CN210204476U - 一种炊具 - Google Patents

一种炊具 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN210204476U
CN210204476U CN201790000697.XU CN201790000697U CN210204476U CN 210204476 U CN210204476 U CN 210204476U CN 201790000697 U CN201790000697 U CN 201790000697U CN 210204476 U CN210204476 U CN 210204476U
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
graphite
cookware
layer
intermediate layer
article
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CN201790000697.XU
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English (en)
Inventor
Southard John
约翰·索瑟德
Wayne Ryan
里安·韦恩
Weber Thomas
托马斯·韦伯
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Xinyufu Solutions Co Ltd
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Xinyufu Solutions Co Ltd
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    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J36/00—Parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels
    • A47J36/02—Selection of specific materials, e.g. heavy bottoms with copper inlay or with insulating inlay
    • A47J36/04—Selection of specific materials, e.g. heavy bottoms with copper inlay or with insulating inlay the materials being non-metallic
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    • A47J36/00—Parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels
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Abstract

本公开中包括炊具以及其他加热制品。该制品可具有形成炊具的底表面的基板。该制品还可具有石墨的中间层以及布置在中间层以上的烹饪/加热表面。石墨层可具有一个或多个以下性质：(1)密度至少为0.64g/cm3；(2)在环境条件下浸水2.5小时之后，吸水率小于重量的30％；(3)纵向方向上的Taber刚度比横向方向上至少高25％；和(4)含硫量小于350ppm，以及它们的任意组合。根据本申请的炊具能够带来增大面内热导率、均匀的热传递、消除热点等技术效果。

Description

一种炊具
技术领域
本公开内容涉及用于烹饪或加热应用的制品的领域，以及包括石墨的中间层的具体实例，诸如，炊具制品或实验室器皿。
背景技术
现有技术的炊具类型包括以下各项：(1)设计用于感应烹饪的高铁素体不锈钢组合物；(2)设计用于传导加热的普通不锈钢；(3)涂覆或包覆有用于感应烹饪的高铁素体不锈钢的金属；以及(4)玻璃或陶瓷炊具。
实用新型内容
本文中公开的实施方式包括炊具以及可以用于加热物体的其他制品。在一个实施方式中，制品可具有包括炊具的底表面的基板。该炊具还可以具有石墨中间层以及布置在中间层之上的烹饪表面。优选地，石墨层可具有一个或多个以下性质：(1)密度至少为0.64g/cm3；(2)在环境条件下浸水2.5小时之后，吸水率小于30重量％；(3)“纵向方向”上的Taber 刚度比“横向方向”上至少高25％；以及(4)含硫量小于400ppm。可选地，石墨可具有这些性质的任意组合。
根据本申请的一个实施方式，提供了一种炊具，包括：基板，包括底表面，所述基板的底表面为所述炊具的底表面；中间层，包括具有小于350 ppm的含硫量的石墨层；以及烹饪表面，布置在所述中间层之上。
进一步地，石墨具有至少0.64g/cm3的密度。
进一步地，所述含硫量不多于200ppm。
进一步地，所述炊具进一步包括布置在所述基板和所述中间层之间的绝缘层。
进一步地，所述基板具有小于约75W/mK的穿透平面热导率。
进一步地，所述基板包括支持所述中间层的石墨的结构体系。
进一步地，石墨的在所述石墨层的纵向方向上的Taber刚度比在所述石墨层的横向方向上至少大30％。
进一步地，所述石墨层的吸水率在环境压力下浸入室温水2.5小时之后小于重量的30％。
进一步地，所述炊具进一步包括内嵌在所述石墨层内的金属丝网。
进一步地，石墨包括膨胀石墨的压缩粒子的片、石墨化聚合物的片、及其组合的片中的至少一个。
本文中公开的每个实施方式可以提供以下技术效果中的至少一个： (1)增大面内热导率；(2)均匀的热传递；(3)消除热点；(4)随着时间的过去尺寸变化减少；(5)炊具翘曲减少；(6)炊具的污损减少；(7) 炊具的去色减少；(8)因此在感应烹饪期间减少振动并且消除产生的噪声； (9)炊具上的涂层呈现较长的寿命；(10)成本减少；(11)重量减少；(12) 消除用于感应烹饪必需使用高铁素体类不锈钢；(13)简化的体系结构；以及(14)相对于加热和/或降温的任何一个中的热引导，炊具具有改进的解决方案。
应当理解，以上概述和以下详细描述提供了本实用新型的实施方式，并且旨在提供对所要求保护的本实用新型的本质和特性的了解的概述或结构。包括附图以提供对本实用新型的进一步理解，该附图结合到本说明书中并且构成本说明书的一部分。附图示出了本实用新型的各种实施方式并且连同说明用以描述本实用新型的原理和操作。
附图说明
图1a示出了可以用于加热的本文中公开的石墨制品的实施方式；
图1b示出了本文中公开的具有金属丝网的石墨制品的另一个实施方式，
图2是与用于加热标准炊具的内容物的标准炊具结合的图1a中示出的实施方式的立体图；
图3是示出了炊具内部的图la中示出的实施方式的内部视图；
图4是本文中描述的另一个实施方式的局部截面图；
图5是本文中公开的又一实施方式的局部截面图；
图6是示出了可以用于烹饪的感应加热的本文中公开的实施方式的示意图；以及
图7a是表格(TABLE IIa)，图7b是表格(TABLE IIb)，它们是示出了本文中公开的石墨制品的实施方式的煮沸条件与时间的表格。
具体实施方式
本文中公开的一个实施方式包括炊具制品。炊具制品可具有基板，该基板包括炊具的底表面。该炊具进一步包括包含石墨层的中间层；以及布置在中间层之上的烹饪表面。石墨层可包括膨胀石墨的压缩粒子、石墨化聚合物或它们的组合中的至少一个片。可选地，中间层可包括以它们任意组合的多个石墨片。
石墨层可具有一个或多个以下性质：(1)密度至少为0.64g/cm3，高达约2.25g/cm3(包括其间的任意密度)；(2)在环境条件下浸水2.5小时之后吸水率小于重量的30％。优选地，小于重量的28％；(3)纵向方向上的Taber刚度比横向方向上至少高25％，优选地，至少高30％；以及(4) 含硫量小于375ppm，优选地，小于250ppm并且更优选地小于200ppm。 LecoS-144DR可以用于确定样品的含硫量。Leco S-144DR是用于分析特定样品的总含硫量的系统。它的下端检测极限为约50ppm。测量Taber刚度的设备可以从纽约州北托纳旺达的Taber公司获得。吸水率可以通过测量在指定条件下石墨层浸入水中前后的重量的变化来确定。
在具体实施方式中，石墨制品包括足量的磁敏感材料，使得成功耦合至利用如通过至少15KHz的频率以产生热量的方式传递的足够的电力产生的施加磁场。在一个实施方式中，高达约50KHz，可能甚至高达70KHz。足量的石墨的一个实例是石墨层具有至少7微米的厚度。在至少一个示例性实施方式中，厚度的上限可以是约5mm。用于烹饪的最大频率的实例不大于100KHz。
在又一实施方式中，中间层的石墨层具有包括至少七平方英寸(7-in2) 的表面面积。一般地，石墨层不可具有大于1平方米(1m2)的表面面积。用于石墨层的具体足迹大小的实例一般从78到452平方英寸(in2)分别用于5(5″)至12(12″)英寸直径的盘子。一些具体实例包括具有在300 至390平方英寸(in2)的范围内的足迹(footpring，占地面积)的石墨层。
在另一个实施方式中，石墨层可以是从直径为三英寸至十二英寸 (3″-12″)的任何数量的直径的石墨盘一起压缩的单个制品的形式。该制品可以由二至十(2-10)层的膨胀石墨的压缩粒子形成。对于示例性密度 0.85g/cm3来说，用于每层石墨的示例性厚度可以为5密耳。
在一个具体实施方式中，石墨中间层可以作为抗磁性材料，该抗磁性材料呈现产生强加磁场的相对感应场的磁化感受性。
在其他具体实施方式中，石墨中间层可以放置为与其他薄膜层接触，诸如，铜、铝、银、铁(也称为钢)及其合金的金属薄膜，以便改变施加磁场的相互作用并且因此提供制定具体热响应的方法。任何具体金属薄膜的厚度可以从约5微米高达约0.5mm(500微米)。
在其他具体实施方式中，石墨中间层可包括内嵌其内的一个或多个金属丝网。用于金属丝网的合适的材料可包括铝、黄铜、钶、铜、金、铬镍铁合金、镍、镍合金、磷、青铜、铂、银、不锈钢、低碳钢、钽、钛、锌、锆、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、PTFE、PFA、ECTFE、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、PET(诸如但不限于
Figure 843456DEST_PATH_GDA0002334424530000052
注册商标DuPont的)及其组合。在石墨中间层内包括金属丝网使石墨能够容易地形成为3D形状，以用于结合到另一个制品中。
石墨具有与制造炊具中普遍使用的铁磁性材料明显不同的热性质、密度计和磁性质。采用石墨的炊具可具有一个或多个优势：(1)重量轻、(2) 热响应和(3)热均匀烹饪。这些优势可以在所有表面烹饪技术(例如，煤气、传统电气、红外线和感应灶具)中起到良好的作用。参见以下表1 的性质差别：
表1
Figure 26176DEST_PATH_GDA0002334424530000051
Figure 9176DEST_PATH_GDA0002334424530000061
相对于本文中描述的实施方式，与石墨的热性能相关的所考虑的其他性质包括摩尔热容和容积比热容。这种性质可以是特定材料可以多快达到并释放其热量的良好指示器，因此展现石墨的热响应优势。
石墨的替换类型可包括等压模压石墨、挤压石墨、泡沫石墨、铸型石墨或它们的组合中的至少一个。
可选地，炊具制品可以进一步包括布置在基板和中间层之间的绝缘材料。可以可选地结合到炊具中的绝缘材料包括气凝胶、玻璃棉、纤维玻璃、碳纤维、泡沫碳、高温塑料或陶瓷绝缘和/或石墨烯。
基板可以包括不足量的铁磁性材料以通过感应烹饪。可替换地，基板可以包括非磁性材料。为了本实用新型的目的，非磁性材料是不会以产生足以烹饪/加热的可估计热响应的方式响应于所施加磁场的材料。如果由此构造的制品在给定的标准温度和压力的初始条件下每分钟产生小于2℃的热增加，该材料可以认为是用于烹饪或加热目的的非磁性材料。
在另一个实施方式中，基板可具有小于约75W/mK的穿透平面热导率。这种材料的非限制性实例包括低铁素体不锈钢、玻璃(例如，硼硅玻璃)、陶瓷、塑料、软木塞、木材或其他材料，当暴露于上述磁场时，通过它们的磁性质将不会产生如通过个别热稳定性限制(即，熔点或分解温度)来描述的上能量阈值。可以一起或单独实践这些实施方式。如果期望具有更高的热导率的材料，则选项可包括铝、铜、银和/或其他金属及其合金。
适用于上述实施方式的炊具的实例包括烤盘、炖锅、煎锅、电饭锅、烤架、爆玉米花机、咖啡壶、烧水壶、咖啡杯、平底煎锅和汤碗。炊具可用于对流、导电、红外线或感应加热。本文中公开的原理还适用于烹饪表面，诸如，炉灶顶或烹饪顶部。在这种实施方式中，石墨层将是底层和顶表面之间的中间层。顶表面可起到传热层的作用，将热量传递至待加热的制品，而不是与待烹饪的食物或液体接触的实际表面。
在炊具的具体实施方式中，基板包括支持石墨中间层的结构体系。该结构体系包括不足量的磁敏感材料，当该磁敏感材料暴露于磁场时从而该磁场穿过结构体系，以产生适用于烹饪的热响应。中间层中的石墨具有当暴露于磁场时的有效量的磁化率。磁化率因此产生施加至炊具的烹饪表面的热量，因此将热量从炊具传输至食物或者正在烹饪或加热的其他内容物。
可以各种方式使用炊具中的可选绝缘材料，例如，关于具有侧壁的炊具，绝缘材料可以贯穿炊具的侧壁均匀地布置。另一个可选实施方式，绝缘材料可以均匀布置在中间层下方或者非均匀地布置在中间层下方。在又一可选实施方式中，绝缘材料可以沿着中间层的厚度延伸。
本文中公开的炊具的实施方式包括嵌入铝内的前述的石墨、和/或低铁素体不锈钢或者当暴露于上述磁场时不借助于它们的磁性质产生热量上阈值的其他金属或合金。本实施方式具体应用于至少以下类型的炊具：沸腾辅助板、炊具适配器、扩散板、保温汤碗、食品器具、电饭锅、爆玉米花机、感应烤架加热元件、感应炉灶加热元件、感应咖啡壶、感应茶水壶、感应咖啡杯和感应食物贮藏容器；以及前述类型的炊具。
本文中公开的炊具的另一个实施方式包括嵌入硼硅玻璃、铝硅玻璃、氧化物玻璃、玻璃陶瓷、或其他高温玻璃或陶瓷材料内的前述石墨以便能够经由暴露于上述磁场生热。该实施方式还适用于以上段落描述的上述类型的炊具。适用于至少上述类型的炊具的另一实施方式包括嵌入高密度聚乙烯或低密度聚乙烯(HOPE或LDPE)、其他高温塑料、或高温塑性复合材料(例如，石墨纤维复合材料)内的前述石墨以便能够通过暴露于磁场而生热。
本文中公开的石墨可具有有益材料性质的独特组合：(1)耦合至磁场、 (2)放热、(3)理想的热容(即，能够迅速达到和释放热量)、以及(4) 相对于其他潜在材料是低密度的(提升轻重量性的制品)。
根据示意图进一步示出和说明了本文中公开的原理。现在参考图la，大体上以10'示出了可以用于加热的本文中公开的石墨制品的实施方式。石墨制品10'可包括内部的石墨部分12。部分12可以是任何期望的形状。优选地，部分12具有至少7微米的厚度。部分12可以由任何上述石墨类型或其组合构成。装饰件14可以围绕部分12。装饰件14可以优选地由将不足以与磁场耦合的任何材料构成。另外的装饰件14可以由包括但不限于玻璃、塑料或陶瓷的任何绝缘材料构成。
现在参考图lb，大体上以10″示出了石墨制品的另一个实施方式。石墨制品10"包括如上所述的将金属丝网13内嵌在其内的内部的石墨部分 12。金属丝网13由以上描述的材料形成。应当理解，可以包括由相同材料或不同材料形成的多于一个金属丝网13。在石墨部分12内包括的金属丝网13使石墨部分能够容易地形成为3D形状，以用于结合到另一个制品中。如上所述，装饰件14可以围绕部分12。
石墨制品10'和10"通常可以被称为石墨制品10。
如图2所示，平底锅20可以位于制品10的顶部上以用于加热平底锅内部的材料。石墨制品10可以位于感应加热表面或电阻加热表面(未示出)上，以便将热量应用于平底锅20。如图2所示，石墨物品10可以位于平底锅20以下，以便加热平底锅20内部的物品，或者如图3所示，制品10可以位于平底锅20内部以便加热平底锅20的内容物。
图4是本文中描述的另一个实施方式的局部截面图。图4中示出的是炖锅40，该炖锅包括烹饪表面42和石墨中间层44和基板46。如所示，烹饪表面42和基板46可以由金属、玻璃、陶瓷或精选的其他材料构成；然而，任何上述实施方式可以应用于平底锅40。同等地，关于中间层的上述描述还应用于中间层44。如图5所示，这个原理还可以应用于罐50，同样地，该罐包括烹饪表面52、中间层54和基板56。
图6是本文中公开的实施方式的示意图，示出了可以用于烹饪的总体以60示出的感应加热组件。感应加热组件60包括感应炉盘62。电力施加至感应炉盘62产生一般具有大于15KHz的频率的磁场。
进一步地，在图6中，加热元件64可包括外壳66。外壳66可以封装元件64的其他部件。元件64可包括紧邻感应炉盘62的绝缘材料67。元件64可以进一步包括与感应炉盘62相对的侧面上的邻近绝缘材料67的石墨层68。优选地，石墨层68包括充足厚度以便允许它的磁化率有效耦合，使得当暴露于由炉盘62产生的磁场时产生热量。
现在参考图7a、图7b，提供了示出用于本文中描述的石墨制品的各种实施方式的煮沸时间信息的表格IIa和IIb。压缩膨胀的天然石墨具有小于350ppm的硫含量，在实施方式中，分析了具有1和5层之间的天然石墨。另外，分析了具有1和6层之间的人造石墨。表格IIa和IIb示出了这些实施方式的有效石墨烯层数的煮沸时间。
本文中公开的炊具的实施方式还可以应用于实验室器具(“实验器具 (labware)”)或者在液体、气体或固体的快速加热中将是理想的工业处理设备。适当液体的实例可以从水至合成或有机聚合物。可具有炊具之外的应用的制品的实例将包括前述基板、前述石墨层和布置在石墨层以上的上表面。这个制品的非限制性实例可适用于包括烧杯、烧瓶等。与炊具实施方式相同，在这些实施方式中，石墨层将是在与工件(固体和/或液体) 接触的实验室器具的工作面热连通中的中间层。可选地，绝缘层可以包括与实验室器具的工作面相对的石墨层。
所考虑的特定实施方式可包括具有夹在玻璃和/或陶瓷层之间的石墨中间层的制品。可选地，这个实施方式可包括绝缘层。优选地，绝缘层在邻近于石墨层的一位置中以便促进热量传递至正在加热或烹饪的工件。这种位置的实例可包括离感应炉盘最近的石墨层和/或沿着石墨层的围缘的表面。在一个实施方式中，绝缘体可以起到隔离和在单个方向上引导热量的热传递的作用，因此在期望的热效应的方向上优化热传递效率并且在一个或多个非期望方向上屏蔽热传递。
至于工业应用实例，石墨可以形成用于热压机的压板。因此石墨压板可以应用于待压制的工件。该石墨与工件处于热连通中。此外，感应炉盘与压板处于连通中并且用于产生磁场，因此产生热压工件的热量。石墨的适当类型的压板包括柔性石墨(浸透树脂、非浸透树脂和它们的任意组合)、等压模压石墨、铸型石墨、或挤压石墨或一些其他适当等级的结构石墨的层压材料，它们可以用作感应敏感源材料。这个过程可以用于制作平面以及非平面制品。倘若如此期望，则每个压板可具有它自身的感应炉盘。
本文中设想的另一个实施方式包括布置在上表面和下基板之间的石墨片、膨胀石墨的任意压缩粒子、石墨化聚合物或其组合。绝缘体可以位于石墨片和下基板之间。上基板、石墨片、绝缘层和下基板的这个组件可以结合到可以期望感应加热的任何类型的制品中。优选地，下基板布置为更靠近感应线圈并且组件的上基板离待加热的工件最近。至于可替换的实施方式，倘若如此期望，石墨片可以由对与磁场耦合敏感以产生热量的另一材料替换。此外，除了不是对磁场耦合敏感以产生热量的材料之外，下基板不限于任何具体材料。在这个实施方式中，石墨片可以从标准材料至上述类型的石墨。
就使用大量膨胀石墨的压缩粒子(“CPEG”)感应磁场的一些优选实施方式而言，独立的示例性性质的实例可包括具有至少300μm的厚度的石墨的块。已经确认CPEG的块的适当厚度高达约1.5mm(1500μm)。本文中公开了预期的300μm和1500μm之间的全部厚度。优选地，CPEG 的块具有大于1.22g/cc的密度。就石墨烯层面感应磁场而言，CPEG的块中的示例性数量的层面至少为425,000。石墨烯的层面上限数(upper beyond number)的实例高达约3,000,000。尽管本文中预期了425,000和 3,000,000之间所有数量的石墨层面，但是石墨烯的层面的一个优选的范围为100,000至180,000。
就石墨化聚合物实施方式而言，优选的厚度为至少45μm。石墨化聚合物的块的厚度的上限不大于300μm；本文中预期了45和300μm之间的所有厚度。石墨化聚合物的块中的石墨烯的层面的优选数量包括至少 100,000。非限制性上限的实例可以小于600,000。石墨烯聚合物的块的层面的优选范围可包括250,000至600,000。大量石墨化聚合物的另一个独立性质可包括导电率。在实施方式中，优选的面内导电率为至少16000S/cm。面内导电率的非限制的示例性上限可以高达20000S/cm。
本文中预期的另一实施方式包括形成复合基质，因此为了使基质适于充分感应与磁场耦合以产生足够的热量的目的石墨粉能够以陶瓷基质和/ 或玻璃基质材料的各种形式结合，以便该组合物可以用于感应加热应用。本实施方式的益处在于复合基质可以进一步被变成任何期望的几何结构。同样地，复合基质可以结合到任何期望的制品中。
本文中公开的每个实施方式可以提供以下优势中的至少一个：(1)增大面内热导率；(2)均匀的热传递；(3)消除热点；(4)随着时间的过去尺寸变化减少；(5)炊具翘曲减少；(6)炊具的污损减少(由暴露于与重复使用某些类型的炊具相关联的水和氧气所引起)；(7)炊具的去色减少 (与某些类型的炊具的表面与富酸食物的反应相关联)；(8)因此在感应烹饪期间减少振动并且消除产生的噪声；(9)炊具上的涂层呈现较长的寿命；(10)成本减少；(11)重量减少；(12)消除用于感应烹饪必需使用高铁素体类不锈钢；(13)简化的体系结构；以及(14)相对于加热和/或降温的任何一个中的热引导，炊具具有改进的解决方案。
可以它们的任何组合实践各种实施方式。
本申请中参考的所有引用专利和出版物通过引证将其全部内容结合。
因此描述了本实用新型，显而易见的是可以许多方式进行改变。其他人在阅读和理解前述说明书时会想到修改和变化。旨在将本实用新型解释为包括所有这种修改和变化，只要它们落入所附权利要求或其等同物的范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种炊具，其特征在于，所述炊具包括：
基板，包括底表面，所述基板的底表面为所述炊具的底表面；
中间层，包括具有小于350ppm的含硫量的石墨层；以及
烹饪表面，布置在所述中间层之上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的炊具，其特征在于，石墨具有至少0.64g/cm3的密度。
3.根据权利要求2所述的炊具，其特征在于，所述含硫量不多于200ppm。
4.根据权利要求2所述的炊具，其特征在于，所述炊具进一步包括布置在所述基板和所述中间层之间的绝缘层。
5.根据权利要求1所述的炊具，其特征在于，所述基板具有小于约75W/mK的穿透平面热导率。
6.根据权利要求1所述的炊具，其特征在于，所述基板包括支持所述中间层的石墨的结构体系。
7.根据权利要求1所述的炊具，其特征在于，石墨的在所述石墨层的纵向方向上的Taber刚度比在所述石墨层的横向方向上至少大30％。
8.根据权利要求1所述的炊具，其特征在于，所述石墨层的吸水率在环境压力下浸入室温水2.5小时之后小于重量的30％。
9.根据权利要求1所述的炊具，其特征在于，所述炊具进一步包括内嵌在所述石墨层内的金属丝网。
10.根据权利要求1所述的炊具，其特征在于，石墨包括膨胀石墨的压缩粒子的片、石墨化聚合物的片、及其组合的片中的至少一个。
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JP3221641U (ja) 2019-06-13
KR102319252B1 (ko) 2021-11-01
EP3435824A1 (en) 2019-02-06
US10772463B2 (en) 2020-09-15
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US20190021545A1 (en) 2019-01-24

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