CN210222030U - Toxicity measuring device for fruit fly adult stomach toxicity - Google Patents
Toxicity measuring device for fruit fly adult stomach toxicity Download PDFInfo
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- CN210222030U CN210222030U CN201920700369.1U CN201920700369U CN210222030U CN 210222030 U CN210222030 U CN 210222030U CN 201920700369 U CN201920700369 U CN 201920700369U CN 210222030 U CN210222030 U CN 210222030U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a toxicity testing device for fruit fly adult stomach toxicity, which comprises a toxicity testing tank and an adult collecting bottle; the virulence determination tank comprises a tank cover and a tank body which are arranged at the top, and a ventilation mechanism A is arranged in the middle of the tank cover; the bottom of the tank body is provided with an insect inlet and an object stage; the mouth of the adult insect collecting bottle is connected with the toxicity measuring tank through an insect inlet hole. The utility model discloses the structure is ingenious, convenient to use, low cost, can show improvement labor efficiency and reduce intensity of labour, improve the accuracy nature of virulence determination.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of insect virulence determination device structures and virulence determination methods, and particularly relates to a stomach virulence determination device and a virulence determination method special for fruit fly imagoes.
Background
The trypetidae (Tephritidae) belongs to the Insecta (Insecta) Diptera (Diptera) fruit fly superfamily (Tephritidae), is one of the major families with important economic significance in Diptera, and larvae of the Tephritidae are latent food and parasitic in fruit bodies and damage all parts of plants, such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers and even fruits, so that the fruits are rotten, fallen and even cannot be harvested, and the fruit tree yield is seriously threatened. The world knows that the fruit fly insect is about 4200 species, which belong to 500 genera. The harmful fruit fly species can reach more than 150 species in 15, 22 and 150 genera, the host range is wide, the fruit plants only can be 24 families and 42 genera, and the vegetable plants can be 4 families and 16 genera. The trypetid pests refer to worldwide or regional harmful trypetid species which harm crops such as fruits, vegetables, flowers and the like and threaten fruit and vegetable production, international trade and the like. Many countries have serious fruit fly species as key quarantine objects and have strict quarantine control. At present, chemical pesticides are mainly used for preventing fruit flies in agricultural production, but the long-term use of a large amount of chemical pesticides causes the fruit flies to generate higher-level drug resistance to various medicaments such as organic phosphorus, pyrethroid and antibiotics, and the like, and the fruit flies are in a rapid rising trend. How to scientifically and reasonably apply the pesticide and delay the pesticide resistance of the fruit flies to the chemical pesticide becomes an important content in the chemical control of the fruit flies at present.
Toxicity measurements of pesticides are a quantitative indication of toxicity, i.e., the degree of toxicity. The purpose is to know how toxic a pesticide is to a certain pest, or to compare the difference in the degrees of toxicity of several pesticides to a certain insect, as a measure of the magnitude of toxicity of a pesticide to a certain insect. The toxicity of the insecticide on the fruit fly imagoes is determined by taking south Asia fruit flies and melon flies as test objects, evaluating the toxicity of various insecticides on the south Asia fruit flies and the melon flies, and determining the toxicity of the insecticide on the south Asia fruit flies and the melon flies has very important significance for producing the actual control and physiological influence experiments of the south Asia fruit flies and the melon flies. Therefore, in the process of researching the behavior, physiological changes and influence of the pesticide on the south Asia fruit flies and the melon flies, the toxicity of the pesticide on the south Asia fruit flies and the melon flies is often required to be firstly measured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a toxicity measuring device and a toxicity measuring method for fruit fly imago stomach toxicity. The invention has the advantages of ingenious structure, convenient use, low cost, capability of obviously improving the labor efficiency, reducing the labor intensity, improving the accuracy of toxicity measurement and the like.
The invention is implemented by adopting the following technical scheme.
The invention relates to a toxicity testing device for fruit fly adult stomach toxicity, which comprises a toxicity testing tank and an adult collecting bottle; the virulence determination tank comprises a tank cover and a tank body which are arranged at the top, and a ventilation mechanism A is arranged in the middle of the tank cover; the bottom of the tank body is provided with an insect inlet and an object stage; the mouth of the adult insect collecting bottle is connected with the toxicity measuring tank through an insect inlet hole. Two object stages can be arranged in the toxicity measuring tank to put food and water; the experimental device comprises two parts, wherein adult fruit fly larvae to be tested are placed in an adult fly collecting bottle, a toxicity measuring tank is provided with a carrying platform which can contain adult fly feed mixture with liquid medicine and absorbent cotton soaked in water to provide food and water, and the absorbent cotton is used for preventing the adult fruit fly larvae from falling into the water and submerging, so that the reliability of the experiment can be ensured; the cover at the top end of the toxicity measuring tank is used for ensuring the normal breathing of the fruit fly imagoes and preventing experimental errors caused by death of the fruit fly imagoes due to a closed space. The bottom end is provided with an insect inlet hole for enabling the fruit fly in the toxicity measuring tank to smoothly fly into the toxicity measuring tank. The device structure is that the toxicity measuring tank is arranged above the device structure, and the adult insect collecting bottle is arranged below the device structure, so that the fruit fly adult can smoothly enter the toxicity measuring tank by self (the fruit fly adult has upward flying habit). The virulence determination tank and the adult collection bottle are both made of transparent plastic materials, so that the mortality of insects can be conveniently observed and determined in a virulence determination experiment, and the insects can be conveniently collected and counted. The toxicity measuring tank and the adult fly collecting bottle can be disassembled, are convenient to carry, can measure the toxicity of indoor or outdoor adult fruit fly, and are convenient to clean after use.
In the pest toxicity determination, the state of the nature is simulated as much as possible in a limited space, which provides extremely high help for the authenticity and scientificity of the later-stage pest toxicity determination result, and the results of the toxicity determination are referred to as the basis, so that the accurate guarantee is provided for determining the use concentration, the quantity, the lethal event and other parameters of the pesticide, and the influence on the environment is minimized while the effective killing of the pest is ensured in the specific application. Therefore, the invention fully considers the fruit fly to ensure the smooth air circulation as much as possible in the limited space, and greatly reduces the oxygen deficiency influence on pests caused by relative closed space.
The present invention provides three configurations of the ventilation mechanism a and two configurations of the ventilation mechanism B. From simple to complex, to achieve the gas permeability of the virulence determination device of the invention. The positions of the air-permeable mechanism A and the air-permeable mechanism B are different, and the air-permeable mechanism A and the air-permeable mechanism B can be mutually combined to form different products.
Furthermore, the structure of the ventilation mechanism A is that a large ventilation hole is arranged on the tank cover, a ventilation net is arranged on the ventilation hole, and the mesh number of the ventilation net is 80-100 meshes. Because the individual size of the fruit fly imagoes is large, if the mesh size of the air-permeable net is larger than 100 meshes, the fruit fly imagoes cannot be air-permeable, so that death events are caused, and if the mesh size of the air-permeable net is small, the fruit flies escape, so that errors are caused in experiments.
The device of the invention refers to the design specification that the size of the virulence determination tank is as follows: the transparent plastic tank is 5.5cm high and 10cm in diameter, the top cover is 10cm in diameter, the ventilation net is 6.5cm in diameter, and the mesh number is 100 meshes; the diameter of the objective table is 3.5cm, and the height of the objective table is 1 cm; the diameter of the sleeve cover is 3cm, and the height of the sleeve cover is 2 cm; the diameter of the adult insect collecting bottle mouth is 3.6cm, and the bottle height is 8 cm.
Furthermore, the structure of the ventilation mechanism A is that M small vent holes A are uniformly arranged on the tank cover, and the aperture of each small vent hole A is 1-1.5 mm. The aperture of the small vent hole A is smaller than the body diameter of the pest (fruit fly) to be detected, and the small vent hole A cannot be drilled out.
The structure of the ventilation mechanism A is that a circular groove is formed in the upper portion of the tank cover, a circular turntable is embedded in the circular groove, and N pairs of small ventilation holes B which are matched up and down are uniformly formed in the bottom of the circular groove and the circular turntable at the same time; when the circular turntable rotates, the small vent hole B on the circular turntable and the small vent hole B at the bottom of the circular groove are staggered, so that the opening and closing of the small vent hole B and the size of the opening size are controlled. The aperture of the small vent hole B can be changed by rotating, so that the aperture of the small vent hole B can be set to be larger than or equal to the body diameter of the pest (fruit fly) to be detected. After the poisonous medicament is taken by the pests to be detected (fruit flies), the pests are in the death state gradually losing vitality and lose flight ability, the small vent holes B are all opened, so that the air flow in the toxicity measuring tank is almost not blocked and is closer to the state of natural air circulation.
Further, the side wall of the tank body is provided with a ventilation mechanism B; the structure of the ventilation mechanism B is that M small ventilation holes A are uniformly arranged on the side wall of the tank body, and the aperture of each small ventilation hole A is 1-1.5 mm.
Further, the side wall of the tank body is provided with a ventilation mechanism B; the structure of the ventilation mechanism B is that the upper end and the lower end of the tank body are provided with ring sleeves which are slightly higher than the side wall of the tank body, namely an upper ring sleeve and a lower ring sleeve; an annular outer wall with the diameter slightly larger than that of the tank body is arranged between the upper ring sleeve and the lower ring sleeve; the annular outer wall is in rotating contact connection with the tank body; s pairs of small vent holes C which are matched up and down are uniformly formed on the annular outer wall and the side wall of the tank body; when the annular outer wall rotates, the small vent hole C on the annular outer wall and the small vent hole C on the tank body are staggered, so that the opening and closing of the small vent hole C and the size of the opening size are controlled. The ventilation mechanism B with the structure is additionally provided with a part of an annular outer wall, the small vent hole C is opened and closed by rotating the part, the aperture of the small vent hole C can be set to be larger than or equal to the body diameter of the pest (fruit fly) to be detected, and the usage is the same as that of the small vent hole B.
The invention designs three ways for realizing the golden reentry of the bottom of the toxicity measuring tank. The first mode is the mode only used for entering the insect hole, the mouth of the adult insect collecting bottle is inserted into the insect hole and flies in two spaces of the toxicity measuring tank and the adult insect collecting bottle, and the defects of the mode are that 1) when pests (fruit flies) to be measured move in two empty surfaces of the toxicity measuring tank and the adult insect collecting bottle at the same time, a part of the pests can be stopped in the side wall of the adult insect collecting bottle, and the opportunity of taking food is artificially reduced; 2) after the pests (fruit flies) to be tested eat food, the pests (fruit flies) to be tested are in a state of being poisoned and weak and dying, but some fruit flies still tend to continue to live due to the survival ability, but the pests (fruit flies) to be tested can be killed due to hunger when flying or sliding into an adult collecting bottle during activity and flying beside the food without the surplus capacity, so that the final experimental data that the pests (fruit flies) to be tested completely die due to eating the toxic food can be influenced, and the later experimental accuracy is influenced to a certain extent.
Further, the insect inlet hole at the bottom of the toxicity measuring tank is provided with an insect inlet mechanism, and the insect inlet hole is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the toxicity measuring tank; the diameter of the cover is slightly smaller than the diameter of the insect inlet hole, and a plurality of adult drilling holes are formed in the top of the cover. The arrangement of the sleeve cover can reduce the probability of the occurrence of the defects 1 and 2, and the technical scheme is improved to a certain height to a certain extent.
Further, the insect inlet hole at the bottom of the toxicity measuring tank is provided with an insect inlet mechanism, and the insect inlet hole is arranged at the position, close to the edge, of the bottom of the toxicity measuring tank; a circular tray is arranged below the bottom of the toxicity measuring tank, and insect inlets are arranged on the bottom of the toxicity measuring tank and the circular tray in a matched mode; the inner wall of the circular tray is sleeved on the outer wall of the lower ring sleeve and is rotationally connected with the lower ring sleeve; when the circular tray rotates, the pest inlet hole on the circular tray and the pest inlet hole at the bottom of the toxicity measuring tank are staggered, so that the pest inlet hole is opened and closed. The arrangement of the circular tray completely avoids the situations of the defects 1 and 2, the pests (fruit flies) to be detected only move in the toxicity measuring tank, the probability of eating toxic food and the simulation of the situation at the later period after eating are very close to the natural state, and therefore, the measured experimental result is more accurate and scientific.
A method for determining virulence using the device of the invention, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing 1 group of 6 virulence determination devices, separating a determination tank and a collection bottle; collecting the fruit fly imagoes which eclose for 2-3 days as the fruit flies to be detected, wherein the fruit fly imagoes to be detected need to be subjected to starvation treatment for 24 hours, so that the feeding rate is improved;
step two, putting 10 test fruit fly adults into a collecting bottle; then 5 kinds of liquid medicine with different concentration gradients are prepared from the insecticide, and clear water is used for standby application in a contrast test;
step three, mixing the adult fruit fly feed with 5 reagent preparations with different concentration gradients, mixing the blank control with the adult fly feed by using clear water, adding 0.3ml of liquid medicine or water into 3g of the adult fly feed, airing, transferring the mixed feed into object stages in virulence determination tanks, placing absorbent cotton soaked by water into another object stage in each virulence determination tank, and supplementing water; the fruit fly to be tested, which is collected by the adult collecting bottle, is connected into the toxicity testing tank through the insect inlet hole, the direction is that the toxicity testing tank is arranged above, the adult collecting bottle is arranged below, and the fruit fly flies into the toxicity testing tank by itself through the upward flying habit of the fruit fly;
step four, after the fruit fly to be detected completely flies into the toxicity measuring tank, rotating the round tray and closing the insect inlet hole;
step five, placing all the 6 virulence determination devices in a climatic chamber, observing and recording the survival condition of the fruit fly imagoes in 24 hours, wherein the climatic chamber is at the temperature of 24-26 ℃, the humidity is 55-60%, and the illumination period L is 14: 10;
step six, along with the gradual death of the fruit flies to be detected, slowly rotating the circular turntable, gradually opening the small vent holes B until the small vent holes B are completely opened from the end; meanwhile, the annular outer wall is slowly rotated, and the small vent hole C is gradually opened until the small vent hole C is completely opened at last;
and seventhly, performing data processing analysis by using SPSS22.0 to obtain a virulence regression equation and lethal middle concentration LC 50.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the device for determining the toxicity of the fruit fly adults adopts the structure, and is used for determining the toxicity of various insecticides to the fruit fly adults. The experimental device is divided into two parts, so that the experimental operation is convenient, and the experimental accuracy is improved; the toxicity measuring tank is of a wide cylinder structure, so that a wider space is provided for the fruit flies to move and for containing food and water, and the fruit flies are prevented from dying due to too small space; the air permeable net on the top end cover of the toxicity measuring tube tank is used for keeping oxygen in the experiment process and preventing the death of fruit fly adults caused by oxygen shortage; the adult collecting bottle is connected with the toxicity measuring tube through a cover with a hole, so that escape of the adult collecting bottle during transferring of the to-be-measured insects is prevented, and unnecessary workload is avoided. The invention has simple structure, convenient and fast use, low cost and high flexibility, can obviously improve the labor efficiency, reduce the labor intensity and improve the accuracy of toxicity measurement. The method has the advantages of novelty, simple and convenient operation, easy treatment, relatively short period, accurate precision and high detection efficiency. The operator can easily master the toxicity of the various insecticides to the fruit fly adults, and can learn in a short time even if the operator has no relevant professional knowledge. The determination method of the invention can be suitable for wide popularization in various large plant protection stations, and can bring significant instructive effects for the development of the pesticide industry in China and the effective control of pesticide quantification.
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the assembly of one of the structures of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic view of a can lid of another construction of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a general assembly schematic of another configuration of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an assembly structure diagram of the structure of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of one of the insect feeding mechanisms cooperating with the structure of fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is an overall assembly schematic of another configuration of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is an assembly structure diagram of the structure of fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of another insect feeding mechanism cooperating with the structure of fig. 6.
The reference numbers in the figures are: virulence survey jar (1), adult collecting flask (2), cover (3), jar body (4), objective table (5), big air vent (6), ventilative net (7), little air vent A (8), circular recess (9), circular carousel (10), little air vent B (11), upper ring cover (12), lower ring cover (13), annular outer wall (14), little air vent C (15), income worm hole (16), upper shield (17), adult drill hole (18), circular tray (19).
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the method of the present invention, the following detailed description will be given with reference to specific examples.
The invention relates to a toxicity testing device for fruit fly adult stomach toxicity, which comprises a toxicity testing tank 1 and an adult collecting bottle 2; the virulence determination tank 1 comprises a tank cover 3 and a tank body 4 which are arranged at the top, and a ventilation mechanism A is arranged in the middle of the tank cover 3; the bottom of the tank body 4 is provided with an insect inlet 16 and an object stage 5; the mouth of the adult insect collecting bottle 2 is connected with the virulence determination tank 1 through an insect inlet hole 16. Two object stages 5 can be arranged in the toxicity measuring tank 1 to put food and water; the experimental device comprises two parts, wherein adult fruit fly larvae to be tested are placed in an adult fly collecting bottle 2, a carrying platform 5 is arranged on a toxicity testing tank 1 and can be used for containing adult fly feed mixture with liquid medicine and absorbent cotton soaked in water to provide food and water, and the absorbent cotton is used for preventing the adult fruit fly larvae from falling into water and drowning, so that the reliability of the experiment can be ensured; the top end of the toxicity measuring tank 1 is covered to ensure the normal respiration of the fruit fly imagoes and prevent experimental errors caused by death of the fruit fly imagoes due to a closed space. The bottom end is provided with an insect inlet hole 16 for the fruit fly in the toxicity measuring tank 1 to smoothly fly into the toxicity measuring tank 1. The device structure is that the toxicity measuring tank 1 is arranged above the device structure, and the adult insect collecting bottle 2 is arranged below the device structure, so that the fruit fly adult insects can smoothly enter the toxicity measuring tank 1 by self (the fruit fly adult insects have upward flying habits). The virulence determination tank 1 and the adult collection bottle 2 are both made of transparent plastic materials, so that the mortality of insects can be conveniently observed and determined in a virulence determination experiment, and the insects can be conveniently collected and counted. The virulence determination tank 1 and the adult fly collection bottle 2 can be disassembled, are convenient to carry, can determine the virulence of the indoor or outdoor adult fruit fly, and are convenient to clean after use. (FIG. 1)
In the pest toxicity determination, the state of the nature is simulated as much as possible in a limited space, which provides extremely high help for the authenticity and scientificity of later-stage pest toxicity determination results, and the use concentration, the quantity, lethal events and other parameters of the pesticide are determined by referring to the toxicity determination results as a basis, so that the accurate guarantee can ensure that the environment harm is minimally influenced while effective killing of pests is ensured in specific application. Therefore, the invention fully considers the fruit fly to ensure the smooth air circulation as much as possible in the limited space, and greatly reduces the oxygen deficiency influence on pests caused by relative closed space.
The present invention provides three configurations of the ventilation mechanism a and the ventilation mechanism B, as follows. From simple to complex, to achieve the gas permeability of the virulence determination device of the invention. The positions of the air-permeable mechanism A and the air-permeable mechanism B are different, and the air-permeable mechanism A and the air-permeable mechanism B can be mutually combined to form different products.
Furthermore, the structure of the ventilation mechanism A is that a large ventilation hole 6 is arranged on the tank cover 3, a ventilation net 7 is arranged on the ventilation hole, and the mesh number of the ventilation net 7 is 80-100 meshes. Because the individual size of the fruit fly imagoes is large, if the mesh size of the air-permeable net 7 is larger than 100 meshes, the fruit fly imagoes cannot be air-permeable, so that death events are caused, and if the mesh size is small, the fruit flies escape, so that errors are caused in experiments. (FIG. 1)
The device of the invention refers to the design specification that the size of the virulence determination tank 1 is as follows: the tank body 4 is a transparent plastic tank with the height of 5.5cm and the diameter of 10cm, the diameter of the top cover is 10cm, the diameter of the ventilation net 7 is 6.5cm, and the mesh number is 100 meshes; the diameter of the objective table 5 is 3.5cm, and the height is 1 cm; the sleeve cover 17 has the diameter of 3cm and the height of 2 cm; the diameter of the mouth of the adult insect collecting bottle 2 is 3.6cm, and the height of the adult insect collecting bottle is 8 cm.
Furthermore, the structure of the ventilation mechanism A is that M small vent holes A8 are uniformly arranged on the tank cover 3, and the aperture of the small vent hole A8 is 1 mm-1.5 mm. The aperture of the small vent hole A8 is smaller than the body diameter of the pest (fruit fly) to be tested, and the small vent hole A8 cannot be drilled out. (FIG. 2)
Further, the structure of the ventilation mechanism A is that a circular groove 9 is formed in the upper portion of the tank cover 3, a circular turntable 10 is embedded in the circular groove 9, and N pairs of small ventilation holes B11 which are matched with each other up and down are uniformly formed in the bottom of the circular groove 9 and the circular turntable 10 at the same time; when the circular turntable 10 rotates, the small vent holes B11 on the circular turntable 10 and the small vent holes B11 at the bottom of the circular groove 9 are staggered, so that the opening and closing of the small vent holes B11 and the size of the opening size are controlled. Since the aperture of the small vent hole B11 can be changed by rotation, the aperture of the small vent hole B11 can be set to be equal to or larger than the body diameter of the pest (fruit fly) to be detected. After the poisonous drug is eaten by the pests to be tested (fruit flies), the pests are in the death state of gradually losing vitality and losing flight ability, the small vent holes B11 are all opened, so that the air flow in the toxicity testing tank 1 is almost not blocked and is closer to the state of natural air circulation. (FIG. 3)
Further, the side wall of the tank body 4 is provided with a ventilation mechanism B; the structure of the ventilation mechanism B is that M small ventilation holes A8 are evenly arranged on the side wall of the tank body 4, and the aperture of the small ventilation hole A8 is 1 mm-1.5 mm. (not shown in the drawings)
Further, the side wall of the tank body 4 is provided with a ventilation mechanism B; the structure of the ventilation mechanism B is that the upper end and the lower end of the tank body 4 are provided with ring sleeves which are slightly higher than the side wall of the tank body 4, namely an upper ring sleeve 12 and a lower ring sleeve 13; an annular outer wall 14 with the diameter slightly larger than that of the tank body 4 is arranged between the upper ring sleeve 12 and the lower ring sleeve 13; the annular outer wall 14 is connected with the tank body 4 in a rotating contact manner; s pairs of small vent holes C15 which are matched up and down are uniformly formed on the annular outer wall 14 and the side wall of the tank body 4; when the annular outer wall 14 rotates, the small vent hole C15 on the annular outer wall 14 and the small vent hole C15 on the tank body 4 are staggered, so that the opening and closing of the small vent hole C15 and the size of the opening size are controlled. The ventilation mechanism B with the structure is additionally provided with a part of the annular outer wall 14, the small vent hole C15 is opened and closed by rotating the part, the aperture of the small vent hole C15 can be set to be larger than or equal to the body diameter of the pest (fruit fly) to be detected, and the usage is the same as that of the small vent hole B11. (FIG. 4 or FIG. 7)
Three ways of realizing the golden reentry at the bottom of the toxicity measuring tank 1 are designed. Firstly, the mode only adopts the insect inlet hole 16 is that the bottle mouth of the adult insect collecting bottle 2 is inserted into the insect inlet hole 16 and flies in two spaces of the toxicity measuring tank 1 and the adult insect collecting bottle 2, and the defect of the mode is that 1) when pests (fruit flies) to be measured move in two empty surfaces of the toxicity measuring tank 1 and the adult insect collecting bottle 2 simultaneously, a part of the pests can stay in the side wall of the adult insect collecting bottle 2, so that the food taking opportunity is artificially reduced; 2) after the pests (fruit flies) to be tested eat food, the pests (fruit flies) to be tested are in a state of being poisoned and weak and dying, but some fruit flies still tend to continue to live due to the survival ability, but the pests (fruit flies) to be tested can be killed due to hunger when flying or sliding into the adult collecting bottle 2 during activity and having no surplus ability to fly beside the food, so that the final experimental data that the pests (fruit flies) to be tested completely die due to eating the toxic food can be influenced, and certain influence is caused on the accurate performance of later experiments.
Further, the insect inlet hole 16 at the bottom of the toxicity measuring tank 1 is set as an insect inlet mechanism, and the structure is that the insect inlet hole 16 is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the toxicity measuring tank 1; the bottle mouth of the adult collecting bottle 2 is provided with a cover 17, the diameter of the cover 17 is slightly smaller than that of the adult hole 16, and the top of the cover 17 is provided with a plurality of adult drilling holes 18. The arrangement of the cover 17 can reduce the probability of the occurrence of the defects 1 and 2, and improve the technical scheme to a certain height to a certain extent. (FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5)
Further, the insect inlet hole 16 at the bottom of the virulence determination tank 1 is provided with an insect inlet mechanism, and the structure is that the insect inlet hole 16 is arranged at the position close to the edge at the bottom of the virulence determination tank 1; a round tray 19 is arranged under the bottom of the toxicity measuring tank 1, and insect inlets 16 are arranged on the bottom of the toxicity measuring tank 1 and the round tray 19 in a matched mode; the inner wall of the circular tray 19 is sleeved on the outer wall of the lower ring sleeve 13 and is rotationally connected with the lower ring sleeve; when the circular tray 19 rotates, the insect inlet hole 16 on the circular tray 19 and the insect inlet hole 16 at the bottom of the virulence determination tank 1 are staggered, so that the insect inlet hole 16 is opened and closed. The arrangement of the circular tray 19 completely eliminates the situations of the defects 1 and 2, completely leads the pests (fruit flies) to be detected to move only in the toxicity measuring tank 1, and leads the probability of eating toxic food and the simulation of the situation at the later period after eating to be very close to the natural state, thereby leading the measured experimental result to be more accurate and scientific. (FIG. 6, FIG. 7, FIG. 8)
A method for determining virulence using the device of the invention, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing 1 group of 6 virulence determination devices, separating a determination tank and a collection bottle; collecting the fruit fly imagoes which eclose for 2-3 days as the fruit flies to be detected, wherein the fruit fly imagoes to be detected need to be subjected to starvation treatment for 24 hours, so that the feeding rate is improved;
step two, putting 10 test fruit fly adults into a collecting bottle; then 5 kinds of liquid medicine with different concentration gradients are prepared from the insecticide, and clear water is used for standby application in a contrast test;
step three, mixing the adult fruit fly feed with 5 reagent preparations with different concentration gradients, mixing the blank control with the adult fly feed by using clear water, adding 0.3ml of liquid medicine or water into 3g of the adult fly feed, airing, transferring the mixed feed into an object stage 5 in each toxicity measuring tank 1, placing absorbent cotton soaked by water into another object stage 5 in each toxicity measuring tank 1, and supplementing water; the fruit fly to be tested collected by the adult collecting bottle 2 is connected into the toxicity testing tank 1 through the insect inlet hole 16, the direction is that the toxicity testing tank 1 is arranged at the upper part, the adult collecting bottle 2 is arranged at the lower part, and the fruit fly flies into the toxicity testing tank 1 by self through the upward flying habit of the fruit fly;
step four, after the fruit fly to be detected completely flies into the toxicity measuring tank 1, rotating the circular tray 19 and closing the insect inlet hole 16;
step five, placing all the 6 virulence determination devices in a climatic chamber, observing and recording the survival condition of the fruit fly imagoes in 24 hours, wherein the climatic chamber is at the temperature of 24-26 ℃, the humidity is 55-60%, and the illumination period L is 14: 10;
step six, along with the gradual death of the fruit flies to be detected, slowly rotating the circular turntable 10, and gradually opening the small vent holes B11 until the fruit flies are completely opened from the end; at the same time, the annular outer wall 14 is slowly rotated, and the small vent hole C15 is gradually opened until the annular outer wall is completely opened from the end;
and seventhly, performing data processing analysis by using SPSS22.0 to obtain a virulence regression equation and lethal middle concentration LC 50.
The specific operation process of the experiment by adopting the structure of the invention
(1) The experimental conditions are as follows:
the experiment was carried out in a climatic chamber (Shanghai Satsung instruments, LTC-1000) with the following conditions set: the temperature is 24 ℃, the illumination period L is 14:10, and the feeding humidity is 60%;
(2) a test insect source:
the south Asia fruit fly and melon fly are collected from rotten fruit in the city of Yunnan province, the rotten fruit is brought back to a laboratory, the fruit fly is popped out from the rotten fruit and is pupated on prepared sand, and the adult flies are bred by using artificial feed after eclosion. Laboratory south Asia fruit fly and melon fly breeding has been over 50 generations. Before the experiment, imagoes of south Asia fruit flies and melon flies which emerge for 2-3 days are collected for experiment. And starving for 24 hours to improve the food taking rate.
(3) The insecticide is configured as:
firstly, the insecticide is measured, converted, weighed and dissolved in clear water to prepare liquid medicine with larger concentration, and then the liquid medicine is diluted to 5 liquid medicines with equal gradient concentration and is contained in a culture dish;
(4) the south Asia fruit flies and the melon fruit flies are loaded into an adult insect collecting bottle according to 10 heads of south Asia fruit flies and melon fruit fly adults of each matched device, and are connected with a toxicity measuring tube through a cover with a hole, so that the fruit fly adults fly into a toxicity measuring tank to take food;
(5) after being placed in an artificial climate box for breeding for 24 hours, the survival condition is observed;
(6) morphological characteristics of south asian fruit flies:
the size difference of adult flies is large, the length of male flies is (6.61 +/-0.42) mm, and the length of female flies is (8.56 +/-1.16) mm; the wing spread is (7.30-8.60) mm; the body color is yellow brown to red brown, and the average body length is 6-9 mm; yellow head, black facial spot, 2 pieces, medium size; a short red spot is on the top of the head; brown, 1 pair of seta on the forehead, 3 pairs of seta on the forehead and 2 pairs of seta on the forehead; the back plate of the middle chest is yellow brown and is provided with a seam, 3 middle yellow strips are arranged on the rear side, the yellow strips on the two sides after the seam are symmetrical, and finally, the rear wing is provided with bristles; obvious black stripes are arranged between the shoulder blades of the chest and the transverse seams and between the color strips after the transverse seams are sewn; the shield is yellow, has a narrow black base band, and has 2 pairs of shield end bristles; the length of each wing is 5.7-8.5 mm, and the front edge of each wing is smoky brown; the crus are yellow, the front and rear crus are brown, and the middle crus are light brown; the abdomen is yellowish brown, section 2 back plate has brown stripe, section 3 back plate front edge has dark brown horizontal band, section 4, 5 side edge respectively have a dark brown spot, section 35 back plate has black middle vertical stripe, this vertical stripe is interrupted by internode sometimes.
(7) Morphological characteristics of melon flies:
the body shape is similar to a bee, the yellow brown color is changed into red brown color, the length is 7-9 mm, the width is 3-4 mm, the wing length is 7mm, female insects are slightly smaller than male insects, and the body color of the primary eclosion adult insects is lighter than 50% of that of the egg laying adult insects. Both sides of the back of the chest are respectively provided with 1 yellow spot, both sides of the middle chest are respectively provided with 1 thick yellow vertical spot, and the back is provided with 3 parallel yellow longitudinal lines; the paranoid is transparent and glossy, and has 1 long spot on the inferior frontal pulse and the gluteal region, 1 round spot on the tip of the wing, and narrow-anterior and wide-posterior patches on the radial-medial and middle-elbow transverse arteries.
(8) Toxicity determination of pesticide on south Asia fruit fly
TABLE 1 Spinosad (Spinosad) data records on 24h treatment of Bactrocera dorsalis adults in south Asia
The spinosad has obvious effect of treating the south Asia fruit fly with high concentration, 3-5mg-1The mortality rate in the inner 24h is higher than 50 percent, 24hLC50Is 3.064mg.L-1，The control mortality rate is always lower than 5%, and the result is credible.
TABLE 2 Spinosad (Spinosad) data records on the 24h treatment of adult melon fly
The effect of spinosad on high-concentration stomach toxicity of Bactrocera cucurbitae, 24h LC, can be obtained from Table 2503.546mg.L-1，5-9mg.L-1The mortality rate is higher than 50%, the control mortality rate is always lower than 5%, and the result is credible.
TABLE 3 toxicity assay results of spinosad on south Asia fruit fly and melon fruit fly
The results in Table 3 show that in the results of determining the toxicity of spinosad on south Asia fruit fly and melon fly imagoes by the stomach toxicity method, the stomach toxicity effect on south Asia fruit fly is better than the stomach toxicity effect on melon fly, and LC of toxicity50The values are 3.064 and 3.546, respectively, and the correlation coefficients are 0.842 and 0.863, respectively. The theoretical mortality rate of the south Asia fruit flies and the melon flies is obviously consistent with the actual mortality rate, and the obtained toxicity regression equations better reflect the indoor toxicity of the spinosad on the south Asia fruit flies and the melon flies.
The detailed description is given to the virulence determination process and results of the imagoes of south Asia fruit flies and melon flies, but the method of the invention can not only determine the virulence of the imagoes of the south Asia fruit flies and melon flies, but also determine the virulence of the imagoes of other fruit flies, and obtain the virulence determination results of different imagoes of the fruit flies under the most efficient condition; and the toxicity of the imagoes such as the fruit fly imagoes can be measured by the method.
In an extension, although the name of the present invention is described as a toxicity measuring apparatus for stomach toxicity of fruit fly adults, it is an extension of the present invention that other insects (pests) similar to fruit fly adults are used instead of the fruit fly adults, as long as they are suitable for the structure and method of the present invention.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Therefore, unless a significant amount of innovation is introduced, all such modifications and improvements are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (9)
1. A toxicity testing device for fruit fly adult stomach toxicity is characterized by comprising a toxicity testing tank and an adult collecting bottle; the virulence determination tank comprises a tank cover and a tank body which are arranged at the top, and a ventilation mechanism A is arranged in the middle of the tank cover; the bottom of the tank body is provided with an insect inlet and an object stage; the mouth of the adult insect collecting bottle is connected with the toxicity measuring tank through an insect inlet hole.
2. The apparatus for measuring the toxicity of the fruit fly adult stomach according to claim 1, wherein the ventilation mechanism A has a structure in which a large ventilation hole is provided in a can lid, and a ventilation net is provided in the ventilation hole, the mesh number of the ventilation net being 80 to 100 mesh.
3. The apparatus for measuring the toxicity of the fruit fly adult stomach according to claim 1, wherein the structure of the ventilation mechanism A is that M small ventilation holes A are uniformly arranged on the tank cover, and the aperture of the small ventilation holes A is 1mm to 1.5 mm.
4. The toxicity measuring device for the stomach toxicity of the adult fruit fly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the structure of the ventilation mechanism A is that a circular groove is formed on the upper part of the can cover, a circular turntable is embedded on the circular groove, and N pairs of small ventilation holes B which are matched with each other up and down are uniformly formed at the bottom of the circular groove and on the circular turntable at the same time; when the circular turntable rotates, the small vent hole B on the circular turntable and the small vent hole B at the bottom of the circular groove are staggered, so that the opening and closing of the small vent hole B and the size of the opening size are controlled.
5. The toxicity test device for fruit fly adult stomach toxicity according to claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that a ventilation mechanism B is arranged on the side wall of the tank body; the structure of the ventilation mechanism B is that M small ventilation holes A are uniformly arranged on the side wall of the tank body, and the aperture of each small ventilation hole A is 1-1.5 mm.
6. The toxicity test device for fruit fly adult stomach toxicity according to claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that a ventilation mechanism B is arranged on the side wall of the tank body; the structure of the ventilation mechanism B is that the upper end and the lower end of the tank body are provided with ring sleeves which are slightly higher than the side wall of the tank body, namely an upper ring sleeve and a lower ring sleeve; an annular outer wall with the diameter slightly larger than that of the tank body is arranged between the upper ring sleeve and the lower ring sleeve; the annular outer wall is in rotating contact connection with the tank body; s pairs of small vent holes C which are matched up and down are uniformly formed on the annular outer wall and the side wall of the tank body; when the annular outer wall rotates, the small vent hole C on the annular outer wall and the small vent hole C on the tank body are staggered, so that the opening and closing of the small vent hole C and the size of the opening size are controlled.
7. The toxicity test apparatus for fruit fly adult stomach toxicity according to claim 5, wherein the insect inlet hole at the bottom of the toxicity test tank is provided as an insect inlet mechanism, and the structure is that the insect inlet hole is provided at the middle part of the bottom of the toxicity test tank; the diameter of the cover is slightly smaller than the diameter of the insect inlet hole, and a plurality of adult drilling holes are formed in the top of the cover.
8. The toxicity test apparatus for fruit fly adult stomach toxicity according to claim 6, wherein the insect inlet hole at the bottom of the toxicity test tank is provided as an insect inlet mechanism, and the structure is that the insect inlet hole is provided at the middle part of the bottom of the toxicity test tank; the diameter of the cover is slightly smaller than the diameter of the insect inlet hole, and a plurality of adult drilling holes are formed in the top of the cover.
9. The toxicity test apparatus for fruit fly adult stomach toxicity according to claim 6, wherein the insect inlet hole at the bottom of the toxicity test tank is provided as an insect inlet mechanism, and the structure is that the insect inlet hole is provided at a position near the edge of the bottom of the toxicity test tank; a circular tray is arranged below the bottom of the toxicity measuring tank, and insect inlets are arranged on the bottom of the toxicity measuring tank and the circular tray in a matched mode; the inner wall of the circular tray is sleeved on the outer wall of the lower ring sleeve and is rotationally connected with the lower ring sleeve; when the circular tray rotates, the pest inlet hole on the circular tray and the pest inlet hole at the bottom of the toxicity measuring tank are staggered, so that the pest inlet hole is opened and closed.
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