CN207149569U - 一种光伏组件 - Google Patents

一种光伏组件 Download PDF

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CN207149569U
CN207149569U CN201721253462.XU CN201721253462U CN207149569U CN 207149569 U CN207149569 U CN 207149569U CN 201721253462 U CN201721253462 U CN 201721253462U CN 207149569 U CN207149569 U CN 207149569U
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cell piece
wire
photovoltaic module
junction
diode
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郁操
龙永灯
胡德政
李沅民
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Deyun Chuangxin (Beijing) Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Beijing Juntai Innovation Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2018/098238 priority patent/WO2019062323A1/zh
Priority to KR2020180004156U priority patent/KR20190000859U/ko
Priority to US16/135,030 priority patent/US20190097072A1/en
Priority to JP2018003651U priority patent/JP3219129U/ja
Priority to EP18196166.5A priority patent/EP3462505A1/en
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Abstract

本实用新型属于太阳能电池技术领域，提供了一种光伏组件，该光伏组件包括：电池片、导线、二极管和封装结构，多个电池片通过导线串联，每个电池片或指定个数相邻的电池片作为整体并联一个二极管。由于所述二极管包括：PN结、正极引线和负极引线，正极引线的两端分别与电池片的正极和PN结的正极相连，负极引线的两端分别与电池片的负极和PN结的负极相连，这样就实现了为每个或者每多个电池片配置一个旁路二极管，且由于PN结的厚度很薄、成本低，不会大幅增加光伏组件的厚度和成本。

Description

一种光伏组件
技术领域
本实用新型涉及太阳能电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种光伏组件。
背景技术
太阳能电池又称为“太阳能芯片”或“光伏电池”，是一种利用太阳光直接发电的光电半导体薄片。它只要被满足一定照度条件的光照到，瞬间就可输出电压及在有回路的情况下产生电流。其原理为太阳光照在半导体p-n结上，形成新的空穴-电子对，在p-n结内建电场的作用下，光生空穴流向p区，光生电子流向n区，接通电路后就产生电流。
现有技术的光伏组件包括多个串联的电池串，每个电池串包括多个串联的电池片，以包含60个电池片的光伏组件为例进行说明，该光伏组件通常包括6个电池串，每个电池串包括10个电池片。通常6个电池串串联在一起外接一个接线盒，或者每两个电池串串联在一起外接一个接线盒，该接线盒通常设置在光伏组件的层压板外，将电池串与外部线路连接，接线盒内还包含一个旁路二极管，当与旁路二极管并联的电池串中的任何一个电池片出现裂片等问题时，就相当于与旁路二极管并联的所有电池串内部发生了断线，导致失效，从而对光伏组件的发电效率影响很大，最好的解决办法是为每个电池片配置一个旁路二极管，然而通过现有的接线盒的方式为每个电池片配备一个旁路二极管时，会增加成本及工艺难度。
实用新型内容
本实用新型的目的是提供一种光伏组件，以解决通过现有的接线盒的方式为每个电池片配备一个旁路二极管时，会增加成本及工艺难度的问题。
为了实现上述目的，本实用新型提供如下技术方案：
一种光伏组件，包括：
电池片、导线、二极管和封装结构，多个电池片通过导线串联，每个电池片或指定个数相邻的电池片作为整体并联一个二极管，所述电池片、所述导线和所述二极管设置在所述封装结构中；
所述二极管包括：PN结、正极引线和负极引线，正极引线的两端分别与电池片的正极和PN结的正极相连，负极引线的两端分别与电池片的负极和PN结的负极相连。
优选地，所述电池片包括以下任意一种或多种：
异质结电池片、多晶硅电池片和单晶硅电池片。
优选地，所述异质结电池片为非晶硅/单晶硅异质结电池片。
优选地，所述导线为焊带，电池片与焊带之间焊接连接。
优选地，所述正极引线和所述负极引线为包锡铜片。
优选地，所述包锡铜片的宽度为0.5mm至5mm，所述包锡铜片的厚度为0.01mm至0.4mm。
优选地，所述正极引线和所述负极引线分别焊接在两个电池片的背面的所述焊带上。
优选地，所述正极引线和所述负极引线分别焊接在两个电池片的两根焊带上，所述PN结的表面积为数平方毫米，位于相邻的两个电池片之间的间隙中。
优选地，所述电池片与所述PN结之间设置绝缘物。
优选地，所述封装结构从上到下依序包括：
玻璃层、第一EVA层、第二EVA层和背板层，其中，所述电池片、所述导线和所述二极管设置在所述第一EVA层与第二EVA层之间。
本实用新型提供的光伏组件，包括：电池片、导线、二极管和封装结构，多个电池片通过多条导线串联，每个电池片或指定个数相邻的电池片作为整体并联一个二极管，所述电池片、所述导线和所述二极管设置在所述封装结构中。由于所述二极管包括：PN结、正极引线和负极引线，正极引线的两端分别与电池片的负极和PN结的正极相连，负极引线的两端分别与电池片的正极和PN结的负极相连，这样就实现了为每个电池片配置一个旁路二极管，且由于PN结的厚度很薄，不会增加光伏组件的厚度且不会增加成本及工艺难度，并在某个电池片故障时通过旁路二极管短路掉该故障电池片，而非将整串电池片短路掉，有助于提升发电效率。
进一步地，本实用新型提供的光伏组件，所述电池片为非晶硅/单晶硅异质结电池片，由于晶硅/单晶硅异质结电池片具有低的温度系数、高的环境稳定性以及双面发电等特性，使其实际户外发电量比传统晶硅电池高出25％左右，有效提升能源转化效率。
进一步地，本实用新型提供的光伏组件，所述导线为焊带，电池片与焊带之间焊接连接，连接的强度及可靠度更好。所述正极引线和所述负极引线为包锡铜片，可以有效降低连接电阻，且导线的稳定性更好。
进一步地，本实用新型提供的光伏组件，所述正极引线和所述负极引线分别焊接在两个电池片的背面的所述焊带上可以有效减小对电池片正面的遮挡，有助于提升光电转换效率。此外，所述PN结的表面积为数平方毫米，可以位于相邻的两个电池片之间的间隙中，这样可以避免增加光伏组件的厚度或电池的尺寸，提高集成度。
附图说明
图1为根据本实用新型所提供的光伏组件的第一种结构示意图；
图2为根据本实用新型所提供的光伏组件的第二种结构示意图。
附图标记：
在图1-图2中：
1 电池片 31 PN结
2 导线 32 正极引线
3 二极管 33 负极引线
具体实施方式
为了使本实用新型的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本实用新型进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本实用新型，并不用于限定本实用新型。
如图1所示，为根据本实用新型所提供的光伏组件的第一种结构示意图。
在本实施例中，该光伏组件可以包括：电池片1、导线2、二极管3和封装结构，多个电池片1通过导线2串联，导线的一端连接一个电池片的正极，导线的另一端连接另一电池片的负极，每个电池片1并联一个二极管3，所述电池片1、所述导线2和所述二极管3设置在所述封装结构中；所述二极管3包括：PN结31、正极引线32和负极引线33，PN结31可以根据实际使用需求而选择不同的型号，例如，为了适应于电池片1的基板相近的厚度，或者直接采用市面常见的PN结型号从而避免增加PN连接后的容置空间，在此不做限定。因PN结31尺寸小，所需容置空间较小，正极引线32的两端分别与电池片1的负极和PN结31的正极相连，负极引线33的两端分别与电池片1的正极和PN结31的负极相连。其中，电池片1的个数可以根据设计的光伏组件输出电压而定，例如，单个电池片1的输出电压为0.5V，设计的光伏组件输出电压为5V，则串联10个电池片即可。二极管3的个数可以根据设计而定，例如，当需要实现：任何一个电池片1失效后，则每个电池片1并联一个二极管3，仅短路该电池片1，其它电池片1依然可以稳定输出电压。
其中，所述电池片1包括以下任意一种或多种：异质结电池片、多晶硅电池片和单晶硅电池片。电池片1按照制作材料分为硅基半导体电池、Ⅱ-Ⅵ族化合物半导体：如CdTe薄膜电池、铜铟镓硒CIGS薄膜电池、染料敏化薄膜电池、有机材料电池等。其中硅电池又分为单晶电池、多晶电池和非晶硅薄膜电池等。对于太阳电池来说最重要的参数是转换效率，在实验室所研发的硅基太阳能电池中，单晶硅电池效率为25.0％，多晶硅电池效率为20.4％，CIGS薄膜电池效率达19.6％，CdTe薄膜电池效率达16.7％，非晶硅(无定形硅)薄膜电池的效率为10.1％。优选地，所述异质结电池片为非晶硅/单晶硅(a-Si/c-Si)异质结电池片(Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin-layer，HIT)，HIT电池片是一种利用晶体硅和非晶硅薄膜制成的混合型太阳电池，它具有制备工艺温度低，转换效率高、高温特性好等特点，是一种低价高效电池。其实验室转换效率已达到23％，且理论分析该电池结构的转换效率可以超过25％。
需要说明的是，当每个电池片1并联一个二极管3时，PN结31的正向导通电压应当高于单个电池片1输出的电压，例如电池片1的输出电压为0.6V，PN结31的正向导通电压为0.7V。
具体地，所述导线2可以为铜线、铝线等导线，还可以为专用的焊带等。优选地，所述导线2为焊带，电池片1与焊带之间焊接连接。所述正极引线32和所述负极引线33为包锡铜片。该包锡铜片的尺寸可以为0.5mm至5mm，所述包锡铜片的厚度为0.01mm至0.4mm。
在一个具体实施例中，所述电池片1的个数为10个或12个，包锡铜片的尺寸可以为3mm，包锡铜片的厚度为0.3mm，所述正极引线32和所述负极引线33分别焊接在两个电池片1的背面的所述焊带上。
本实用新型提供的光伏组件，包括：电池片1、导线2和二极管3，多个电池片1通过导线2串联，每个电池片1或指定个数相邻的电池片1作为整体并联一个二极管3。由于所述二极管3包括：PN结31、正极引线32和负极引线33，正极引线32的两端分别与电池片1的负极和PN结31的正极相连，负极引线33的两端分别与电池片1的正极和PN结31的负极相连，这样就实现了为每个电池片1配置一个旁路二极管，且由于PN结31的厚度很薄且成本较低，不会增加光伏组件的厚度且不会增加成本及工艺难度。
如图2所示，为根据本实用新型所提供的光伏组件的第二种结构示意图。
在本实施例中，也可以以数个相邻的电池片作为整体，并联一个二极管3，这样做的好处是可以降低光伏组件的复杂度，有效减少了二极管3的数量，例如，以两个相邻的电池片作为整体，并联一个二极管3，但是同样也存在缺点：不能实现短路掉单个失效电池片1，必须同时短路掉2个电池片，尽管其中一个电池片未失效。
需要说明的是，本实施例列举了2个相邻的电池片1作为整体并联一个二极管3，此外也可以在4个或更多相邻的电池片1作为整体，并联一个二极管3，在此不再详述。当数个相邻的电池片1作为整体并联一个二极管3时，PN结31的正向导通电压应当高于数个相邻的电池片11作为整体输出的电压。
其中，所述正极引线32和所述负极引线33可以分别焊接在两个电池片1的两根焊带上，或者所述正极引线32和所述负极引线33分别焊接在以数个电池片1为整体及另一个电池片1的两根焊带上，例如，如图2中共包含a电池片、b电池片、c电池片、d电池片共4个电池片1，所述正极引线32焊接在c电池片正极的焊带上，所述负极引线33焊接在b电池片负极的焊带上，所述PN结31的表面积为数平方毫米，位于相邻的两个电池片1之间的间隙中，而由于PN结31尺寸小，占用空间小，利用电池片1的间隙即可容置PN，这样可以避免旁路二极管额外占用空间。此外，所述电池片1与所述PN结31之间设置绝缘物，这样可以避免短路情况发生，例如在所述电池片1与所述PN结31之间填充树脂等。
若电池片1为异质结太阳能电池，由于异质结太阳能电池是双面发光电池，利用本实用新型，还可以避免二极管遮挡电池片1，降低电池片1接受光的面积，从而降低发电效率的风险。
在一个具体实施例中，所述封装结构从上到下依序包括：玻璃层、第一EVA层、第二EVA层和背板层，其中，所述电池片1、所述导线2和所述二极管3设置在所述第一EVA层与第二EVA层之间。
具体地，该玻璃层可以为钢化玻璃，作用为保护发电主体(如电池片)，透光要求：1.透光率必须高(一般91％以上)；2.超白钢化处理。此外，还可以在钢化玻璃的表面上镀一层增透膜，例如指定厚度的二氧化硅薄膜等。光伏电池封装胶膜(EVA)，用来粘结固定钢化玻璃和发电主体(如电池片)，透明EVA材质的优劣直接影响到组件的寿命，暴露在空气中的EVA易老化发黄，从而影响组件的透光率，从而影响组件的发电质量，除了EVA本身的质量外，层压工艺影响也非常大，如EVA胶粘度不达标，EVA与钢化玻璃、背板粘接强度不够，都会引起EVA提早老化，影响组件寿命，主要粘结封装发电主体和背板层。背板层，主要作用是密封、绝缘、防水(一般都用TPT、TPE等，材质必须耐老化，也可以是玻璃背板)。此外，还可以包括框架、密封胶等，在此不再详述。
虽然本实用新型是结合以上实施例进行描述的，但本实用新型并不限定于上述实施例，而只受权利要求的限定，本领域普通技术人员能够容易地对其进行修改和变化，但并不离开本实用新型的实质构思和范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种光伏组件，其特征在于，包括：
电池片(1)、导线(2)、二极管(3)和封装结构，多个电池片(1)通过导线(2)串联，每个电池片(1)或指定个数相邻的电池片(1)作为整体并联一个二极管(3)，所述电池片(1)、所述导线(2)和所述二极管(3)设置在所述封装结构中；
所述二极管(3)包括：PN结(31)、正极引线(32)和负极引线(33)，正极引线(32)的两端分别与电池片(1)的正极和PN结(31)的正极相连，负极引线(33)的两端分别与电池片(1)的负极和PN结(31)的负极相连。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述电池片(1)包括以下任意一种或多种：
异质结电池片、多晶硅电池片和单晶硅电池片。
3.根据权利要求2所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述异质结电池片为非晶硅/单晶硅异质结电池片。
4.根据权利要求1所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述导线(2)为焊带，电池片(1)与焊带之间焊接连接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述正极引线(32)和所述负极引线(33)为包锡铜片。
6.根据权利要求5所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述包锡铜片的宽度为0.5mm至5mm，所述包锡铜片的厚度为0.01mm至0.4mm。
7.根据权利要求5所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述正极引线(32)和所述负极引线(33)分别焊接在两个电池片(1)的背面的所述焊带上。
8.根据权利要求5所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述正极引线(32)和所述负极引线(33)分别焊接在两个电池片(1)的两根焊带上，所述PN结(31)的表面积为数平方毫米，位于相邻的两个电池片(1)之间的间隙中。
9.根据权利要求8所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述电池片(1)与所述PN结(31)之间设置绝缘物。
10.根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述封装结构从上到下依序包括：
玻璃层、第一EVA层、第二EVA层和背板层，其中，所述电池片(1)、所述导线(2)和所述二极管(3)设置在所述第一EVA层与第二EVA层之间。
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