CN206254812U - Small-sized automatic charging and replacing station for electric automobile - Google Patents
Small-sized automatic charging and replacing station for electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN206254812U CN206254812U CN201620654048.9U CN201620654048U CN206254812U CN 206254812 U CN206254812 U CN 206254812U CN 201620654048 U CN201620654048 U CN 201620654048U CN 206254812 U CN206254812 U CN 206254812U
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型属于电动汽车充换电技术领域,具体涉及一种电动汽车小型自动充换电站。The utility model belongs to the technical field of electric vehicle charging and swapping, and in particular relates to a small-sized automatic charging and swapping station for electric cars.
背景技术Background technique
随着电动汽车的推广,如何及时有效地为电量不足的电动汽车提供电能补给已成为厂商和车主都非常关注的问题。当前市场上主流解决方案是采用充电模式,在停车位配置AC慢充桩或者DC快充桩。但慢充模式需要长时间占用一个停车位进行充电,而快充模式充电电流大,是常规充电电流的十倍甚至几十倍,会降低动力电池组的循环寿命,且充电一般不达到满充状态。而换电站采用动力电池更换模式,直接用充满电的电池组更换能量已耗尽的电池组,在分钟级的时间内完成电能补给,因而是一种非常高效的电能补充方式。With the promotion of electric vehicles, how to timely and effectively provide electric energy supply for electric vehicles with insufficient power has become a problem that manufacturers and car owners are very concerned about. The mainstream solution in the current market is to adopt the charging mode and configure AC slow charging piles or DC fast charging piles in the parking spaces. However, the slow charging mode needs to occupy a parking space for a long time for charging, while the fast charging mode has a large charging current, which is ten times or even dozens of times that of the conventional charging current, which will reduce the cycle life of the power battery pack, and the charging generally does not reach a full charge. state. The battery swapping station adopts the power battery replacement mode, directly replaces the exhausted battery pack with a fully charged battery pack, and completes the power supply within minutes, so it is a very efficient power supply method.
但是,现有换电站往往占地面积大,需要土建,模块化程度低,不利于维护,且一旦建成,规模无法再变化。对于地下停车场景,由于高度十分有限,现有的换电站无法建立,而地下停车在城市中尤其是中心区域和各大商圈都是主要的停车方式。However, the existing substations often occupy a large area, require civil engineering, have a low degree of modularization, are not conducive to maintenance, and once completed, the scale cannot be changed. For the underground parking scene, due to the very limited height, the existing substations cannot be established, and underground parking is the main parking method in the city, especially in the central area and major business districts.
因此,本领域需要一种小型化、可快速投运的换电站,来解决上述换电站存在的占地面积大、一旦建成规模无法变化等问题。Therefore, there is a need in this field for a miniaturized power station that can be put into operation quickly to solve the problems of the above-mentioned power station that occupies a large area and cannot be changed in scale once it is built.
实用新型内容Utility model content
为了解决现有技术中的上述问题,即为了解决现有换电站占地面积大,模块化程度低,不利于维护,且一旦建成规模无法在变化的问题,本实用新型提供了一种电动汽车小型自动充换电站。该电动汽车小型自动充换电站包括换电平台、充电平台、换电系统和控制系统,其中,所述换电平台、所述充电平台和所述换电系统分别与所述控制系统连接,所述换电平台包括换电集装箱和容纳在换电集装箱中用于停放车辆的停车底座,所述充电平台包括充电集装箱和容纳在充电集装箱中用于对动力电池充电以及存储的充电架,所述换电系统包括用于对所述停车底座上停放的车辆的动力电池进行更换的换电小车,所述控制系统用于管理和控制所述换电平台、所述充电平台和所述换电系统的工作,所述换电小车能够在所述换电平台与所述充电平台之间自由穿梭,并且能够从所述充电架上直接取出电池和将换下的电池直接放回所述充电架上。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, that is, in order to solve the problems that the existing substation occupies a large area, has a low degree of modularization, is not conducive to maintenance, and cannot be changed in scale once it is completed, the utility model provides an electric vehicle Small automatic charging station. The small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles includes a battery swapping platform, a charging platform, a battery swapping system, and a control system, wherein the battery swapping platform, the charging platform, and the battery swapping system are respectively connected to the control system, and the The power exchange platform includes a battery exchange container and a parking base accommodated in the battery exchange container for parking vehicles, and the charging platform includes a charging container and a charging rack accommodated in the charging container for charging and storing the power battery. The battery exchange system includes a battery exchange car for replacing the power battery of the vehicle parked on the parking base, and the control system is used to manage and control the battery exchange platform, the charging platform and the battery exchange system The battery replacement trolley can freely shuttle between the battery replacement platform and the charging platform, and can directly take out the battery from the charging stand and put the replaced battery directly back on the charging stand .
在上述电动汽车小型自动充换电站的优选实施方式中,所述充电架包括至少一个电池存储模块,每个所述电池存储模块包括充电层、存储层和移动层,所述充电层中设置有给电池充电的充电机,所述存储层用于存放电池,所述移动层中设置有第一导轨,所述换电小车能够沿所述第一导轨在水平方向上运动。In a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles, the charging stand includes at least one battery storage module, each of the battery storage modules includes a charging layer, a storage layer and a moving layer, and the charging layer is provided with A charger for charging the battery, the storage layer is used to store the battery, the moving layer is provided with a first guide rail, and the battery exchange trolley can move in a horizontal direction along the first guide rail.
在上述电动汽车小型自动充换电站的优选实施方式中,所述充电架还包括与所述电池存储模块相邻设置的起降机模块,所述起降机模块中设置有第二导轨,所述换电小车能够沿所述第二导轨在水平方向上运动,并且所述第二导轨能够在竖直方向上带动所述换电小车运动。In a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles, the charging rack further includes a lift module arranged adjacent to the battery storage module, and a second guide rail is arranged in the lift module, so that The battery-swapping trolley can move in the horizontal direction along the second guide rail, and the second guide rail can drive the battery-swapping trolley to move in the vertical direction.
在上述电动汽车小型自动充换电站的优选实施方式中,该电动汽车小型自动充换电站还包括设置在所述换电平台和所述充电平台之间的第三导轨,所述换电小车能够沿所述第三导轨在所述换电平台与所述充电架之间移动,并且当所述第二导轨下降到最低位置时,所述第二导轨便与所述第三导轨对接起来,使得所述换电小车能够从所述第三导轨移动到所述第二导轨上。In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles, the small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles also includes a third guide rail arranged between the battery swapping platform and the charging platform, and the battery swapping trolley can moving along the third guide rail between the power exchange platform and the charging rack, and when the second guide rail is lowered to the lowest position, the second guide rail is docked with the third guide rail, so that The battery swap trolley can move from the third guide rail to the second guide rail.
在上述电动汽车小型自动充换电站的优选实施方式中,所述控制系统包括充换电控制模块、通信模块和人机交互界面,所述充换电控制模块用于控制所述换电平台、所述换电系统和所述充电平台的工作;所述通信模块用于与云服务系统通讯并实时上传充换电站的状态;所述人机交互界面用于用户与所述控制系统进行信息交互。In a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles, the control system includes a charging and swapping control module, a communication module and a human-computer interaction interface, and the charging and swapping control module is used to control the battery swapping platform, The work of the power swap system and the charging platform; the communication module is used to communicate with the cloud service system and upload the status of the charging and swap station in real time; the human-computer interaction interface is used for information interaction between the user and the control system .
在上述电动汽车小型自动充换电站的优选实施方式中,所述换电小车包括车座、设置在车座底部用于沿所述第三导轨运动的滚轮、设置在车座顶部的举升机、安装在所述举升机上用于承载动力电池的换电举升平台和安装在所述换电举升平台上的电池加解锁机构,所述电池加解锁机构用于对电动汽车的动力电池进行定位、解锁以及锁定动力电池到电动汽车。In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles, the battery swap trolley includes a vehicle seat, rollers arranged at the bottom of the vehicle seat for moving along the third guide rail, and a lift arranged at the top of the vehicle seat 1. The power exchange lifting platform installed on the lift for carrying the power battery and the battery unlocking mechanism installed on the power exchange lifting platform, the battery unlocking mechanism is used for the power battery of the electric vehicle Locate, unlock and lock the power battery to the electric vehicle.
在上述电动汽车小型自动充换电站的优选实施方式中,所述换电平台还包括设置在所述停车底座上的汽车定位系统和举升装置,所述汽车定位系统用于对停放在所述停车底座上的车辆进行定位,所述举升装置用于对停放在所述停车底座上的车辆进行升降。In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles, the battery swapping platform further includes a vehicle positioning system and a lifting device arranged on the parking base, and the vehicle positioning system is used for parking on the The vehicle on the parking base is positioned, and the lifting device is used for lifting the vehicle parked on the parking base.
在上述电动汽车小型自动充换电站的优选实施方式中,所述汽车定位系统包括引导电动汽车驶向所述换电平台的引导斜坡、用于检测电动汽车白车身位置的传感器以及用于驱动电动汽车轮胎移动来调整电动汽车位置的驱动装置,所述控制系统根据所述传感器检测到的信息指示所述驱动装置执行操作。In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles, the vehicle positioning system includes a guide slope for guiding the electric vehicle to the battery swapping platform, a sensor for detecting the position of the body-in-white of the electric vehicle, and a sensor for driving the electric vehicle. The tires of the car move to adjust the driving device of the position of the electric vehicle, and the control system instructs the driving device to perform operations according to the information detected by the sensor.
在上述电动汽车小型自动充换电站的优选实施方式中,所述传感器包括设置在所述换电平台前后方向上的四个位置传感器和设置在所述换电平台两侧的四个超声波传感器,当电动汽车沿所述引导斜坡驶向所述换电平台后,所述位置传感器用于检测白车身相对于所述换电平台前后方向的位置,并通过指示灯指示司机对电动汽车进行前后微调,所述超声波传感器用于检测白车身相对于所述换电平台两侧沿的位置,并将检测到的信息实时发送给所述控制系统。In a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles, the sensors include four position sensors arranged in the front and rear directions of the battery swapping platform and four ultrasonic sensors arranged on both sides of the battery swapping platform, When the electric vehicle drives to the battery exchange platform along the guide slope, the position sensor is used to detect the position of the body in white relative to the front and rear direction of the battery exchange platform, and instructs the driver to fine-tune the electric vehicle forward and backward through the indicator light , the ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the position of the body in white relative to the two sides of the power exchange platform, and send the detected information to the control system in real time.
在上述电动汽车小型自动充换电站的优选实施方式中,所述汽车定位系统还包括减速定位带,当电动汽车沿所述引导斜坡驶向所述换电平台时,所述减速定位带用于辅助电动汽车进行前后方向的粗定位。In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles, the vehicle positioning system further includes a deceleration positioning belt, which is used for It assists the coarse positioning of the electric vehicle in the front and rear directions.
在上述电动汽车小型自动充换电站的优选实施方式中,所述举升装置包括起升立柱和驱动机构,所述驱动机构驱动所述起升立柱并带动电动汽车升降。In a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles, the lifting device includes a lifting column and a driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism drives the lifting column and drives the electric vehicle to go up and down.
在上述电动汽车小型自动充换电站的优选实施方式中,所述换电平台还包括安全装置,所述安全装置包括设置在所述换电平台出入口的安全道闸和信号灯、设置在所述换电平台四个角上用于防止事故发生的防护立柱、设置在所述换电平台四周的护栏和起警示作用的警示灯。In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles, the power swapping platform further includes a safety device, and the safety device includes a safety gate and a signal light arranged at the entrance and exit of the power swapping platform, The four corners of the power platform are used to prevent accidents from happening, the guardrails arranged around the power exchange platform and the warning lights for warning.
本领域技术人员能够理解的是,由于本实用新型的充电架具有分层式模块结构,使得换电小车在充电架内部自由穿梭并且能够直接从充电架上取放电池,因此,本实用新型能够最大程度地节省充电平台的空间。同时,由于换电小车能够直接从充电架上取放电池,无需任何中间机构的辅助,使得本实用新型能够最大程度地简化电池取放结构并相应地简化操作程序。此外,本实用新型的小型自动充换电站包括换电平台、充电平台、换电系统和控制系统四个部分,换电平台占据一个车位大小,并通过将电动汽车举升到一定高度来进行换电操作,从而,该换电站在不需要进行土建的情况下即可对电动汽车进行换电操作。另外,通过控制系统对整个换电站进行管控,实时传递换电站当前各种设备及电池状态到云服务系统,有利于统一管理维护。综上所述,本实用新型的技术方案占地面积小,可灵活布置在现有城市的地面停车场、地下以及其他各种适宜停车的环境,进行快速换电。Those skilled in the art can understand that, because the charging stand of the present invention has a layered module structure, the battery exchange trolley can shuttle freely inside the charging stand and can directly pick up and place batteries from the charging stand. Therefore, the present utility model can Save space on the charging platform to the greatest extent. At the same time, since the battery replacement trolley can directly pick and place the battery from the charging stand without the assistance of any intermediate mechanism, the utility model can simplify the battery picking and placing structure to the greatest extent and correspondingly simplify the operation procedure. In addition, the small automatic charging and swapping station of the utility model includes four parts: a battery swapping platform, a charging platform, a battery swapping system and a control system. Electric operation, thus, the power exchange station can perform power exchange operations for electric vehicles without the need for civil engineering. In addition, the control system manages and controls the entire power station, and transmits the current status of various equipment and batteries in the power station to the cloud service system in real time, which is conducive to unified management and maintenance. To sum up, the technical solution of the utility model occupies a small area, and can be flexibly arranged in existing urban ground parking lots, underground and other environments suitable for parking for quick battery replacement.
方案1、一种电动汽车小型自动充换电站,包括换电平台、充电平台、换电系统和控制系统,其中,所述换电平台、所述充电平台和所述换电系统分别与所述控制系统连接,所述换电平台包括换电集装箱和容纳在换电集装箱中用于停放车辆的停车底座,所述充电平台包括充电集装箱和容纳在充电集装箱中用于对动力电池充电以及存储的充电架,所述换电系统包括用于对所述停车底座上停放的车辆的动力电池进行更换的换电小车,所述控制系统用于管理和控制所述换电平台、所述充电平台和所述换电系统的工作,其特征在于,所述换电小车能够在所述换电平台与所述充电平台之间自由穿梭,并且能够从所述充电架上直接取出电池和将换下的电池直接放回所述充电架上。Scheme 1. A small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles, including a battery swapping platform, a charging platform, a battery swapping system, and a control system, wherein the battery swapping platform, the charging platform, and the battery swapping system are respectively connected to the The control system is connected, the power exchange platform includes a battery exchange container and a parking base accommodated in the battery exchange container for parking the vehicle, and the charging platform includes a charging container and a battery for charging and storing the power battery contained in the charging container Charging frame, the power exchange system includes a battery exchange trolley for replacing the power battery of the vehicle parked on the parking base, and the control system is used to manage and control the battery exchange platform, the charging platform and The work of the battery exchange system is characterized in that the battery exchange trolley can freely shuttle between the battery exchange platform and the charging platform, and can directly take out the battery from the charging stand and replace the battery The battery is placed directly back on the charging stand.
方案2、根据方案1所述的电动汽车小型自动充换电站,其特征在于,所述充电架包括至少一个电池存储模块,每个所述电池存储模块包括充电层、存储层和移动层,所述充电层中设置有给电池充电的充电机,所述存储层用于存放电池,所述移动层中设置有第一导轨,所述换电小车能够沿所述第一导轨在水平方向上运动。Solution 2. The small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles according to solution 1, wherein the charging stand includes at least one battery storage module, and each battery storage module includes a charging layer, a storage layer and a moving layer, so The charging layer is provided with a charger for charging the battery, the storage layer is used to store the battery, the moving layer is provided with a first guide rail, and the battery replacement trolley can move in the horizontal direction along the first guide rail .
方案3、根据方案2所述的电动汽车小型自动充换电站,其特征在于,所述充电架还包括与所述电池存储模块相邻设置的起降机模块,所述起降机模块中设置有第二导轨,所述换电小车能够沿所述第二导轨在水平方向上运动,并且所述第二导轨能够在竖直方向上带动所述换电小车运动。Solution 3. The small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles according to solution 2, characterized in that, the charging rack further includes a lifting machine module arranged adjacent to the battery storage module, and a lifting machine module is set in the lifting machine module There is a second guide rail, the battery swap trolley can move in the horizontal direction along the second guide rail, and the second guide rail can drive the battery swap trolley to move in the vertical direction.
方案4、根据方案3所述的电动汽车小型自动充换电站,其特征在于,该电动汽车小型自动充换电站还包括设置在所述换电平台和所述充电平台之间的第三导轨,所述换电小车能够沿所述第三导轨在所述换电平台与所述充电架之间移动,并且当所述第二导轨下降到最低位置时,所述第二导轨便与所述第三导轨对接起来,使得所述换电小车能够从所述第三导轨移动到所述第二导轨上。Scheme 4. The small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles according to scheme 3, characterized in that the small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles further includes a third guide rail arranged between the battery swapping platform and the charging platform, The battery exchange trolley can move between the battery exchange platform and the charging stand along the third guide rail, and when the second guide rail descends to the lowest position, the second guide rail and the first guide rail The three guide rails are butted together, so that the battery swap trolley can move from the third guide rail to the second guide rail.
方案5、根据方案4所述的电动汽车小型自动充换电站,其特征在于,所述控制系统包括充换电控制模块、通信模块和人机交互界面,所述充换电控制模块用于控制所述换电平台、所述换电系统和所述充电平台的工作;所述通信模块用于与云服务系统通讯并实时上传充换电站的状态;所述人机交互界面用于用户与所述控制系统进行信息交互。Scheme 5. The small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles according to Scheme 4, wherein the control system includes a charging and swapping control module, a communication module and a human-computer interaction interface, and the charging and swapping control module is used to control The work of the battery exchange platform, the battery exchange system, and the charging platform; the communication module is used to communicate with the cloud service system and upload the status of the charging station in real time; the human-computer interaction interface is used for the user to communicate with the charging platform The control system performs information exchange.
方案6、根据方案5所述的电动汽车小型自动充换电站,其特征在于,所述换电小车包括车座、设置在车座底部用于沿所述第三导轨运动的滚轮、设置在车座顶部的举升机、安装在所述举升机上用于承载动力电池的换电举升平台和安装在所述换电举升平台上的电池加解锁机构,所述电池加解锁机构用于对电动汽车的动力电池进行定位、解锁以及锁定动力电池到电动汽车。Scheme 6. The small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles according to Scheme 5, characterized in that the battery swap trolley includes a vehicle seat, rollers arranged at the bottom of the vehicle seat for moving along the third guide rail, and arranged on the vehicle seat. The lift on the top of the seat, the power exchange lifting platform installed on the lift for carrying the power battery, and the battery unlocking mechanism installed on the battery exchange lifting platform, the battery unlocking mechanism is used for Locate, unlock and lock the power battery of the electric vehicle to the electric vehicle.
方案7、根据方案1至6中任一项所述的电动汽车小型自动充换电站,其特征在于,所述换电平台还包括设置在所述停车底座上的汽车定位系统和举升装置,所述汽车定位系统用于对停放在所述停车底座上的车辆进行定位,所述举升装置用于对停放在所述停车底座上的车辆进行升降。Scheme 7. The electric vehicle small automatic charging and swapping station according to any one of schemes 1 to 6, wherein the power swapping platform further includes a vehicle positioning system and a lifting device arranged on the parking base, The vehicle positioning system is used for positioning the vehicle parked on the parking base, and the lifting device is used for lifting the vehicle parked on the parking base.
方案8、根据方案7所述的电动汽车小型自动充换电站,其特征在于,所述汽车定位系统包括引导电动汽车驶向所述换电平台的引导斜坡、用于检测电动汽车白车身位置的传感器以及用于驱动电动汽车轮胎移动来调整电动汽车位置的驱动装置,所述控制系统根据所述传感器检测到的信息指示所述驱动装置执行操作。Solution 8. The small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles according to solution 7, characterized in that the vehicle positioning system includes a guide slope for guiding the electric vehicle to the battery exchange platform, and a device for detecting the position of the body-in-white of the electric vehicle. The sensor and the driving device used to drive the tires of the electric vehicle to move to adjust the position of the electric vehicle, the control system instructs the driving device to perform operations according to the information detected by the sensor.
方案9、根据方案8所述的电动汽车小型自动充换电站,其特征在于,所述传感器包括设置在所述换电平台前后方向上的四个位置传感器和设置在所述换电平台两侧的四个超声波传感器,当电动汽车沿所述引导斜坡驶向所述换电平台后,所述位置传感器用于检测白车身相对于所述换电平台前后方向的位置,并通过指示灯指示司机对电动汽车进行前后微调,所述超声波传感器用于检测白车身相对于所述换电平台两侧沿的位置,并将检测到的信息实时发送给所述控制系统。Solution 9. The small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles according to solution 8, characterized in that the sensors include four position sensors arranged in the front and rear directions of the battery changing platform and four position sensors arranged on both sides of the battery changing platform. When the electric vehicle drives to the battery exchange platform along the guide slope, the position sensor is used to detect the position of the body in white relative to the front and rear directions of the battery exchange platform, and indicate the driver through the indicator light The electric vehicle is fine-tuned front and rear, and the ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the position of the body in white relative to the two sides of the battery exchange platform, and send the detected information to the control system in real time.
方案10、根据方案9所述的电动汽车小型自动充换电站,其特征在于,所述汽车定位系统还包括减速定位带,当电动汽车沿所述引导斜坡驶向所述换电平台时,所述减速定位带用于辅助电动汽车进行前后方向的粗定位。Solution 10. The small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles according to solution 9, characterized in that the vehicle positioning system also includes a deceleration positioning belt, and when the electric vehicle drives to the battery swapping platform along the guiding slope, the The deceleration positioning belt is used to assist the rough positioning of the electric vehicle in the front and rear directions.
方案11、根据方案10所述的电动汽车小型自动充换电站,其特征在于,所述举升装置包括起升立柱和驱动机构,所述驱动机构驱动所述起升立柱并带动电动汽车升降。Solution 11. The small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles according to solution 10, characterized in that the lifting device includes a lifting column and a driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism drives the lifting column and drives the electric vehicle up and down.
方案12、根据方案11所述的电动汽车小型自动充换电站,其特征在于,所述换电平台还包括安全装置,所述安全装置包括设置在所述换电平台出入口的安全道闸和信号灯、设置在所述换电平台四个角上用于防止事故发生的防护立柱、设置在所述换电平台四周的护栏和起警示作用的警示灯。Solution 12. The small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles according to solution 11, characterized in that the power changing platform further includes a safety device, and the safety device includes a safety gate and a signal light arranged at the entrance and exit of the power changing platform . Protective columns arranged on the four corners of the power exchange platform to prevent accidents, guardrails arranged around the power exchange platform, and warning lights for warning.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型的电动汽车小型自动充换电站的俯视图;Fig. 1 is the plan view of electric vehicle small-sized automatic charging and changing station of the present utility model;
图2是本实用新型的电动汽车小型自动充换电站的系统构成图;Fig. 2 is a system configuration diagram of a small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles of the present utility model;
图3是本实用新型的电动汽车小型自动充换电站的换电小车的结构示意图;Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a battery-swapping trolley of a small-sized automatic charging-swapping station for electric vehicles of the present invention;
图4是本实用新型的电动汽车小型自动充换电站的充电架侧面结构示意图;Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the charging rack of the small automatic charging and changing station for electric vehicles of the present invention;
图5是本实用新型的电动汽车小型自动充换电站的换电小车在充电架和换电平台之间移动时的俯视示意图,为了清楚起见省略了图中A端的换电平台;Fig. 5 is a top view schematic diagram of the electric vehicle small automatic charging and swapping station of the utility model when the battery swap trolley moves between the charging stand and the battery swapping platform, and the battery swapping platform at the A end in the figure is omitted for the sake of clarity;
图6A是本实用新型的电动汽车小型自动充换电站的电池存储模块的结构示意图;Fig. 6A is a structural schematic diagram of a battery storage module of a small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles of the present invention;
图6B是本实用新型的电动汽车小型自动充换电站的电池存储模块的另一种结构示意图;Fig. 6B is another schematic structural view of the battery storage module of the small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles of the present invention;
图6C是本实用新型的电动汽车小型自动充换电站的起降机模块的结构示意图;Fig. 6C is a structural schematic diagram of the lifter module of the electric vehicle small automatic charging and swapping station of the present invention;
图7是本实用新型的电动汽车小型自动充换电站的换电平台的结构示意图。Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a battery exchange platform of a small automatic charging and exchange station for electric vehicles of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面参照附图来描述本实用新型的优选实施方式。本领域技术人员应当理解的是,这些实施方式仅仅用于解释本实用新型的技术原理,并非旨在限制本实用新型的保护范围。本领域技术人员可以根据需要对其作出调整,以便适应具体的应用场合。Preferred embodiments of the present utility model are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principle of the utility model, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the utility model. Those skilled in the art can make adjustments as needed so as to adapt to specific applications.
在本实用新型的描述中,需要说明的是,术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方向或位置关系的术语是基于附图所示的方向或位置关系,这仅仅是为了便于描述,而不是指示或暗示所述装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本实用新型的限制。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" The terms indicating the direction or positional relationship are based on the direction or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be configured in a specific orientation, and operation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation of the utility model. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
在本实用新型的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域技术人员而言,可根据具体情况理解上述术语在本实用新型中的具体含义。In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a flexible connection. Detachable connection, or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; it can be direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to specific situations.
本实用新型的目的是提供一种小型化的自动充换电站,该自动充换电站包括换电平台、充电平台、换电系统和控制系统。其中,换电平台占据一个停车位大小,充电平台通过分层式模块结构设计的充电架,并配合能够自由穿梭于充电架内部并且能够直接从充电架上取放电池的换电小车,能够最大程度地节省充电平台的空间以及简化电池取放的机构和操作程序。因此,本实用新型的技术方案能够实现将换电站灵活设置在现有城市的地面停车场、地下以及其他各种适宜停车的环境的。下面结合附图对本实用新型的各个结构进行详细说明。The purpose of the utility model is to provide a miniaturized automatic charging and swapping station, which includes a swapping platform, a charging platform, a swapping system and a control system. Among them, the battery exchange platform occupies the size of a parking space. The charging platform adopts a charging rack designed with a layered module structure, and cooperates with a battery exchange trolley that can freely shuttle inside the charging rack and can directly pick up and place batteries from the charging rack. It saves the space of the charging platform to the greatest extent and simplifies the mechanism and operation procedures of battery pick-and-place. Therefore, the technical solution of the utility model can flexibly arrange the battery swap station in the ground parking lot, underground and other environments suitable for parking in existing cities. Each structure of the present utility model is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
首先参照图1,图1是本实用新型的换电站的俯视图。如图1所示,本实用新型的电动汽车小型自动充换电站主要包括两大部分:换电平台1和充电平台2。尽管图1中没有示出,本实用新型的换电站实际上还包括换电系统和控制整个换电站操作的控制系统。换电平台1包括换电集装箱10,该换电集装箱10用于将换电平台1的其他装置纳入其中,以使换电平台1整体上更简洁整齐,用于停放车辆的停车底座也容纳在该换电集装箱10内。充电平台2包括充电集装箱20,该充电集装箱20用于将充电平台2的其他装置纳入其中,以使充电平台2整体上更简洁整齐,用于对动力电池充电以及存储的充电架也容纳在该充电集装箱内。进一步地,换电平台1的停车底座上设置有汽车定位系统和举升装置,当电动汽车需要进行换电时,待换电的电动汽车停放在换电平台1的停车底座上,通过汽车定位系统对停放在停车底座上的电动汽车进行定位,定位完成后,通过举升装置将电动汽车举升到一定高度,然后由换电系统对电动汽车进行换电,并将换下的电池运送到充电平台2的电池架上。具体地,参阅图5,换电系统包括换电小车30,该换电小车30能够对停放在停车底座上的电动汽车的动力电池进行更换。具体而言,参照图3,该图是本实用新型的电动汽车小型自动充换电站的换电小车30的结构示意图。如图3所示,换电小车30包括车座301、设置在车座301底部的滚轮302、设置在车座301顶部的举升机303、安装在举升机303上用于承载动力电池的换电举升平台304和安装在换电举升平台304上的电池加解锁机构(图中未示出),该电池加解锁机构能够实现对电动汽车的动力电池进行定位、解锁以及锁定动力电池到电动汽车的功能。当电动汽车通过举升装置上升到一定高度后,换电小车30运动到电动汽车底部,举升机303带动换电举升平台304上升,使换电举升平台304能够托住电池底部,然后由电池加解锁机构对电池进行解锁操作,解锁后,电池随换电举升平台304下降,换电小车30将电池运送到充电平台2的充电架上进行充电。Referring to Fig. 1 first, Fig. 1 is a top view of the power station of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , the small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles of the present invention mainly includes two parts: a battery swapping platform 1 and a charging platform 2 . Although not shown in FIG. 1 , the power exchange station of the present invention actually includes a power exchange system and a control system for controlling the operation of the entire exchange station. The power exchange platform 1 includes a power exchange container 10, which is used to incorporate other devices of the power exchange platform 1, so that the power exchange platform 1 is more concise and tidy as a whole, and the parking base for parking vehicles is also accommodated in the Inside the power exchange container 10 . The charging platform 2 includes a charging container 20, which is used to incorporate other devices of the charging platform 2, so that the charging platform 2 as a whole is more concise and tidy, and the charging rack for charging and storing the power battery is also accommodated in the charging platform 2. Inside the charging container. Further, the parking base of the power exchange platform 1 is provided with a vehicle positioning system and a lifting device. When the electric vehicle needs to be replaced, the electric vehicle to be replaced is parked on the parking base of the power exchange platform 1, and the vehicle positioning system The system locates the electric vehicle parked on the parking base. After the positioning is completed, the electric vehicle is lifted to a certain height by the lifting device, and then the electric vehicle is replaced by the battery replacement system, and the replaced battery is transported to on the battery rack of the charging platform 2. Specifically, referring to FIG. 5 , the battery swapping system includes a battery swapping trolley 30 capable of replacing a power battery of an electric vehicle parked on a parking base. Specifically, refer to FIG. 3 , which is a structural schematic diagram of a battery exchange trolley 30 of a small automatic charging and exchange station for electric vehicles of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3 , the battery exchange trolley 30 includes a vehicle seat 301 , a roller 302 disposed at the bottom of the vehicle seat 301 , a lift 303 disposed on the top of the vehicle seat 301 , and a battery mounted on the lift 303 for carrying the power battery. The power exchange lifting platform 304 and the battery unlocking mechanism (not shown in the figure) installed on the battery exchange lifting platform 304, the battery unlocking mechanism can realize the positioning, unlocking and locking of the power battery of the electric vehicle to the functionality of electric vehicles. When the electric vehicle rises to a certain height through the lifting device, the battery replacement trolley 30 moves to the bottom of the electric vehicle, and the lift 303 drives the battery replacement lifting platform 304 to rise, so that the battery replacement lifting platform 304 can hold the bottom of the battery, and then The battery is unlocked by the battery plus unlocking mechanism. After unlocking, the battery descends with the power exchange lifting platform 304, and the battery exchange trolley 30 transports the battery to the charging rack of the charging platform 2 for charging.
接下来参照图4,图4是本实用新型的电动汽车小型自动充换电站的充电架的侧面结构示意图。如图4所示,本实施例中以两层充电架结构为例进行说明,本领域技术人员能够理解的是,该充电架采用的是分层模块化设计,能够通过扩展以及收缩来满足不同换电站面积和容量的需求,因此,本实施例中仅仅是作为示例说明,并不用于限定本实用新型的充电架结构。该充电架包括电池存储模块211和起降机模块212。具体地,参照图6A、6B和6C,电池存储模块211包括最上面的充电层、中间的存储层和最下面的移动层,其中,充电层中设置有给电池充电的充电机,存储层用于存放电池,移动层中设置有第一导轨2111,换电小车能够沿该第一导轨2111在水平方向上运动。其中第一导轨2111有两种结构,分别为图6A所示能够在四个水平方向上运动的第一导轨2111和图6B所示的在两个水平方向上运动的第一导轨2111。起降机模块212与电池存储模块211相邻设置,起降机模块212中设置有第二导轨2121,换电小车30能够沿第二导轨2121在两个或四个水平方向上运动,并且第二导轨2121能够在竖直方向上带动换电小车运动。因此,当换电小车30将电池运送到充电平台2的充电架时,换电小车30能够直接移动到充电架内,将换下的电池直接放回充电架上并从充电架上直接取出电池。具体而言,以两层结构充电架为例,首先换电小车30沿第二导轨2121移动到起降机模块212内,第二导轨2121带动换电小车30上升到第二层,然后,换电小车30从第二导轨2121移动到第一导轨2111上,进入电池存储模块211内,并将电池放置在存储层,通过充电机对该电池进行充电。最后取出充电架内的满电电池,并沿第一导轨2111返回到第二导轨2121上,接着借助第二导轨2121的升降功能返回地面。Referring next to FIG. 4 , FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the charging rack of the electric vehicle small automatic charging and swapping station of the present invention. As shown in Figure 4, in this embodiment, the two-layer charging stand structure is used as an example for illustration. Those skilled in the art can understand that the charging stand adopts a layered modular design, which can meet different needs through expansion and contraction. The requirements for the area and capacity of the power station, therefore, this embodiment is only used as an example for illustration, and is not used to limit the structure of the charging stand of the present invention. The charging stand includes a battery storage module 211 and a lifter module 212 . Specifically, referring to Figures 6A, 6B and 6C, the battery storage module 211 includes the uppermost charging layer, the middle storage layer and the lowermost moving layer, wherein the charging layer is provided with a charger for charging the battery, and the storage layer is used for For storing the battery, a first guide rail 2111 is arranged in the moving layer, and the battery replacement trolley can move along the first guide rail 2111 in the horizontal direction. The first guide rail 2111 has two structures, namely the first guide rail 2111 capable of moving in four horizontal directions shown in FIG. 6A and the first guide rail 2111 movable in two horizontal directions shown in FIG. 6B . The elevator module 212 is arranged adjacent to the battery storage module 211, and the elevator module 212 is provided with a second guide rail 2121, and the battery exchange trolley 30 can move in two or four horizontal directions along the second guide rail 2121, and the second The second guide rail 2121 can drive the battery swap trolley to move in the vertical direction. Therefore, when the battery exchange trolley 30 transports the battery to the charging rack of the charging platform 2, the battery exchange trolley 30 can directly move into the charging rack, put the replaced battery back on the charging rack and take out the battery directly from the charging rack. . Specifically, taking the two-layer structure charging rack as an example, firstly, the battery swap trolley 30 moves into the elevator module 212 along the second guide rail 2121, and the second guide rail 2121 drives the battery swap trolley 30 up to the second floor. The electric trolley 30 moves from the second guide rail 2121 to the first guide rail 2111, enters the battery storage module 211, places the battery on the storage layer, and charges the battery through the charger. Finally, take out the fully charged battery in the charging stand, and return to the second guide rail 2121 along the first guide rail 2111, and then return to the ground by means of the lifting function of the second guide rail 2121.
接下来参照图5,图5是本实用新型的电动汽车小型自动充换电站的换电小车在充电架和换电平台之间移动时的俯视示意图,为了清楚起见省略了图中A端的换电平台。如图5所示,A端为换电平台1(图中未示出),B端为充电架,A端和B端之间设置有第三导轨4,换电小车能够通过设置在车座301底部的滚轮302沿第三导轨4在换电平台1与充电架之间移动,并且当第二导轨2121下降到最低位置时,第二导轨2121便与第三导轨4对接起来,使得换电小车能够从第三导轨4移动到第二导轨2121上。换电小车在A端时将电动汽车的低电量动力电池取下,之后运动到B端并移动到第二导轨2121上,进而进入充电架,将低电量电池放到充电架上进行充电,取下满电电池后再沿第三导轨4运动回A端进行电池的安装,完成整个换电过程。由于换电平台1和充电平台(也即充电架)之间设置的第三导轨4,实现了换电小车在换电平台1与充电平台之间的自由穿梭。Next, refer to Fig. 5. Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of the electric vehicle small-scale automatic charging and exchanging station of the present invention when the battery exchanging trolley moves between the charging rack and the exchanging platform. platform. As shown in Figure 5, end A is the battery exchange platform 1 (not shown in the figure), end B is the charging stand, and a third guide rail 4 is provided between end A and end B, and the battery exchange trolley can be installed on the vehicle seat The roller 302 at the bottom of the 301 moves along the third guide rail 4 between the power exchange platform 1 and the charging rack, and when the second guide rail 2121 drops to the lowest position, the second guide rail 2121 docks with the third guide rail 4, so that the power exchange The trolley can move from the third guide rail 4 to the second guide rail 2121 . When the battery replacement trolley is at terminal A, remove the low-power power battery of the electric vehicle, then move to terminal B and move to the second guide rail 2121, and then enter the charging stand, put the low-power battery on the charging stand for charging, and then remove After the battery is fully charged, move along the third guide rail 4 back to end A to install the battery and complete the entire battery replacement process. Due to the third guide rail 4 provided between the battery swapping platform 1 and the charging platform (that is, the charging stand), the free shuttle of the battery swapping trolley between the battery swapping platform 1 and the charging platform is realized.
返回去参阅图2,图2是本实用新型的电动汽车小型自动充换电站的系统构成图。该图中示出了本实用新型的换电站的各个单元的主要机构。如图2所示,电动汽车小型自动充换电站包括换电平台1、充电平台2、换电系统和控制系统,其中,换电平台1、充电平台2和换电系统分别与控制系统连接。控制系统包括充换电控制模块、通信模块和人机交互界面,用户可以通过人机交互界面操作控制系统对该电动汽车小型自动充换电站进行管理,同时该控制系统能够通过通信模块与上层云服务系统进行信息交互,从而实时地将电动汽车小型自动充换电站当前的各种设备及电池状况上传到云服务系统。通信模块通过互联网与上层云服务系统进行连接。充换电控制模块用于控制换电平台、充电平台和换电系统中每个构件的操作。换电系统实现换电平台1和充电平台2之间的电池更换。换电平台1包括汽车定位系统、举升装置和安全装置。其中,安全装置包括设置在换电平台1出入口的安全道闸和信号灯、设置在换电平台1四个角上用于防止事故发生的防护立柱、设置在换电平台1四周的护栏和起警示作用的警示灯。汽车定位系统用于对换电平台停放车辆进行定位,包括引导斜坡、减速定位带、位置传感器、超声波传感器、驱动装置,通过上述结构实现对电动汽车的定位。举升装置包括起升立柱和驱动机构。换电平台1的具体结构参照图7进行说明。Referring back to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is a system configuration diagram of a small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles of the present invention. This figure shows the main mechanism of each unit of the power exchange station of the present invention. As shown in Figure 2, the small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles includes a battery swapping platform 1, a charging platform 2, a battery swapping system and a control system, wherein the battery swapping platform 1, charging platform 2 and the battery swapping system are respectively connected to the control system. The control system includes a charging and swapping control module, a communication module and a human-computer interaction interface. Users can operate the control system through the human-computer interaction interface to manage the small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles. At the same time, the control system can communicate with the upper cloud through the communication module. The service system performs information interaction, so as to upload the current various equipment and battery status of the electric vehicle small automatic charging and swapping station to the cloud service system in real time. The communication module is connected with the upper cloud service system through the Internet. The charging and swapping control module is used to control the operation of each component in the swapping platform, the charging platform and the swapping system. The battery exchange system realizes battery exchange between the battery exchange platform 1 and the charging platform 2. The power exchange platform 1 includes a vehicle positioning system, a lifting device and a safety device. Among them, the safety devices include the safety gates and signal lights installed at the entrance and exit of the power exchange platform 1, the protective pillars set on the four corners of the power exchange platform 1 to prevent accidents, the guardrails and warning signs installed around the power exchange platform 1. Functional warning light. The vehicle positioning system is used to locate the parked vehicles on the battery exchange platform, including guide slopes, deceleration positioning belts, position sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and driving devices. The positioning of electric vehicles is realized through the above structure. The lifting device includes a lifting column and a driving mechanism. The specific structure of the power exchange platform 1 will be described with reference to FIG. 7 .
图7是本实用新型的电动汽车小型自动充换电站的换电平台的结构示意图。如图7所示,汽车定位系统的具体定位过程如下:首先电动汽车沿引导斜坡驶向换电平台1的停车底座,然后在减速定位带辅助下进行前后方向的粗定位,该减速定位带包括设置在换电平台1前方用于限定前轮的两个减速带和设置在换电平台后方用于限定后轮的两个减速带。再然后通过位置传感器检测白车身的位置,该位置传感器设置在四个位置,分别为位于白车身前沿的白车身前沿检测传感器I和白车身前沿检测传感器II以及位于白车身后沿的白车身后沿检测传感器I白车身后沿检测传感器II。通过这四个位置的传感器检测白车身位置,并通过指示灯提示司机对电动汽车进行前后位置的微调,调整到位后司机熄火离开车子。最后通过超声波传感器检测白车身距离左右两侧的距离。同样地,该超声波传感器设置在四个位置,分别位于白车身右沿的白车身右沿检测传感器I和白车身右沿检测传感器II以及位于白车身左沿的白车身左沿检测传感器I和白车身左沿检测传感器II。通过这四个位置的超声波传感器检测白车身距离左右两侧的距离,由驱动装置对电动汽车进行左右方向的调整。该驱动装置分别为设置在换电平台前后用于驱动电动汽车前轮胎和后轮胎的白车身左右偏移驱动装置。电动汽车停在起升平台上,减速定位带也设置在该起升平台上,起升平台与起升立柱连接,起升立柱设置在换电平台的四个角上,驱动机构驱动起升立柱并带动起升平台升降,从而将电动汽车举升到一定高度,使换电小车能够运动到汽车底部完成换电操作。该驱动机构可以通过滚珠丝杆的方式传递驱动力,当然也可以是其他合适的结构作为传动副。Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a battery exchange platform of a small automatic charging and exchange station for electric vehicles of the present invention. As shown in Figure 7, the specific positioning process of the vehicle positioning system is as follows: first, the electric vehicle drives to the parking base of the power exchange platform 1 along the guiding slope, and then performs rough positioning in the front and rear directions with the assistance of the deceleration positioning belt. The deceleration positioning belt includes Two deceleration belts arranged in front of the power exchange platform 1 for limiting the front wheels and two deceleration belts arranged behind the power exchange platform for defining the rear wheels. Then detect the position of the body-in-white through the position sensor. The position sensors are arranged in four positions, namely the front edge detection sensor I and the front edge detection sensor II of the body-in-white located at the front edge of the body-in-white, and the rear body-in-white located at the rear edge of the body-in-white. Edge detection sensor I Body-in-white rear edge detection sensor II. The position of the body-in-white is detected by the sensors at these four positions, and the driver is prompted to fine-tune the front and rear positions of the electric car through the indicator lights. After the adjustment is in place, the driver turns off the engine and leaves the car. Finally, the ultrasonic sensor detects the distance between the body in white and the left and right sides. Likewise, the ultrasonic sensors are arranged at four positions, respectively the BIW right edge detection sensor I and the BIW right edge detection sensor II located at the BIW right edge and the BIW left edge detection sensor I and BIW located at the left edge of the BIW. Vehicle body left edge detection sensor II. The ultrasonic sensors at these four positions detect the distance between the body in white and the left and right sides, and the driving device adjusts the left and right directions of the electric vehicle. The drive devices are the left and right offset drive devices of the body in white, which are arranged at the front and back of the power exchange platform and are used to drive the front tires and rear tires of the electric vehicle. The electric vehicle is parked on the lifting platform, the deceleration positioning belt is also set on the lifting platform, the lifting platform is connected with the lifting column, the lifting column is set on the four corners of the power exchange platform, and the driving mechanism drives the lifting column And drive the lifting platform up and down, so as to lift the electric vehicle to a certain height, so that the battery swap trolley can move to the bottom of the car to complete the battery swap operation. The driving mechanism can transmit the driving force through a ball screw, and of course other suitable structures can also be used as the transmission pair.
综上所述,该电动汽车小型自动充换电站的工作过程如下:电动汽车沿引导斜坡倒车进入换电平台,通过汽车定位系统被自动调整到一定的位置,换电系统从充电平台获取充满电的动力电池,移动到电动汽车下方,进行电池更换,然后将取下的低电量电池送入充电平台开始充电。换电完毕后,电动汽车正向驶出换电平台。整个换电过程由控制系统进行管控,控制系统与上层云服务系统进行通信与信号交互,实时传递站点当前各种设备及电池状态。To sum up, the working process of the small automatic charging and swapping station for electric vehicles is as follows: the electric vehicle reverses along the guide slope and enters the battery swapping platform, and is automatically adjusted to a certain position through the vehicle positioning system, and the battery swapping system obtains a full charge from the charging platform. Move the power battery under the electric vehicle to replace the battery, and then send the removed low-power battery to the charging platform to start charging. After the battery swap is completed, the electric vehicle is driving out of the battery swap platform in the forward direction. The entire battery replacement process is controlled by the control system, which communicates and interacts with signals with the upper-level cloud service system, and transmits the current status of various devices and batteries at the site in real time.
至此,已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本实用新型的技术方案,但是,本领域技术人员容易理解的是,本实用新型的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本实用新型的原理的前提下,本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征作出等同的更改或替换,这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本实用新型的保护范围之内。So far, the technical solution of the utility model has been described in conjunction with the preferred implementations shown in the accompanying drawings, however, those skilled in the art can easily understand that the protection scope of the utility model is obviously not limited to these specific implementations. On the premise of not departing from the principle of the utility model, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will all fall within the protection scope of the utility model.
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