CN209882848U - Small-size parasitic wasp adult stomach toxicity, contact toxicity survey device - Google Patents
Small-size parasitic wasp adult stomach toxicity, contact toxicity survey device Download PDFInfo
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- CN209882848U CN209882848U CN201920391878.0U CN201920391878U CN209882848U CN 209882848 U CN209882848 U CN 209882848U CN 201920391878 U CN201920391878 U CN 201920391878U CN 209882848 U CN209882848 U CN 209882848U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a device for measuring the stomach toxicity and contact toxicity of small parasitic wasp imagoes, which comprises an object stage, an toxicity measuring tube and a drug storage tube; the virulence determination tube and the drug storage tube are movably connected and arranged on the objective table; the virulence measuring tube comprises a measuring tube body, a tube plug and a feeding net which are mutually matched; a plurality of circular depressions are uniformly arranged on the objective table; the tube body of the measuring tube is movably connected in the circular recess of the objective table; the pipe plug is a round table in interference fit with the pipe body of the measuring pipe; the feeding net is arranged into a circular table type iron wire tuck net in interference fit with the measuring pipe body, and the feeding net is arranged between the measuring pipe body and the pipe plug. The device of the utility model can adopt different processing modes to respectively measure the independent toxicity of the stomach toxicity and the contact toxicity and also realize the combined toxicity measurement of the stomach toxicity and the contact toxicity. The utility model discloses replace traditional medicine membrane preparation method, the operation of being convenient for effectively reduces the pesticide quantity and with human contact, improves experiment security.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of a toxicity determination, concretely relates to survey device structure technical field of pesticide to parasitic wasp stomach toxicity, touch toxicity.
Background
Parasitic wasps are one of the main groups of parasitic natural enemy insects, belong to the order hymenoptera, and include various insects living by parasites, such as Cerebrioidae, Hyphomidae, Cucumis, etc., in the suborder Aphidae. Their parasitic patterns are many and mainly fall into two broad categories, external parasitic and internal parasitic. The former means that eggs are laid on the body surface of a host, and hatched larvae feed on the body surface of the host; the latter is to lay eggs in the host body and to make the hatched larvae feed on the tissues in the body of the pest. The parasitized objects may be parasitized at various stages from egg to adult. The hosts of the parasitic wasps comprise Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera and the like, and different parasitic wasp species can parasitize different insect states such as larvae, pupae, eggs and the like, and can kill parasitic insects. Different from predatory insects, the parasitic insects reduce the population quantity of host insects in an egg laying mode, have large egg laying quantity and high parasitic rate in partial species, can be used as a biological control means to control agriculture and forestry pests, and play an important role in biological control. For example, the cupressus hirsutus is a parasitic wasp special for whitefly pests, has a high parasitic rate on whitefly nymphs, and is introduced in most countries in recent years for controlling the whitefly on crops such as protected vegetables, flowers and the like. In the period of 1995-1996, the animal and plant quarantine service (USDA-APHIS) of the United states department of agriculture introduced 56 natural enemies of Bemisia tabaci from various countries, found that the Cerrena praecox hainanensis is a high-efficiency natural enemy of Bemisia tabaci, and found that the parasitic rate of the local parasitic wasp to the Bemisia tabaci can be remarkably improved after the parasitic wasp is released after the successful release in the Texas field. Australian scholars introduce Aphis helenchoides in 2002 for the first time, and after the Aphis helenchoides is released in 2004, the Australian scholars find that the population can be rapidly established after the Aphis helenchoides is released, so that the increase of the population quantity of Bemisia tabaci can be effectively inhibited.
The parasitic wasp is an important natural control factor in the quantitative change of pest population, and the pest control by using the parasitic wasp is one of the most concerned control methods because the parasitic wasp conforms to the growing food green safety concept of people, and is also one of the important means of the comprehensive pest control. However, a large amount of chemical control means are still used for the current pest control, although the population number of field pests can be rapidly reduced by using chemical agents, the killing effect on natural enemies is very serious, the natural enemies can be killed while the pests are killed by unreasonably using the pesticides, the natural control effect of the natural enemies is reduced, and particularly the effect and the influence of the chemical pesticides on the natural enemy insects are not clear when the chemical pesticides are continuously degraded to sub-lethal concentration in the field. For example, Encarsia formosa is a parasitic natural enemy of Bemisia tabaci, and various scholars have made much research on the biology and the application thereof to the control of Bemisia tabaci and have been successfully applied thereto. However, when other pests occur, a plurality of pesticides are generally used for controlling, and encircleing encarsia formosa. Researchers have pointed out that the lethal effect of common pesticides on encarsia formosa indicates that each development pest state of the encarsia formosa is sensitive to chemical agents such as pyrethrins and organophosphorus, and the agents are not suitable for being used in the release period or the high-incidence period of natural enemies. And the pesticide has different killing power on different development stages of encarsia formosa, wherein the adult stage is sensitive to various medicaments, the larval stage is related to the host age and the development stage of parasitic wasps in the host body to a great extent, and the pesticide acts on the host firstly and then acts on natural enemies. The safety of the pesticide on natural enemies is related to the comprehensive effect of the pesticide on an ecosystem, and the influence of the pesticide on pests and the natural enemies can be accurately evaluated, so that the pest control system can avoid massive killing on the natural enemies, is favorable for maintaining ecological diversity, and is a necessary ecological basis for successful biological control. Therefore, the safety of various insecticides to natural enemies is evaluated, the agents are reasonably selected, the killing effect of the agents to the natural enemies is very necessary to be avoided or reduced, the natural control effect of the natural enemies is fully exerted on the basis of ensuring the safety of the natural enemy insects, and the purpose of preventing and controlling pests is achieved.
The safety of an insecticide against a parasitic natural enemy is evaluated, and the toxicity of the insecticide against the parasitic natural enemy is generally determined. The virulence of an insecticide is measured as a quantitative indication of its toxicity, i.e. the degree of toxicity, in order to define the magnitude of the toxicity of a particular insecticide against a parasitic bee, or to compare the differences in the degree of virulence of several insecticides against a particular parasitic bee. Current indoor virulence assays for parasitic natural enemies typically include contact and stomach virulence. The current assays also suffer from several disadvantages: firstly, a glass tube pesticide film method is usually adopted for measuring the contact toxicity, a pesticide film is manufactured after the pesticide is injected into the glass tube in a manual mode, and testers directly contact the pesticide to influence the health of human bodies; secondly, the traditional pharmacotherapy film method needs to supply food to parasitic wasps in a glass tube, and as the method for measuring the toxicity of the stomach, the method is usually the same as the method for measuring the toxicity of the stomach, the absorbent cotton mixed with 10% of honey water is directly plugged into the bottom of the tube, so that the phenomenon that the parasitic wasps directly contact the absorbent cotton and are wound and killed by filiform cotton often occurs, and the test result is influenced; thirdly, the existing device for measuring the toxicity of the parasitic wasps can only measure one toxicity of stomach toxicity or contact poisoning, and cannot measure two kinds of toxicity by using the same device, so that the test for simultaneously measuring two kinds of toxicity on part of the wasps is inconvenient, and the workload is unnecessarily increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims at providing a survey pesticide to parasitic wasp stomach toxicity, touch device of killing virulence, solve above-mentioned shortcoming wherein at least, its simple structure, easy and simple to handle, can survey the pesticide by safe efficient to parasitic wasp stomach toxicity, touch device of killing virulence, effectively reduce the cost of labor and the amount of labour in the experimentation, improve experimental efficiency. In the experimental determination process, a human body does not directly contact with the pesticide, so that the pesticide dosage and chemical pollution are reduced, and the experimental safety is ensured.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a small-scale parasitoid bee adult stomach toxicity, touch out virulence survey device, this survey device includes objective table, virulence survey tube and stores up the medicine tube; the virulence determination tube and the drug storage tube are movably connected and arranged on the objective table; the sizes of the toxicity measuring tube and the drug storage tube are matched with the objective table; the virulence measuring tube comprises a measuring tube body, a tube plug and a feeding net which are mutually matched; a plurality of circular depressions are uniformly arranged on the object carrier; the tube body of the measuring tube is movably connected in the circular recess of the objective table; the pipe plug is a circular table in interference fit with the measuring pipe body, and the diameter of the lower end of the pipe plug is smaller than the diameter of the pipe orifice of the measuring pipe body; the feeding net is arranged into a round table type iron wire tuck net in interference fit with the measuring pipe body, the diameter of the lower end of the feeding net is smaller than the diameter of the pipe orifice of the measuring pipe body, and the feeding net is arranged between the measuring pipe body and the pipe plug. The toxicity measuring tube is used as a main experimental place, the drug storage tube is used for prestoring experimental drugs loaded with different concentrations, and the objective table is used for placing the toxicity measuring tube and the drug storage tube, so that the transportation is convenient;
further, the utility model discloses the objective table specification sets up to long: width: the height =25cm:10cm:2cm, the material is wooden, and the circular recess on the objective table sets up 2 rows.
Furthermore, the utility model is arranged into a glass tube with injection and suction functions and the same specification as the toxicity measuring tube; namely, a piston matched with the medicine storage tube is arranged in the medicine storage tube and comprises a piston plug handle and a piston plug head arranged at the lower part of the piston plug handle; the piston plug comprises an upper piston round table and a lower piston round table with the same specification and a rubber circular sheet clamped between the two piston round tables; the two piston round tables are fixedly connected through the rubber round sheet. In order to facilitate the manufacture, the piston plug handle and the piston round table are made of hard plastics, and the rubber round sheet is made of soft plastics. The piston plug is divided into a piston round table and a rubber wafer, so that the rubber wafer can be replaced.
Furthermore, the body specification of the measuring tube of the toxicity measuring tube of the utility model is 3cm in diameter and 6cm in height, and the material is glass; the feeding net is characterized in that the height of a circular table type iron wire net bag is set between 2cm and 3cm, and the mesh number is 150 meshes; the pipe plug is characterized in that the diameter of the bottom surface is 2.5cm, the diameter of the top surface is 3.2cm, the height is set between 1cm and 3cm, and the pipe plug is made of cork.
Further, the utility model discloses the storage medicine pipe body superscript of storage medicine pipe is equipped with minimum unit 0.1 ml's scale, and this scale begins to mark by lower supreme order to storage medicine pipe body bottom and establishes.
Furthermore, the bottom of the outer side wall of the toxicity measuring tube of the utility model is provided with a through tube A, and the bottom of the outer side wall of the drug storage tube is provided with a through tube B; the inner diameters of the through pipe A and the through pipe B are set to be 0.25 cm-0.35 cm, the through pipe A and the through pipe B are communicated through a rubber hose, and the inner diameter of the rubber hose is set to be matched with the diameters of the through pipe A and the through pipe B; the through pipe A is internally provided with a gauze A, and the through pipe B is internally provided with a gauze B.
Further, the top of the stopper handle of the utility model is provided with a serial number mark. The serial number is embedded in the top of the plug handle, and Arabic numerals are used as the serial number.
Furthermore, a groove is arranged between two circular depressions which are arranged in the same row on the object stage; the rubber hose is arranged in the groove. The groove that sets up between virulence survey pipe and the storage medicine pipe is used for placing the rubber tube on the one hand, prevents on the other hand that the vacuum from appearing between body and the objective table, is difficult to take off.
The utility model discloses a method for measuring small-size parasitic wasp adult stomach toxicity by using a small-size parasitic wasp adult stomach toxicity and contact toxicity measuring device, the utility model comprises the following steps: step one, preparing an object stage and 1 group of 6 virulence determination tubes, and separating a tube body of the determination tubes, a feeding net and a tube plug; step two, putting a certain amount of small parasitic wasp adults to be tested into a measuring tube body of the toxicity measuring tube, and putting a feeding net; step three, mixing the 5 concentration gradient test agents and 1 blank control into honey water, immersing the honey water into absorbent cotton, then respectively placing the absorbent cotton into a feeding net, and plugging a pipe plug; and step four, placing 6 virulence determination tubes on an object stage, placing the object stage into a climatic chamber, and observing and recording the survival condition of the parasitic wasps after 24 hours.
The utility model discloses a method for determining the contact toxicity of small parasitic wasp adults by using a device for determining the stomach toxicity and the contact toxicity of the small parasitic wasp adults, which comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing an objective table, 1 group of 6 toxicity measuring tubes and 1 group of 6 drug storage tubes, wherein the 6 drug storage tubes are respectively connected by rubber hoses and then are placed on the objective table;
step two, preparing 5 test medicaments with concentration gradients in advance and comparing the test medicaments with 1 piece of clear water, and respectively adding 30ml of the test medicaments into 6 medicament storage tubes;
step three, pressing pistons of 6 medicine storage tubes simultaneously to inject the test agent and clean water into the toxicity measuring tube;
fourthly, after the test agent is kept still in the toxicity measuring tube for 30 seconds, the piston is drawn, so that the test agent is sucked into the drug storage tube again;
fifthly, after the medicine liquid on the pipe wall in the toxicity measuring pipe is dried and a medicine film is formed, putting a certain amount of small parasitic wasp imagoes to be tested into the pipe body of the measuring pipe, putting a feeding net containing absorbent cotton with 10% of honey water, and plugging a pipe plug;
and sixthly, placing the 6 virulence determination tubes in a climatic chamber, and observing and recording the survival condition of the parasitic wasps after 24 hours.
The utility model has the advantages that 1) the utility model adopts the transparent glass tube as the toxicity measuring tube and the medicine storage tube, thereby ensuring the clear observation of the activity condition of parasitic wasps in the test process and ensuring the accuracy of the dosage by the scale setting of the medicine storage tube; 2) the feeding net not only provides food for parasitic wasps, but also can be immersed in the medicament for stomach toxicity treatment; 3) the drug storage tube has injection and suction functions, and can inject a test drug into the toxicity measuring tube and then suck the drug into the drug storage tube, and the toxicity measuring tube can be replaced by a new toxicity measuring tube to carry out different repetition of the same treatment; 4) the round depressions in the row 2 of the object stage can be simultaneously treated by 6 medicaments, so that the time is saved, and the test error is reduced; 5) when the utility model is used for toxicity measurement, the contact probability between people and test agents is less in the test process, and the safety of test operators is ensured; 6) the utility model can respectively measure the toxicity of stomach toxicity and contact toxicity, and can also measure the combined toxicity of stomach toxicity and contact toxicity, which is efficient and convenient; 7) the utility model discloses mainly to the virulence survey of small-size parasitic wasp, but just can be applicable to the virulence survey to multiple small-size insect as long as suitable improvement, have very strong practicality.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a complete structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the three components of the virulence determination tube of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the drug storage tube of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the objective table of the present invention.
In the figures, the reference numerals are: the device comprises an object stage (1), a circular recess (2), a virulence determination tube (3), a tube plug (3.1), a feeding net (3.2), a determination tube body (3.3), a through tube A (3.4), a gauze A (3.5), a medicine storage tube (4), a piston plug handle (4.1), a medicine storage tube body (4.2), a piston (4.3), a through tube B (4.4), a gauze B (4.5), scales (4.6), a piston plug head (4.7), a piston round table (4.8), a rubber wafer (4.9), a rubber hose (5) and a groove (6).
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
A small-scale parasitoid bee adult stomach toxicity, touches and kills the virulence determination device, the determination device includes the objective table 1, virulence determination tube 3 and stores up the medicine tube 4; the toxicity determination tube 3 and the drug storage tube 4 are movably connected and arranged on the objective table 1; the sizes of the toxicity measuring tube 3 and the drug storage tube 4 are matched with the objective table 1; the virulence determination tube 3 comprises a determination tube body 3.3, a tube plug 3.1 and a feeding net 3.2 which are mutually matched; a plurality of circular depressions 2 are uniformly arranged on the objective table 1; the tube body 3.3 of the measuring tube is movably connected in the circular recess 2 of the objective table 1; the pipe plug 3.1 is a round table in interference fit with the measuring pipe body 3.3, and the diameter of the lower end of the pipe plug 3.1 is smaller than the diameter of the pipe orifice of the measuring pipe body 3.3; the net of feeding 3.2 sets up to the round platform type iron wire string bag with survey pipe body 3.3 interference fit, and its lower extreme diameter is less than survey pipe body 3.3 mouth of pipe diameter, feeds and nets 3.2 and sets up between survey pipe body 3.3 and stopcock 3.1. The toxicity measuring tube is used as a main experimental place, the drug storage tube is used for prestoring experimental drugs loaded with different concentrations, and the objective table is used for placing the toxicity measuring tube and the drug storage tube, so that the transportation is convenient;
further, the utility model discloses 1 specification of objective table sets up to long: width: the height =25cm:10cm:2cm, the material is wood, and the circular depressions 2 on the objective table 1 are arranged in 2 rows.
Furthermore, the utility model is provided with a medicine storage tube 4 which is a glass tube with injection and absorption functions and the specification of the toxicity measuring tube 3 is the same; namely, a piston 4.3 matched with the medicine storage tube 4 is arranged in the medicine storage tube 4, and the piston 4.3 comprises a piston plug handle 4.1 and a piston plug head 4.7 arranged at the lower part of the piston plug handle 4.1; the piston plug 4.7 comprises an upper piston circular table 4.8 and a lower piston circular table 4.8 with the same specification and a rubber wafer 4.9 clamped between the two piston circular tables 4.8; the two piston round tables 4.8 are fixedly connected through the rubber round sheet 4.9. For convenient manufacture, the piston plug handle 4.1 and the piston round table 4.8 are made of hard plastics, and the rubber wafer 4.9 is made of soft plastics. The piston plug 4.7 is divided into a piston round table 4.8 and a rubber disc 4.9, so that the rubber disc 4.9 can be replaced.
Furthermore, the 3.3 specification of the measuring tube body of the toxicity measuring tube 3 of the utility model is 3cm in diameter and 6cm in height, and the material is glass; the specification of the feeding net 3.2 is that the height of the round table type iron wire tuck net is set between 2cm and 3cm, and the mesh number is 150 meshes; the pipe plug 3.1 has a bottom diameter of 2.5cm, a top diameter of 3.2cm, a height of 1 cm-3 cm, and is made of cork.
Further, the utility model discloses storage medicine pipe 4.2 superscript of storage medicine pipe 4 is equipped with minimum unit 0.1 ml's scale 4.6, and this scale begins to be established by lower supreme order mark to storage medicine pipe 4.2 bottom.
Furthermore, the bottom of the outer side wall of the toxicity measuring tube 3 of the utility model is provided with a through tube A3.4, and the bottom of the outer side wall of the drug storage tube 4 is provided with a through tube B4.4; the inner diameters of the through pipe A3.4 and the through pipe B4.4 are set to be 0.25 cm-0.35 cm, the through pipe A3.4 and the through pipe B4.4 are communicated through a rubber hose 5, and the inner diameter of the rubber hose 5 is set to be matched with the diameters of the through pipe A and the through pipe B; a gauze A3.5 is arranged in the through pipe A3.4, and a gauze B4.5 is arranged in the through pipe B4.4.
Further, the top of the plug handle 4.1 of the utility model is provided with a serial number mark. The serial number is embedded in the top of the plug handle, and Arabic numerals are used as the serial number.
Furthermore, a groove 6 is arranged between two circular depressions 2 which are arranged in the same row on the objective table 1; a rubber hose 5 is arranged in this groove 6. The groove 6 arranged between the virulence determination tube and the drug storage tube is used for placing the rubber tube on one hand, and on the other hand, the vacuum between the tube body and the objective table is prevented from being generated and the tube body is difficult to take down.
The utility model discloses a method for measuring small-size parasitic wasp adult stomach toxicity by using a small-size parasitic wasp adult stomach toxicity and contact toxicity measuring device, the utility model comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing 6 virulence determination tubes 3 in the object stage 1 and the object stage 1, and separating a determination tube body 3.3, a feeding net 3.2 and a tube plug 3.1; step two, putting a certain amount of small parasitic wasp adults to be tested into a measuring tube body 3.3 of a toxicity measuring tube 3, and putting a feeding net 3.2; step three, mixing the 5 test agents with concentration gradients and 1 blank control into honey water, immersing the honey water into absorbent cotton, then respectively placing the absorbent cotton into a feeding net for 3.2 times, and plugging a pipe plug for 3.1 times; and step four, placing the 6 virulence determination tubes 3 on the objective table 1, placing the objective table in a climatic chamber, and observing and recording the survival condition of the parasitic wasps after 24 hours.
The utility model discloses a method for determining the contact toxicity of small parasitic wasp adults by using a device for determining the stomach toxicity and the contact toxicity of the small parasitic wasp adults, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing an objective table 1, 1 group of 6 virulence determination tubes 3 and 1 group of 6 drug storage tubes 4, connecting the objective table 1 with rubber hoses, and placing the objective table 1 with the 6 drug storage tubes;
step two, preparing 5 test medicaments with concentration gradients in advance and comparing the test medicaments with 1 piece of clear water, and respectively adding 30ml of the test medicaments into 6 medicament storage tubes 4;
step three, simultaneously pressing pistons 4.3 of 6 medicine storage tubes 4 to inject the test medicine and clean water into the toxicity test tube 3;
fourthly, after the test agent is kept still in the toxicity measuring tube 3 for 30 seconds, the piston 4.3 is drawn, so that the test agent is sucked into the drug storage tube 4 again;
fifthly, after the liquid medicine on the inner pipe wall of the toxicity measuring pipe 3 is dried, a medicine film is formed, a certain amount of small parasitic wasp imagoes to be tested are placed into the measuring pipe body 3.3, a feeding net 3.2 containing absorbent cotton with 10% of honey water is placed, and a pipe plug 3.1 is plugged;
and sixthly, placing the 6 virulence determination tubes 3 in a climatic chamber, and observing and recording the survival condition of the parasitic wasps after 24 hours.
Example 1:
the device for measuring the stomach toxicity and the contact toxicity of the small parasitic wasp imago comprises a toxicity measuring tube 3, a medicine storage tube 4 and an object stage 1, wherein the toxicity measuring tube is used as a main experimental place, the medicine storage tube is used for prestoring experimental medicines with different concentrations, and the object stage is used for placing the toxicity measuring tube and the medicine storage tube, so that the transportation is convenient; in order to enable the virulence determination tube and the drug storage tube to move independently, the virulence determination tube 3 and the drug storage tube 4 are movably connected and arranged on the object stage 1; for convenient observation, the toxicity measuring tube 3 and the drug storage tube 4 are made of glass materials; the virulence determination tube 3 comprises a tube body 3.3, a tube plug 3.1 and a feeding net 3.2 which are mutually matched; in order to facilitate positioning and stabilizing, the tube body 3.3 is movably connected in the circular recess 2 of the objective table 1; in order to facilitate fastening, the pipe plug 3.1 is a circular truncated cone in interference fit with the pipe body 3.3, the diameter of the lower end of the circular truncated cone is smaller than that of the pipe orifice of the pipe body 3.3, and the height of the circular truncated cone is set between 1cm and 3 cm; the feeding net 3.2 is a round table type iron wire tuck net which is in interference fit with the pipe body 3.3, the diameter of the lower end of the feeding net is smaller than the diameter of the pipe opening of the pipe body 3.3, the height of the feeding net is set between 2cm and 3cm, the mesh number is 150 meshes, the feeding net 3.2 is set between the pipe body 3.3 and the pipe plug 3.1, and the pipe body of the specific toxicity measuring pipe is a glass pipe with the diameter of 3cm and the height of 6 cm; the pipe plug is made of cork and is a round table with the bottom surface diameter of 2.5cm, the top surface diameter of 3.2cm and the height of 1.5 cm; the feeding net is a circular table type iron wire net bag with the bottom surface diameter of 2.2cm, the top surface diameter of 3.2cm and the height of 2.5cm, the mesh number is 150 meshes, the volume size of the toxicity measuring tube 3 ensures the activity space of parasitic wasp adults, and the feeding net is not suitable for experiments when the feeding net is too large or too small; absorbent cotton soaked with 10% of honey water is placed inside the feeding net, and the parasitic wasp adults can take the honey water through the gaps of the wire net; when measuring the toxicity of stomach, 10% honey water is mixed with the test agent and then soaked in absorbent cotton for feeding.
Example 2:
on the basis of the above embodiment, in the present embodiment, the stage 1 is set to be long: width: the height =25cm:10cm:2cm, the better choice is that the material is wood, the wooden objective table 1 is convenient for the placement of the toxicity measuring tube 3 and the medicine storage tube 4, the slipping phenomenon is not easy to occur, and for convenience of positioning and fixing, the round depressions 2 are arranged on the objective table to ensure that the toxicity measuring tube 3 and the medicine storage tube 4 are not easy to move when being placed, in order to adjust the objective table 1 according to actual needs in the experiment process, the round depressions 2 are arranged in 2 rows, the number of the round depressions is more than 4, the diameter of the round depressions is 2cm to 4cm, the more concrete round depressions 2 are arranged in 2 rows and 12 rows, and the diameter of the round depressions is preferably 3 cm. The 2 rows of circular depressions 2 on the objective table can be placed with 6 groups of tests at the same time, 5 concentration gradients of the same medicament can be simultaneously tested, the treatment time of the medicament with each gradient concentration in the virulence measurement tube is ensured to be the same, the test errors caused by different treatment times of each concentration gradient are reduced, meanwhile, according to different test requirements, the total length of the circular depressions 2 in the objective table 1 does not exceed the arm stretching of human body transportation according to the human body aesthetic engineering, and the optimal arrangement is 2 rows and 12 in total.
Example 3:
on the basis of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, in order to facilitate the dosing, the drug storage tube 4 is set as a glass tube with injection and suction functions, which has the same specification as the virulence determination tube 3, and the drug storage tube with injection and suction functions is used for injecting and taking the drug from the virulence determination tube, so that the direct contact between a person and the pesticide is avoided, and the safety of test operators is ensured.
Example 4:
on the basis of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, a piston 4.3 adapted to the drug storage tube 4 is arranged in the drug storage tube 4 for suction, a stopper handle 4.1 is arranged on the piston 4.3, the stopper handle 4.1 is made of PVC and is convenient to take, the piston 4.3 is made of rubber, a scale 4.6 with a minimum unit of 0.1ml is marked on the tube body of the drug storage tube 4, more specifically, the diameter of the piston is set to be 3cm, and the scale on the tube wall of the drug storage tube is set to ensure the accurate control of the metering of the test drug; the pipe wall of the toxicity measuring pipe is not provided with scales so as to ensure that the pipe body is transparent and facilitate the observation of toxicity measuring results.
Example 5:
on the basis of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, the bottom of the outer side wall of the virulence determination tube 3 is provided with a through tube a3.4, and the bottom of the outer side wall of the drug storage tube 4 is provided with a through tube B4.4; the inner diameters of the through pipe A3.4 and the through pipe B4.4 are set to be 0.25 cm-0.35 cm, the through pipe A3.4 and the through pipe B4.4 are communicated through a rubber hose 5, and the inner diameter of the rubber hose 5 is set to be matched with the diameters of the through pipe A and the through pipe B; a gauze A3.5 is arranged in the through pipe A3.4, and a gauze B4.5 is arranged in the through pipe B4.4. More specifically, the inner diameters of the through pipe A3.4 and the through pipe B4.4 are preferably 0.3, the lengths of the through pipe A and the through pipe B are preferably 3cm, the rubber hose 5 is arranged to facilitate mutual transfer of test agents between the toxicity measuring pipe 3 and the drug storage pipe 4, and the gauze B4.5 of the drug storage pipe is arranged to prevent undissolved agents or particles from being injected into the toxicity measuring pipe to influence the test; the gauze A3.5 of the toxicity determination tube is arranged to prevent parasitic wasps from escaping through the drug injection port and entering the hose.
Example 6:
on the basis of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, for the convenience of preventing confusion during experiments, the top of the stopper handle is provided with a serial number, more specifically, the serial number is embedded in the top of the stopper handle, Arabic numerals are used as the serial number, and two circular recesses 2 communicated with a groove are arranged between the virulence determination tube and the drug storage tube, so that the two circular recesses are used for placing a rubber tube on one hand, and on the other hand, the tube body and the objective table are prevented from being vacuumed and difficult to take down.
Example 7:
on the basis of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, the method for determining the stomach toxicity of the small parasitic wasp imago by using the apparatus for determining the stomach toxicity and the contact toxicity of the parasitic wasp imago comprises the following steps: step one, preparing 6 virulence determination tubes 3 in the object stage 1 and the object stage 1, and separating a tube body 3.3, a feeding net 3.2 and a tube plug 3.1; step two, putting a certain amount of small parasitic wasp adults to be tested into a tube body 3.3 of the toxicity determination tube 3, and putting a feeding net 3.2; step three, mixing the 5 concentration gradient test agents and the 1 blank contrast into honey water, immersing absorbent cotton, then respectively placing the absorbent cotton into a feeding net for 3.2 times, and plugging a pipe plug for 3.1 times; and step four, placing the 6 virulence determination tubes 3 on the objective table 1, placing the objective table in a climatic chamber, and observing and recording the survival condition of the parasitic wasps after 24 hours.
Example 8:
on the basis of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, the method for measuring the contact toxicity of the small parasitic wasp imago by using the apparatus for measuring the stomach toxicity and contact toxicity of the small parasitic wasp imago includes the following steps:
in the first step of the method,
preparing an objective table 1, 1 group of 6 toxicity measuring tubes 3, and 1 group of 6 drug storage tubes 4, which are respectively connected by rubber hoses and then are placed on the objective table 1;
step two, preparing 5 test medicaments with concentration gradients in advance and comparing the test medicaments with 1 piece of clear water, and respectively adding 30ml of the test medicaments into 6 medicine storage tubes 4;
step three, simultaneously pressing the pistons of the 6 medicine storage tubes 4 to inject the test agent into the toxicity determination tube 3;
fourthly, after the test agent is kept still in the toxicity measuring tube 3 for 30 seconds, the piston 4.3 is drawn, so that the test agent is sucked into the drug storage tube 4 again;
fifthly, after the liquid medicine on the inner pipe wall of the toxicity testing pipe 3 is dried, the medicine film is formed, a certain amount of small parasitic wasp imagoes to be tested are put into the pipe body, a feeding net 3.2 containing absorbent cotton with 10% of hydromel is placed, and a pipe plug 3.1 is plugged.
Detailed description of the embodiments
(1) The experimental device is as follows:
briefly, the following steps are carried out: the virulence determination device comprises a virulence determination tube, a drug storage tube and an objective table, wherein the virulence determination tube and the drug storage tube are both 6cm high and 3cm in diameter and are connected and arranged on the objective table through a rubber hose; a feeding net is arranged in the toxicity measuring pipe to provide food for parasitic wasps; the medicine storage tube has the functions of injection and suction, and the tube wall is provided with scales.
(2) The insect source, the medicament and the test operation for the test are as follows:
the tested insect sources were drosophila hammer angle muskmelon and encarsia formosa.
The drosophila hammer angle muskmelon is collected in a waxberry garden at the tail of a county in the west mountain of Kunming city in Yunnan province, and is bred in a laboratory after being collected, a host insect is provided to be the drosophila mackerel, and the host insect is bred by bananas. Collecting pupa of Musca maculata parasitized by Musca hammermissi
Raising in an artificial climate box, and collecting the fruit fly hammer angle hornet imagoes within 24h of emergence by using an insect suction pipe for use in the test. The Encarsia formosa is collected from cowpeas of Kunming City in Yunnan province, and is bred in a laboratory after collection, the host insect is provided as bemisia tabaci, and is bred by cotton plants. Adult encarsia formosa within 24h of emergence was collected by a trematode duct for use in the experiment. The artificial climate box (BIC-300, shanghai bocap industries ltd) was set to a temperature of 25 ℃, a humidity of 60% -70%, an illumination intensity of 60%, and a light cycle of L: D =14: 10.
Reagent to be tested: 60g/L spinetoram suspension concentrate (Yinong, Dow, USA); 70% acetamiprid water dispersible granule (Ningbo Sanjiang agricultural chemical Co., Ltd.); 25g/L of lambda-cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate (Bayer AG); 0.3% matrine aqua (Hebei Kuda biological products, Inc.); 5% Avermectin emulsifiable concentrate (Hebeibojia agricultural Co., Ltd.); a 10% imidacloprid wettable powder (Nanjing Red Sun Co., Ltd.); 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granules (mr. switzerland crop protection limited); 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate (Huayu pesticide Co., Ltd., Tianjin).
Test one: the contact toxicity of the pesticide on the fruit fly hornet wasps is determined by using 4 different types of pesticides respectively. And adding clean water into the converted pesticide for dissolving and diluting, then performing a pre-test, and determining the concentration range of the used pesticide as the corrected mortality concentration range of 10% -90% according to the result. Within this range, the stock solutions of the test agents were diluted to 5 different gradient concentrations, with clear water as the experimental control, and 3 replicates of each concentration value were set. Pouring diluted medicines with different concentrations into the medicine storage tube, pressing the piston at the same time to inject the medicines into the toxicity measuring tube, making the inner wall of the toxicity measuring tube fully contact with the medicine liquid, staying for 10s, sucking out the medicine liquid, replacing a new toxicity measuring tube, injecting the medicines again, and repeating the steps for 3 times. The 3 replicate virulence tubes were then allowed to air dry at room temperature, allowing the inner wall to form a drug film. Transferring the fruit fly hornet wasp imagoes within 24h of emergence into a toxicity measuring tube with a drug film, transferring each toxicity measuring tube into 10 male bees and 10 female bees, placing each treatment in a climatic chamber for feeding, checking and recording survival conditions of the fruit fly hornet wasp imagoes under each medicament and each concentration treatment after the fruit fly hornet wasp imagoes freely crawl in the toxicity measuring tube for 24h, lightly tapping the tube wall of the tube with a finger during observation, lightly touching the insect body with a hairbrush, and recording the death condition if the fruit fly hornet wasp imagoes do not move for two times.
And (2) test II: the toxicity to the stomach of encarsia formosa is measured by using 4 different types of pesticides respectively. And adding clean water into the converted pesticide for dissolving and diluting, then performing a pre-test, and determining the concentration range of the used pesticide as the corrected mortality concentration range of 10% -90% according to the result. Within this range, the stock solutions of the test agents were diluted to 5 different gradient concentrations, with clear water as the experimental control, and 3 replicates of each concentration value were set. Mixing the agents with the treatment concentration into 10% honey water, immersing the mixture into absorbent cotton, putting the mixture into a feeding room, transferring the encarsia formosa imagoes within 24h of eclosion into toxicity measuring tubes, transferring each toxicity measuring tube into 30 encarsia formosa imagoes, putting each treatment into a manual climatic chamber for feeding, checking and recording the survival condition of the encarsia formosa imagoes under the treatment of each agent and each concentration after the encarsia formosa imagoes freely move in the toxicity measuring tubes for 24h, tapping the tube walls of the finger tubes during observation, and touching the insect body with a fine hairbrush pen, wherein the death is recorded when the insects are not moved for two times.
Data analysis Using SPSS20.0, a regression equation of virulence of each agent was calculated for Drosophila hammer-horn Aphidius and Encarsia formosa, resulting in
The value of the concentration in death (LC 50) and the 95% confidence interval.
(3) Contact toxicity of different types of pesticides on fruit fly hammer angle muslims
TABLE 1 contact toxicity of different types of pesticides on fruit fly hornet
In the used medicament, the high-efficiency cyfluthrin has the highest toxicity to female imagoes of drosophila hammer angle vespid, and the LC50 value range is 18.441-21.383mg.L-1The female imagoes of the fruit fly hornet are most sensitive to the beta-cyfluthrin. Secondly, matrine, LC50 value range is 20.498-27.124mg-1The LC50 value of acetamiprid is 171.651-299.183mg-1. The spinetoram has lowest toxicity to female imagoes of drosophila hammer-horn leptospermum, and the LC50 value range is 187.683-265.261mg-1(Table 1).
The 4 medicaments have similar toxicity to male imagoes of drosophila hammer-horn aphelidermia mellifera as female insects, the toxicity of the high-efficiency cyfluthrin is the highest, and the LC50 value range is 16.936-19.532mg-1The fact shows that the male imagoes of the fruit fly hornet wasps are most sensitive to the beta-cyfluthrin. Secondly, matrine, LC50 value range is 16.606-21.004mg-1The LC50 value of acetamiprid is 113.304-188.276mg-1. The spinetoram has lowest toxicity to female imagoes of drosophila hammer-horn leptospermum, and the LC50 value range is 143.327-224.492mg-1(Table 1).
(4) Stomach toxicity of different types of pesticides to encarsia formosa
TABLE 2 stomach toxicity of different types of pesticides on Encarsia formosa
The stomach toxicity of the 4 agents against the adult encarsia formosa is shown in table 2. The 4 medicaments have the highest toxicity of the avermectin, and the LC50 value range is 0.838-1.812mg.L-1It is demonstrated that the adult Encarsia formosa is most sensitive to abamectin. Secondly, imidacloprid, LC50 value range is 4.925-7.323mg-1The range of the LC50 value of phoxim is 6.312-8.451mg-1. Thiamethoxam to encarsia formosa imagoHas the lowest toxicity, and the LC50 value ranges from 0.838 to 1.812mg.L-1。
Experiments show that the device of the utility model is scientific and effective, and does not have the phenomena of resource waste, confusion and the like in the experimental process. The experimental data measured by the method steps of the utility model can completely meet the requirements of scientific research operation, and can provide accurate experimental reference for the measurement of the stomach toxicity, contact poisoning and the combined toxicity of various small parasitic wasps.
Although the invention has been described herein with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this invention. More specifically, various variations and modifications are possible in the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the disclosure, the drawings and the appended claims. In addition to variations and modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements, other uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. A device for measuring the stomach toxicity and contact toxicity of small parasitic wasp adults is characterized in that: the determination device comprises an object stage (1), a virulence determination tube (3) and a drug storage tube (4); the virulence determination tube (3) and the drug storage tube (4) are movably connected and arranged on the objective table (1); the sizes of the toxicity determination tube (3) and the drug storage tube (4) are matched with the objective table (1); the virulence determination tube (3) comprises a determination tube body (3.3), a tube plug (3.1) and a feeding net (3.2) which are mutually matched; a plurality of circular depressions (2) are uniformly arranged on the objective table (1); the tube body (3.3) of the measuring tube is movably connected in the circular recess (2) of the objective table (1); the pipe plug (3.1) is a round table in interference fit with the measuring pipe body (3.3), and the diameter of the lower end of the pipe plug (3.1) is smaller than the diameter of the pipe orifice of the measuring pipe body (3.3); the feeding net (3.2) is arranged into a round table type iron wire tuck which is in interference fit with the measuring pipe body (3.3), the diameter of the lower end of the feeding net is smaller than the diameter of the pipe opening of the measuring pipe body (3.3), and the feeding net (3.2) is arranged between the measuring pipe body (3.3) and the pipe plug (3.1).
2. The apparatus for determining the stomach toxicity and the contact toxicity of the small parasitic wasp imago according to claim 1, wherein: the specification of the objective table (1) is set as long: width: the height is 25cm to 10cm to 2cm, the material is wood, and the circular depressions (2) on the object stage (1) are arranged in 2 rows.
3. The apparatus for determining the stomach toxicity and the contact toxicity of the small parasitic wasp imago according to claim 1, wherein: the drug storage tube (4) is a glass tube with injection and suction functions and the specification of the toxicity determination tube (3) and the like; namely, a piston (4.3) matched with the medicine storage tube (4) is arranged in the medicine storage tube (4), and the piston (4.3) comprises a piston plug handle (4.1) and a piston plug head (4.7) arranged at the lower part of the piston plug handle (4.1); the piston plug (4.7) comprises an upper piston round table and a lower piston round table (4.8) with the same specification and a rubber circular sheet (4.9) clamped between the two piston round tables (4.8); the two piston round tables (4.8) are fixedly connected through the rubber round sheet (4.9).
4. The apparatus for determining the stomach toxicity and the contact toxicity of the small parasitic wasp imago according to claim 1, wherein: the specification of a measuring tube body (3.3) of the toxicity measuring tube (3) is that the diameter is 3cm, the height is 6cm, and the material is glass; the specification of the feeding net (3.2) is that the height of the round table type iron wire tuck is set between 2cm and 3cm, and the mesh number is 150 meshes; the specification of the pipe plug (3.1) is that the diameter of the bottom surface is 2.5cm, the diameter of the top surface is 3.2cm, the height is set between 1cm and 3cm, and the pipe plug is made of cork.
5. The apparatus for determining the stomach toxicity and the contact toxicity of the small parasitic wasp adults according to claim 1 or 3, which is characterized in that: the body (4.2) of the medicine storage tube (4) is marked with a scale (4.6) with a minimum unit of 0.1ml, and the scale is marked from bottom to top in sequence from the bottom to the bottom of the body (4.2) of the medicine storage tube.
6. The apparatus for determining the stomach toxicity and the contact toxicity of the small parasitic wasp adults according to claim 1 or 3, which is characterized in that: a through pipe A (3.4) is arranged at the bottom of the outer side wall of the toxicity determination pipe (3), and a through pipe B (4.4) is arranged at the bottom of the outer side wall of the drug storage pipe (4); the inner diameters of the through pipe A (3.4) and the through pipe B (4.4) are set to be 0.25 cm-0.35 cm, the through pipe A (3.4) is communicated with the through pipe B (4.4) through an arranged rubber hose (5), and the inner diameter of the rubber hose (5) is set to be matched with the diameters of the through pipe A and the through pipe B; a gauze A (3.5) is arranged in the through pipe A (3.4), and a gauze B (4.5) is arranged in the through pipe B (4.4).
7. The apparatus for determining the stomach toxicity and the contact toxicity of the small parasitic wasp imago according to claim 3, wherein: the top of the plug handle (4.1) is provided with a serial number mark.
8. The apparatus for determining the stomach toxicity and the contact toxicity of the small parasitic wasp adults according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: a groove (6) is arranged between two circular depressions (2) which are arranged in the same row on the objective table (1); the rubber hose (5) is arranged in the groove (6).
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| CN109845705B (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2024-06-04 | 云南农业大学 | Small parasitic wasp adult stomach toxicity and contact toxicity measuring device and using method |
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