CN209778691U - Solar photovoltaic-hot air integrated sunlight composting room - Google Patents

Solar photovoltaic-hot air integrated sunlight composting room Download PDF

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CN209778691U
CN209778691U CN201920473772.5U CN201920473772U CN209778691U CN 209778691 U CN209778691 U CN 209778691U CN 201920473772 U CN201920473772 U CN 201920473772U CN 209778691 U CN209778691 U CN 209778691U
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sunlight
composting
composting room
hot air
room
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CN201920473772.5U
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吴东雷
孙悦
桂嘉烯
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight

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  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The utility model discloses a solar photovoltaic-hot air integrated sunshine composting room. The composting room is composed of a sunlight composting room body, a solar photovoltaic photo-thermal (PVT) air heat collector, a ventilation pipeline, a deodorizing device and a percolate collecting and treating device. The PVT air heat collector is a flat plate, is hung on the sunny side of the sunlight composting room, and is connected with a ventilation pipe arranged at the bottom of the sunlight composting room through a fan to provide hot air for a composting body; the exhaust pipe at the top of the composting room is connected with the deodorizing device through an induced draft fan, and the PVT air heat collector is connected with the deodorizing device after being connected with the storage battery, so as to provide electric energy for the deodorizing device; the leachate collecting tank at the bottom of the composting room is connected with a leachate treatment device, and the sunlight composting room is provided with a material inlet and a material outlet. The solar photovoltaic-hot air integrated sunlight composting room of the utility model can improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy, save energy and running cost, promote composting effect, and is an environment-friendly household garbage treatment device which can be widely applied to the household garbage treatment in rural areas.

Description

Solar photovoltaic-hot air integrated sunlight composting room
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a domestic waste handles technical field, especially relates to a domestic organic waste compost facility, concretely relates to solar photovoltaic-hot-blast integral type sunshine compost room.
Background
With the continuous development of economy and the improvement of the living standard of people, the production amount of domestic garbage is continuously increased, which affects the ecological environment, occupies a large amount of land resources, pollutes underground water sources and harms the health and survival of human beings. In many rural areas incapable of providing the service of collecting and treating domestic garbage in a centralized manner, treatment methods such as landfill and natural stacking are mainly adopted, and large-area land is occupied. If the treatment cannot be effectively carried out in time, the stacked household garbage can become a place for breeding pathogens such as flies, mosquitoes and the like, ground vegetation can be damaged more possibly, soil fertility is reduced, the property and the structure of soil are changed, and agricultural production is directly influenced. In order to solve the problems of multiple sources of rural domestic garbage, dispersed layout and inconvenience for centralized treatment, various rural domestic garbage on-site treatment technologies are rapidly applied and developed, the operation cost of the composting treatment technology is low, the volume reduction effect is obvious, the produced fertilizer can be used for soil remediation and agricultural planting, the garbage harmless treatment efficiency and the resource utilization rate can be effectively improved, and the method is an advantage choice in the perishable domestic garbage treatment process. The compost treatment technology methods are numerous, the compost treatment technology methods can be generally divided into aerobic compost and facultative retting compost, the sunshine compost room belongs to the facultative retting compost, the compost method does not emphasize complete aerobic, a forced ventilation and pile turning method is not generally adopted, the compost environment is in a facultative aerobic state through a reinforced natural ventilation method, and the treatment effect similar to that of the aerobic compost is achieved in a relatively long compost period through simplifying process conditions. However, the existing sunlight composting room is often lack of good ventilation, and the ventilation of the compost body is poor; lack of corresponding secondary pollution control measures; the time for treating the garbage is long, the treatment period generally reaches more than half a year in order to ensure that the compost quality and the harmless level meet the requirements of the standard, and flies are easy to breed, stink is generated, and the surrounding environment is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the utility model provides a solar photovoltaic-hot air integrated sunlight composting room, which utilizes solar energy to supply air to oxygenate the compost, accelerates the decomposition of the compost, provides electric energy for a deodorizing device, saves energy and running cost, and realizes the reduction, reclamation and innocent treatment of rural domestic garbage.
The utility model adopts the technical proposal that:
A solar photovoltaic-hot air integrated sunlight composting room comprises a sunlight composting room body, an air heat collector (abbreviated as PVT air heat collector), a deodorizing device, a percolate collecting and treating device and a ventilation pipeline; the PVT air heat collector is of a flat plate type and is hung on the sunny side of the sunlight composting room body, and a hot air outlet of the PVT air heat collector is connected with a ventilation pipeline arranged at the bottom of the sunlight composting room through a fan and used for providing hot air for the composting body; the top of the sunlight composting house body is provided with a transparent roof, the roof is provided with an exhaust pipe communicated with the interior of the house body, and the exhaust pipe is connected with the deodorization device through an induced draft fan; the PVT air heat collector is connected with a storage battery; the storage battery is connected with the deodorization device and provides electric energy for the deodorization device; the leachate collecting and treating device comprises a leachate collecting tank and a leachate treating device, and the bottom of the room body of the sunlight composting room is connected with the leachate treating device through the leachate collecting tank; the house body of the sunshine composting house is provided with a material inlet and a material outlet.
Preferably, the sunlight composting room body is built by container plates; the roof is made of double-layer glass, and the roof is an inclined slope surface with the inclination degree of 15-30 degrees.
Preferably, the deodorization device is an activated carbon adsorption tower.
Preferably, the PVT air heat collector is connected with the fan and then connected with an electric heater, the electric heater is connected with the storage battery, and the storage battery provides electric energy.
preferably, an overhead filter screen with the aperture of 1-10mm is arranged at the bottom in the body of the sunlight composting house, so that leachate can be conveniently infiltrated and collected.
furthermore, the ventilation pipeline is uniformly laid below the overhead filter screen, air holes with the aperture of 5-20mm are uniformly formed in the bottom surface of the pipeline, and hot air is discharged downwards from the air holes to prevent the percolate from dripping downwards to block the air holes.
furthermore, the filter screen is a stainless steel filter screen.
preferably, the terrace in the sunlight composting room is inclined towards the percolate collecting tank, and the gradient is 1-5 degrees; the percolate collecting tank is inclined towards the inlet end of the percolate treatment device, and the gradient is 1-5 degrees.
Preferably, the sunlight composting room is characterized in that: the leachate treatment device is an anaerobic fermentation tank.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:
1) The solar battery pack integrates solar photovoltaic conversion and photo-thermal utilization, can supply electric energy obtained by photovoltaic power generation to a deodorization device, can absorb and utilize redundant heat accumulated in a battery panel, and simultaneously reduces the temperature of a photovoltaic battery and improves the power generation efficiency; the compost pile can supply heat automatically without external power supply in sunshine-free environments such as cloudy days, at night and the like, the electric energy obtained by solar photovoltaic power generation is utilized to continuously provide heated air for the pile, the environmental temperature is increased, the composting process is accelerated, the time required by composting is shortened, the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy is fully improved, and the energy and the operation cost are saved.
2) the exhaust pipe has the dual functions of collecting odor and dehumidifying, the water content of the compost can be reduced, the compost is promoted to be thoroughly decomposed, the odor collected by the exhaust pipe can be directly discharged after being adsorbed by the activated carbon adsorption tower, and the secondary pollution generated by a sunlight composting room can be effectively reduced.
3) The percolate collecting and treating system is perfect, and a stainless steel filter screen can be arranged above the ventilation pipeline and at the mouth part of the percolate collecting tank, so that the pipeline is prevented from being blocked; the treated leachate can be used as a fertilizer to be reused in farmlands, so that the environmental pollution can be reduced, the pesticide consumption is reduced, the economic benefit is improved, the treatment cost is reduced, and the resource treatment of the domestic garbage in rural areas is realized.
4) The sunlight composting room can be built by container plates, and is simple in structure, simple and convenient to install and easy to operate and manage.
5) The clinker obtained after the domestic garbage is thoroughly decomposed meets the requirement that the harmless level meets the standard, and can be used as a soil conditioner for soil improvement or used as a fertilizer for agricultural production.
To sum up, the utility model discloses a solar photovoltaic-hot air integral type sunshine compost room can improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy, and energy saving and running cost promote the compost process of rotting, do not have the secondary pollution problem, but the environment-friendly type domestic waste processing apparatus of wide application in rural area domestic waste treatment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a solar photovoltaic-hot air integrated sunlight composting house.
Reference numbers in the figures: the building comprises a sunlight composting room body 1, a PVT air heat collector 2, a deodorizing device 3, a percolate treatment device 4, a fan 5, an electric heater 6, a ventilation pipeline 7, a filter screen 8, a percolate collecting tank 9, a roof 10, an exhaust pipe 11, an induced draft fan 12, a feeding and discharging port 13, a storage battery 14 and an air inlet 15.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solar photovoltaic-hot air integrated sunlight composting room comprises a sunlight composting room body 1, a PVT air heat collector 2, a deodorizing device 3, a percolate collecting and processing device and a ventilation pipeline 7. In this embodiment, the sunshine compost room body 1 can be built by the container board and form, and the light is portable, easy to assemble. The top of the sunlight composting house body 1 is provided with a transparent roof 10, the roof 10 is made of double-layer glass, the roof 10 is an inclined slope surface, and the inclination degree is 15-30 degrees, so that water drainage and sunlight incidence are facilitated. The side wall of the sunlight composting room body 1 is provided with a material inlet and outlet 13.
PVT air heat collector 2 is the plate, and inside is equipped with and is used for the photovoltaic cell board of converting solar energy into the electric energy, and the photovoltaic cell board below is equipped with air heat transfer passageway, and during the outside air can follow air intake 15 entering heat transfer passageway, takes away photovoltaic cell board department unnecessary heat, then discharges from hot air outlet. The flat PVT air heat collector 2 is hung on the sunny side of the sunlight composting room body 1, and the photovoltaic cell panel faces to the sunlight. The hot air outlet of the PVT air heat collector 2 is connected with a ventilation pipeline 7 arranged at the bottom of the sunlight composting room through a fan 5 and used for providing hot air for the composting body. The bottom in the sunlight composting room body 1 is provided with a stainless steel filter screen 8 with the aperture of 1-10mm, and the filter screen 8 has a certain overhead height so as to be convenient for infiltration and collection of percolate. The ventilation pipelines 7 are uniformly laid below the overhead filter screen 8, air holes with the aperture of 5-20mm are uniformly formed in the bottom surface of the pipeline, hot air is discharged downwards from the air holes, and the percolate is prevented from dripping downwards to block the air holes. Considering that the PVT air heat collector 2 can only work in the time of the sun, in order to ensure the continuity of the hot air introduction, the PVT air heat collector 2 can be connected with the fan 5 and then connected with the electric heater 6, and the air is heated by the electric heater 6 and then introduced into the composting room. In addition, a large amount of high-humidity odor is generated in the composting process, so that an exhaust pipe 11 communicated with the inside of the house body 1 needs to be arranged on the roof 10, and the exhaust pipe 11 is connected with the deodorization device 3 through an induced draft fan 12. In this embodiment, the deodorizing device 3 is an activated carbon adsorption tower, and the odor is treated by the adsorption action of activated carbon, and can be directly evacuated after the treatment. The PVT air heat collector 2 is connected with a storage battery 14, and electric energy generated by photoelectric conversion can be stored in the storage battery 14. The battery 14 is connected to the deodorizing means 3 and supplies electrical energy to the electrical consumers in the deodorizing means 3. In addition, the electric heater 6 may be connected to the battery 14, and the battery 14 supplies electric power.
During the composting process, the stack generates a large amount of percolate, so that percolate collecting and treating devices are required. The leachate collection and treatment device comprises a leachate collecting tank 9 and a leachate treatment device 4, and the bottom of the sunlight composting room body 1 is connected with the leachate treatment device 4 through the leachate collecting tank 9. In this embodiment, terrace in the sunshine compost room is to filtration liquid collecting vat 9 slope, slope 1-5 to in the drainage of being convenient for. The percolate collecting groove is inclined towards the inlet end of the percolate treatment device 4, and the gradient is 1-5 degrees, so that percolate can conveniently flow into the percolate treatment device 4. The percolate treatment device 4 can be selected as required, in this embodiment an anaerobic fermenter is used.
Based on the sunlight composting room, a solar photovoltaic-hot air integrated composting method can be provided, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) Screening the domestic garbage, putting the perishable garbage into a sunlight composting room from a material inlet and outlet 13 to form a heap body, and starting composting fermentation of the heap body under the sunlight which is injected through a roof 10;
2) In the composting process, the PVT air heat collector 2 hung on the sunny side of the house body 1 receives sunlight, the photovoltaic cell panel stores electric energy in the storage battery 14 through photoelectric conversion, and meanwhile air is continuously sucked from the air inlet 15 to exchange heat with the photovoltaic cell panel; the hot air after heat exchange is driven by a fan 5, discharged from a hot air outlet of the PVT air heat collector 2 and enters the lower part of a compost body in the sunlight composting room through a ventilation pipeline 7 to supply air and oxygenate the air and improve the composting temperature; in the sunshine-free environment, the electric heater 6 connected behind the fan is turned on, and the electric energy provided by the storage battery 14 is utilized to supplement and heat the air;
3) Under the traction of a draught fan 12, odor generated in the composting process is collected and discharged into a leachate treatment device 4 through an exhaust pipe 11, the leachate treatment device 4 utilizes electric energy provided by a storage battery 14 to treat the odor, and the treated odor is directly discharged into the atmosphere;
4) Leachate generated in the composting process passes through a filter screen 8, is collected by a leachate collecting tank 9 and is discharged into a leachate treatment device 4, and biogas manure is obtained after fermentation treatment;
5) After the composting period is over, the feed and discharge opening 13 is opened and the compost clinker is taken out.
The sunlight composting room has the following advantages:
The perishable garbage in the domestic garbage in rural areas is high in component, the perishable garbage after classified recovery is thrown into a sunlight composting room from a feeding hole 13, the roof 10 of the sunlight composting room is made of double-layer glass, and the double-layer glass with high level of heat performance penetrates to absorb heat so as to provide heat for the sunlight composting room.
In order to accelerate the decomposition of the domestic garbage, the PVT air heat collector 2 hung on the sunny side of the house body can utilize the redundant heat of the photovoltaic cell panel to continuously provide heated air for the compost body through the fan, so as to supply air and oxygenate the air, provide a favorable growing environment for microorganisms in the compost body, ensure that the temperature of the compost body is high, the time required by the decomposition is short, the decomposition of organic matters is thorough, and can effectively prevent the propagation of pathogenic bacteria and the emission of peculiar smell.
Odor generated in the composting process is collected through the exhaust pipe 11 and exhausted to the activated carbon adsorption tower, the photovoltaic cell panel in the PVT air heat collector 2 realizes photoelectric conversion and then stores electric energy in the storage battery 14, required electric energy is provided for the activated carbon adsorption tower, and the treated odor is directly discharged into the atmosphere.
The stainless steel filter screen 8 that ventilation pipeline 7 top and filtration liquid collecting vat oral area set up can prevent that the pipeline from blockking up. Leachate generated in the composting process is collected by a leachate collecting tank and discharged into an anaerobic fermentation tank, and the biogas manure can be obtained after fermentation treatment, wherein the biogas manure contains nutrient elements required by crop growth, and also contains abundant amino acids, various hydrolytic enzymes and growth factors, and is beneficial to maintaining nutrient balance when applied to farmlands and can also improve the permeability of soil.
In the sunshine-free environment such as rainy days, night and the like, the electric heater (6) connected behind the fan is turned on, the electric energy stored by the storage battery 14 is utilized, external electricity is not needed, the self-sufficient heat supply of the electric energy stored by photovoltaic power generation in the daytime can also be utilized, the heated air is continuously provided for the compost, the temperature of the compost is ensured, the favorable environment is provided for microorganisms, and the time required by composting is shortened.
The compost clinker obtained after the decomposition is shoveled out through the discharge hole, and the processed and output fertilizer can be widely used for soil remediation and agricultural planting, so that the resource benefit of biological treatment is well improved while the garbage treatment efficiency is improved, and the on-site treatment and recycling of the household garbage in rural areas are effectively realized.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Modifications that can be made without departing from the principles of the invention by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art are also to be considered within the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. A solar photovoltaic-hot air integrated sunlight composting room is characterized by comprising a sunlight composting room body (1), a PVT air heat collector (2), a deodorizing device (3), a percolate collecting and treating device and a ventilation pipeline (7); the PVT air heat collector (2) is of a flat plate type and is hung on the sunny side of the sunlight composting room body (1), and a hot air outlet of the PVT air heat collector (2) is connected with a ventilation pipeline (7) arranged at the bottom of the sunlight composting room through a fan (5) and used for providing hot air for the composting body; a transparent roof (10) is arranged at the top of the sunlight composting room body (1), an exhaust pipe (11) communicated with the interior of the sunlight composting room body (1) is arranged on the roof (10), and the exhaust pipe (11) is connected with the deodorization device (3) through an induced draft fan (12); the PVT air heat collector (2) is connected with a storage battery (14); the storage battery (14) is connected with the deodorization device (3) and provides electric energy for the deodorization device (3); the leachate collecting and treating device comprises a leachate collecting tank (9) and a leachate treating device (4), and the bottom of the sunlight composting room body (1) is connected with the leachate treating device (4) through the leachate collecting tank (9); a feed and discharge port (13) is arranged on the room body (1) of the sunshine composting room.
2. The solar photovoltaic-hot air integrated sunlight composting room of claim 1, wherein: the sunshine compost house body (1) is built by container plates; the roof (10) is made of double-layer glass, the roof (10) is an inclined slope surface, and the inclination degree is 15-30 degrees.
3. the solar photovoltaic-hot air integrated sunlight composting room of claim 1, wherein: the deodorization device (3) is an activated carbon adsorption tower.
4. The solar photovoltaic-hot air integrated sunlight composting room of claim 1, wherein: the PVT air heat collector (2) is connected with the fan (5) and then is connected with the electric heater (6), the electric heater (6) is connected with the storage battery (14), and the storage battery (14) provides electric energy.
5. The solar photovoltaic-hot air integrated sunlight composting room of claim 1, wherein: an overhead filter screen (8) with the aperture of 1-10mm is arranged at the bottom in the sunlight composting room body (1), so that leachate can be conveniently infiltrated and collected.
6. The solar photovoltaic-hot air integrated sunlight composting room of claim 1, wherein: the terrace in the sunlight composting room is inclined towards the percolate collecting tank (9) with the gradient of 1-5 degrees; the percolate collecting tank is inclined towards the inlet end of the percolate treatment device (4) with a gradient of 1-5 degrees.
7. the solar photovoltaic-hot air integrated sunlight composting room of claim 1, wherein: the leachate treatment device (4) is an anaerobic fermentation tank.
8. The solar photovoltaic-hot air integrated sunlight composting room of claim 5, wherein: the ventilation pipeline (7) is uniformly laid below the overhead filter screen (8), air holes with the aperture of 5-20mm are uniformly formed in the bottom surface of the pipeline, hot air is discharged downwards from the air holes, and the percolate is prevented from dripping downwards to block the air holes.
9. The solar photovoltaic-hot air integrated sunlight composting room of claim 5, wherein: the filter screen (8) is a stainless steel filter screen.
CN201920473772.5U 2019-04-09 2019-04-09 Solar photovoltaic-hot air integrated sunlight composting room Active CN209778691U (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201920473772.5U CN209778691U (en) 2019-04-09 2019-04-09 Solar photovoltaic-hot air integrated sunlight composting room

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201920473772.5U CN209778691U (en) 2019-04-09 2019-04-09 Solar photovoltaic-hot air integrated sunlight composting room

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CN209778691U true CN209778691U (en) 2019-12-13

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CN201920473772.5U Active CN209778691U (en) 2019-04-09 2019-04-09 Solar photovoltaic-hot air integrated sunlight composting room

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