Waste incineration equipment
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a solid useless processing technology field, especially a waste incineration equipment.
Background
The domestic garbage treatment mainly adopts 3 technical modes of sanitary landfill, high-temperature composting and incineration, wherein a large amount of garbage percolate with complex components and difficult treatment is inevitably generated in the garbage landfill process to cause secondary pollution of garbage; the high-temperature composting treatment amount is small, and the efficiency is low; incineration treatment has a remarkable reduction effect, can recover waste heat, and gradually becomes a main method for domestic waste disposal at home and abroad.
However, the incineration method has some problems, and the quality of the current garbage in China is poor, the garbage classification work is not good enough, incombustible objects are more, the moisture content is high, the classification is not easy to distinguish, the insufficient combustion is caused, and the secondary pollution is easy to generate.
In the prior art, chinese patent CN103234205B provides a grate-type incinerator, which includes a furnace body, a grate disposed in the furnace body, and a stopper for preventing garbage from falling on the grate, wherein the stopper is provided with a through hole, and the stopper is disposed in the furnace body and above the grate. Through the arrangement of the blocking piece, newly thrown garbage can be placed on the blocking piece, so that the garbage cannot directly fall on the fire grate to extinguish the flame on the fire grate; moreover, the garbage can be dried and combusted on the blocking piece and then fall onto the fire grate through the through holes on the blocking piece to be combusted completely, so that the garbage can be combusted more fully. However, the garbage is not treated, the water content is excessive, the combustion of the larger garbage is insufficient, and the heat of the tail gas is not fully utilized. Chinese patent CN105090979B provides a garbage incinerator, which comprises a first furnace body, a second furnace body, a fan, an air inducing part, a smoke exhaust pipe, and a feeding port and a slag discharge port, and improves the combustion efficiency and temperature of the garbage incinerator, so that the temperature in the garbage incinerator reaches 950 ℃ to 1100 ℃, the decomposition temperature of dioxin is reached, the emission of dioxin is reduced, but the treatment cost is high, and the amount of cold air entering is high.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to overcome prior art's shortcoming, provide a treatment effeciency height, difficult production secondary pollution, heat recovery and the high waste incineration equipment of reuse rate.
The purpose of the utility model is realized through the following technical scheme: a garbage incineration device comprises a pretreatment device and an incinerator, wherein the pretreatment device comprises a first shell, a controllable door capable of being opened and closed is arranged in the first shell, the controllable door divides the inner space of the first shell into a drying part positioned on the upper part of the controllable door and a sieving part positioned on the lower part of the controllable door, a first feed inlet is formed in the top of the first shell, a rotating part for driving materials to rotate is arranged in the drying part, the rotating part comprises a first rotating shaft extending along the vertical direction and a plurality of rotating pieces fixedly arranged on the first rotating shaft, the first rotating shaft is rotatably arranged on the top of the first shell and connected with a driving device, the driving device drives the first rotating shaft to rotate, the rotating pieces drive the materials in the drying part to rotate, a cylindrical heat conductor is sleeved outside the rotating part and provided with a jet orifice for jetting hot air, the spray opening is connected with an air supply pipeline, the heat conductor is further provided with water passing holes for water to pass through, a drain pipe is arranged at the position, located at the bottom of the drying part, of the first shell, a material bearing plate inclining towards one side is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the screening part, the first shell is provided with a first discharging door for discharging materials on the material bearing plate, a second rotating shaft extending along the vertical direction is rotatably arranged on the material bearing plate, the screen plate is fixedly arranged on the second rotating shaft through a support frame, the second rotating shaft is connected with a driving device, the driving device drives the second rotating shaft to rotate, an included angle is formed between the screen plate and the second rotating shaft so that the screen plate inclines towards one side, a cylindrical enclosing plate is sleeved on the periphery of the screen plate, a second discharging door for discharging materials above the screen plate is arranged on the cylindrical enclosing plate, and the materials discharged from the second discharging door fall to;
the incinerator comprises a second shell, a crushing device and a furnace chamber are sequentially arranged in the second shell along the direction from top to bottom, a second feed port is formed in the top of the second shell, a third feed port and a dust remover are arranged on the side wall, located below the crushing device, of the second shell, an exhaust port of the dust remover is connected with an air supply pipeline through a pipeline, an air compression pump is arranged at the bottom in the second shell, an exhaust port of the air compression pump faces upwards, a flow guide cover is installed at the exhaust port, an air inlet of the air compression pump is connected with the atmosphere through a pipeline, a third discharging door is arranged at the bottom of the second shell, and a combustor is installed on one side of the second shell.
Preferably, the first discharge door is positioned at the bottom of the inclined side of the material bearing plate.
Preferably, the rotating pieces are flat plates arranged along the vertical direction, and the plurality of rotating pieces are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction. Further preferably, the width of the rotating piece is gradually increased along the direction from top to bottom, so that the materials can be uniformly distributed in the falling process.
Preferably, the third feed port and the dust remover are distributed at intervals in the circumferential direction of the second shell, and further preferably, the third feed port and the dust remover are oppositely arranged in the circumferential direction of the second shell.
Preferably, a plurality of vertical baffles which are staggered up and down are arranged in the dust remover, and the fly ash in the airflow falls to the bottom of the dust remover under the action of the baffles.
Preferably, the burner is located near the nacelle, and preferably, the burner is located at an upper portion of the nacelle.
Preferably, a control valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting the exhaust port of the dust remover and the air supply pipeline.
Preferably, the direction of the jet air flow of the jet opening is opposite to the rotation direction of the rotary plate. The number of the water through holes of the heat conductor can be designed according to the garbage treatment capacity.
Preferably, the air supply pipeline is an annular pipe surrounding the heat conductor for a circle, and the exhaust port connected with the dust remover is connected with the air supply pipeline through an air guide pipe and a branch air guide pipe. The number of the branch air ducts is not less than two, the branch air ducts are arranged in parallel, one end of each branch air duct is connected with the air duct, and the other end of each branch air duct is connected with the air supply pipe. Further preferably, the branched air ducts are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction. Preferably, the sieve plate has a diameter of 50mm, and the size of the refuse crushed by the crusher is 50mm or less, although not limited thereto.
The utility model has the advantages of it is following:
the utility model discloses the treatment effeciency is high, is difficult for producing secondary pollution, and heat recovery and reuse rate are high, and are with low costs. The water in the garbage is maximally treated by the heat conductor and the rotating sheet, so that the interference of the water during combustion is eliminated, and the corrosion to a combustion furnace is reduced; the screening device can classify the particle size of the dried garbage and can classify the garbage on a basis according to weight, the garbage with large particle size can be crushed by the crushing device, the combustion rate of the garbage is improved, the burning temperature is not high enough to achieve the burning purpose due to the fact that the moisture is reduced to the minimum and the particle size of the garbage is moderate, and secondary pollution gas is not easy to generate; after ash content of incinerated gas is removed by a dust remover, waste heat is used for drying garbage, the utilization rate of the waste heat is improved, secondary utilization of resources is achieved, harmful substances such as heavy metals and the like can be mixed in the gas and can be discharged along with water in the garbage, the gas and the leachate are treated together, treatment steps of the harmful substances in the gas are reduced, the cost of overall treatment of the garbage is saved, the condition that cold air enters the incinerator is avoided, and the combustion temperature in the incinerator is stable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the heat conductor of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, a garbage incineration device comprises a pretreatment device and an incinerator, wherein the pretreatment device comprises a first shell 1, a controllable door 2 capable of being opened and closed is arranged in the first shell 1, the controllable door 2 divides the inner space of the first shell 1 into a drying part positioned at the upper part of the controllable door 2 and a sieving part positioned at the lower part of the controllable door 2, a first feeding hole 3 is arranged at the top of the first shell 1, a rotating part for driving materials to rotate is arranged in the drying part, the rotating part comprises a first rotating shaft 4 extending along the vertical direction and a plurality of rotating sheets 5 fixedly arranged on the first rotating shaft 4, the first rotating shaft 4 is rotatably arranged at the top of the first shell 1 and connected with a driving device, the driving device drives the first rotating shaft 4 to rotate, the first rotating shaft 4 drives the rotating sheets 5 to rotate, the rotating sheets 5 drive the materials in the drying part to rotate, a cylindrical heat conductor 6 is sleeved outside the rotating part, as shown in fig. 2, the heat conductor 6 is provided with a jet orifice 7 for jetting hot air, the jet orifice 7 is connected with an air supply pipeline 22, the heat conductor 6 is further provided with a water through hole 8 for water to pass through, a drain pipe 9 is arranged at the position of the first shell 1 at the bottom of the drying part, a material bearing plate 10 inclined towards one side is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the sieving part, a first discharging door 11 for discharging materials on the material bearing plate 10 is arranged on the first shell 1, a second rotating shaft 12 extending along the vertical direction is rotatably arranged on the material bearing plate 10, a sieve plate 13 is fixedly arranged on the second rotating shaft 12 through a support frame 14, the second rotating shaft 12 is connected with a driving device, the driving device drives the second rotating shaft 12 to rotate, and an included angle is formed between the sieve plate 13 and the second rotating shaft 12 so that the sieve plate 13 inclines towards one side, a cylindrical enclosing plate 15 is sleeved on the periphery of the sieve plate 13, a second discharging door 16 for discharging materials above the sieve plate 13 is arranged on the cylindrical enclosing plate 15, and the materials discharged from the second discharging door 16 fall to the material bearing plate 10;
the incinerator comprises a second shell 17, a crushing device 18 and a furnace chamber are sequentially arranged in the second shell 17 from top to bottom, a second feeding hole 19 is formed in the top of the second shell 17, a third feeding hole 20 and a dust remover 21 are arranged on the side wall, located below the crushing device 18, of the second shell 17, an exhaust port of the dust remover 21 is connected with an air supply pipeline 22 through a pipeline, an air compression pump 23 is arranged at the bottom in the second shell 17, an exhaust port of the air compression pump 23 faces upwards, a guide cover 24 is arranged at the exhaust port, an air inlet of the air compression pump 23 is connected with the atmosphere through a pipeline, a third discharging door 25 is arranged at the bottom of the second shell 17, and a combustor 26 is arranged on one side of the second shell 17.
The rotation speed of the rotating plate 5 can drive the garbage to rotate, hot air flow is sprayed through the heat conductor 6, the garbage is not easy to block the water through hole 8, and the drying effect can be achieved. When no liquid flows out from the drain pipe 9, the controllable door 2 is opened to enable the garbage to enter the screening device formed by the cylindrical coaming 15 and the screen plate 13, the structure of the controllable door 2 is not limited, and a commercially available electric control door can be adopted. For example, four fans can be bisected, with the louvers opening from the center image.
Preferably, the first discharge gate 11 is located at the bottom of the inclined side of the retainer plate 10.
Preferably, the rotating pieces 5 are flat plates arranged along the vertical direction, and the plurality of rotating pieces 5 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction. Further preferably, the width of the rotating sheet 5 is gradually increased along the direction from top to bottom, so that the materials can be uniformly distributed in the falling process.
Preferably, the third material inlet 20 and the dust remover 21 are distributed at intervals in the circumferential direction of the second housing 17, and further preferably, the third material inlet 20 and the dust remover 21 are oppositely arranged in the circumferential direction of the second housing 17.
Preferably, a plurality of vertical baffles are arranged in the dust remover 21 in a vertically staggered manner, and the fly ash in the airflow falls to the bottom of the dust remover 21 under the action of the baffles.
Preferably, the burner 26 is located adjacent to the nacelle 24, and preferably, the burner 26 is located at an upper portion of the nacelle 24.
Preferably, a control valve is arranged on the pipeline connecting the exhaust port of the dust remover 21 and the air supply pipeline 22.
Preferably, the direction of the jet air flow of the jet opening 7 is opposite to the rotation direction of the rotor 5. The number of the water through holes 8 of the heat conductor 6 can be designed according to the garbage treatment capacity.
Preferably, the air supply pipeline 22 is an annular pipe surrounding the heat conductor 6 for one circle, and the exhaust port connected with the dust remover 21 is connected with the air supply pipeline through an air guide pipe and a branch air guide pipe. The number of the branch air ducts is not less than two, the branch air ducts are arranged in parallel, one end of each branch air duct is connected with the air duct, and the other end of each branch air duct is connected with the air supply pipe. Further preferably, the branched air ducts are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction. It is preferable that the sieve plate 13 has a diameter of 50mm and the particle diameter of the garbage crushed by the crusher 18 is 50mm or less, but the invention is not limited thereto.
The waste incineration process comprises the following steps:
s1, enabling the garbage to enter the first shell 1 from the first feeding hole 3, enabling the rotating plate 5 to rotate through the first rotating shaft 4, throwing out excessive moisture through the rotation of the rotating plate 5, discharging the moisture through the water discharging pipe 9, opening the controllable door 2 after no moisture flows out, enabling the garbage to be discharged from the controllable door 2 and enter a screening device consisting of a cylindrical enclosing plate 15 and a screen plate 13, enabling the screening device to rotate through the driving of the second rotating shaft 12, enabling the obliquely arranged screen plate 13 to drive materials to shake, enabling the garbage meeting the particle size requirement to fall onto the material bearing plate 10 through the screen plate 13, discharging the garbage through the first discharging door 11, and then enabling the garbage to enter the furnace cavity of the second shell 17 from the third feeding hole 20 for combustion;
when the incinerator works, after the garbage enters the first shell 1 from the first feeding hole 3, hot air discharged by the dust remover 21 enters the heat conductor 6 through the air supply pipeline 22, and the hot air is sprayed from the spray opening 7 to dry the garbage driven to rotate by the rotating sheet 5 and prevent the garbage from blocking the water through hole 8;
s2, preheating the incinerator by the combustor 26, ejecting air from the air guide sleeve 24 from bottom to top by the air compression pump 23, enabling flue gas to enter the dust remover 21 after full combustion, enabling fly ash to fall to the bottom under the action of a baffle, enabling the combusted garbage to fall to two sides of the air compression pump 23, and discharging the garbage through the third discharge door 25;
s3, after the garbage meeting the requirement of the particle size completely enters the incinerator, the large-particle-size substances in the screening device fall onto the material bearing plate 10 from the second discharge door 16, pass through the first discharge door 11, then enter the second shell 17 from the second feed inlet 19, are crushed by the crushing device 18, and then fall into the furnace chamber for combustion.
The utility model has the advantages of it is following:
the utility model discloses the treatment effeciency is high, is difficult for producing secondary pollution, and heat recovery and reuse rate are high, and are with low costs. The water content of the garbage is maximally treated by the heat conductor 6 and the rotating sheet 5, the interference of the water content during combustion is eliminated, and the corrosion to a combustion furnace is reduced; the screening device can classify the particle size of the dried garbage and can classify the garbage on a basis according to weight, the garbage with large particle size can be crushed by the crushing device 18, the combustion rate of the garbage is improved, the burning temperature can be reached without extremely high due to the fact that the moisture is reduced to the minimum and the particle size of the garbage is moderate, and secondary pollution gas is not easy to generate; after the ash amount of the incinerated gas is removed by the dust remover 21, the waste heat is used for drying the garbage, the utilization rate of the waste heat is improved, the secondary utilization of resources is achieved, harmful substances such as heavy metals and the like are mixed in the gas and can be discharged along with the water in the garbage, the gas is treated along with percolate, the treatment steps of the hazardous substances in the gas are reduced, the cost of the overall treatment of the garbage is saved, the condition that cold air enters the incinerator is avoided, and the combustion temperature in the incinerator is stable.