amount of noxious materials (as NH 3, NH 4+, CO 2, H 2s etc.), simultaneously can also passivation various heavy.Regular zeolite powder of splashing in breeding water body, can play the effect of deammoniation oxygenation, can increase the content of water body medium trace element simultaneously, reach Optimal culture ecological environment, promotes the effect that aquatic animal grows.Simultaneously zeolite powder has extremely strong cation adsorbing capabilities and is widely used in soil improvement.Therefore zeolite powder is applied to passivation Cu, Pb, As in bed mud, improves the environment of the ecology of bed mud, promote aquaculture.
The phytoremediation of heavy metal pollution refers to certain specific plant species on the soil of heavy metal pollution, Plants has special absorption and adsorption capacity to the toxic heavy metal in soil, after plantation a period of time by plant harvest and after carrying out dealing carefully with (as ashing is reclaimed), heavy-metal movement can be gone out the soil body, reach the object of Heavy Metal Pollution Control and restoration of the ecosystem.The main mechanism utilizing phytoremediation to administer heavy metal pollution of soil of current understanding has following three aspects: one is the form that the ecological condition utilizing plant rhizosphere special changes heavy metal in soil existence, makes it fix; Two is by chemical processes such as oxidation, reduction, precipitations, reduces heavy metal animal migration in soil, reduces the biological absorbable utilization rate of heavy metal; Three is utilize the distinctive ability utilizing pollutant, conversion pollutant to accumulate heavy metal of plant itself, usually mainly refers to super enriching plant or hyperaccumulative plant.Plant can absorb water-soluble state in soil, exchangeable species, carbonate in conjunction with the heavy metal of state, utilizes this characteristic of plant can reduce the heavy metal of non-residual form in bed mud.The plant of Heavy Metal Tolerance can select lawn grass, bank protection bank protection grass etc., both can complete the recycling of contaminated soil, pollutant can be avoided again to be transmitted by food chain, so have important theory significance and practical value.。
When putting on Cu, Pb, the As in bed mud at the bottom of the pool in passivation bed mud with zeolite powder, the physicochemical property of bed mud may be changed, so need plantation winter wheat grass as the phase buffer before aquaculture product, the winter wheat grass of simultaneously planting still can be in Cu, Pb, As of unstationary state by a flourishing root system Systemic absorption enrichment part, the content of heavy metal in bed mud at the bottom of the further minimizing pool, thus optimize the quality of aquatic products, ensure that aquatic products food security.
This technology is compared with prior art, with low cost, easy and simple to handle, practical, security is good, the mobility that is easy to promote, effectively can reduce soil Cu, Pb, As also exists the possibility of increasing soil fertility.

Claims (9)

1. remove a method for heavy metal in bed mud, it is characterized in that, it comprises the steps:
(1) pool Nei Shui is found time, remove foreign material at the bottom of the pool, zeolite powder is evenly spread bed mud surface, and zeolite powder and bed mud are mixed, carry out passivation;
(2) bed mud plantation winter wheat grass at the bottom of the pool after passivation, to water-filling in the pool after 30 ~ 45 days, recovers normally to use.
2. the method for heavy metal in removal bed mud according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described bed mud is for being freshwater aquiculture pool bed mud.
3. the method for heavy metal in removal bed mud according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the heavy metal in described bed mud comprises the As of the Cu of non-residual form, the Pb of non-residual form and non-residual form.
4. the method for heavy metal in removal bed mud according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (1), the preparation method of described zeolite powder is: pulverized by clinoptilolite and sieve, to obtain final product.
5. the method for heavy metal in removal bed mud according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1), use the zeolite powder of 0.5 ~ 60g in often liter of bed mud.
6. the method for heavy metal in removal bed mud according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (1), after zeolite powder and bed mud mix, the pH value of bed mud is 5 ~ 9, and moisture content is 92 ~ 98%.
7. the method for heavy metal in removal bed mud according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (1), passivation time is 30 ~ 45 days, and during passivation, bed mud temperature is 0 ~ 35 DEG C; Wherein, during passivation, stirred a bed mud every 15 days.
8. the method for heavy metal in removal bed mud according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), the planting patterns of plantation winter wheat grass is for laying winter wheat carelessly skin.
9. the method for heavy metal in removal bed mud according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, in step (2), during plantation, the biomass of winter wheat grass is 0.5 ~ 5kg/m 2.
CN201610050778.2A 2016-01-26 2016-01-26 Method for removing heavy metal in bottom mud Pending CN105478464A (en)

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