CN205755411U - Centrifugal small particle seed precision planter - Google Patents

Centrifugal small particle seed precision planter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN205755411U
CN205755411U CN201620371154.6U CN201620371154U CN205755411U CN 205755411 U CN205755411 U CN 205755411U CN 201620371154 U CN201620371154 U CN 201620371154U CN 205755411 U CN205755411 U CN 205755411U
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China
Prior art keywords
seed
centrifugal
seeding
fixed
grain conductor
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201620371154.6U
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
廖宜涛
廖庆喜
刘洁
丁幼春
张照
曹秀英
张闻宇
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Huazhong Agricultural University
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Huazhong Agricultural University
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Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of centrifugal small particle seed precision planter, including Mini-tiller power unit, hanging mechanisms and seeding unit etc.;This utility model mechanical centrifugal formula concentrates seeding, and metering system simple in construction, during seeding, seed is not subject to shear action, is not susceptible to breakage, stopping state.

Description

Centrifugal small particle seed precision planter
Technical field
This utility model relates to sowing seeds technology field in agricultural machinery, particularly belongs to a kind of centrifugal small particle seed Precision planter.
Background technology
The oil plants such as Brassica campestris L, Radix Raphani, Chinese cabbage, green vegetable, vegetable crop seed grain average geometric particle diameter within 5mm, belong to Small particle seed crops category, traditional cultivation method is to use culturing and transplanting seedlings or first manually slip kind, broadcast sowing rear thinning, final singling, Operation is various, labor intensity is big, waste seed manure, economic benefit is the highest, production efficiency is low.Mechanization precision drilling energy distance between rows and hills is equal Even, saving seed, production efficiency height, be the inexorable trend of agricultural modernization production development.
Current seeder has big-and-middle-sized combined operation seeder and little miniature single sowing machine two kinds, big-and-middle-sized It is supporting power that combined operation seeder tool is typically the four-wheel tractor with power more than 40 kilowatts, be integrated with cultivated wholely, The multifunction modules such as fertilising, ditching, ridging, precision drilling, suppression of soil, closing weeding, can once complete the multinomial work of live operation Sequence, efficiency is high;Advanced big-and-middle-sized seeder generally uses Pneumatic type seeding technology, provides source of the gas with airborne air pump, with air-flow Completing to take kind for carrier, protect kind, charge seed, to seed not damaged, seeding accuracy is high;But this kind of facility are relatively costly, farm work Radius of turn is big, is suitable for the live mechanization of the big field in plains region, is not suitable for area, Hills, Small burden, scientific research Mechanization sowing in experimental plot, facility plastic greenhouse.
Existing little miniature single sowing machine, generally the hand-held two-wheel tractor with below 8Kw is supporting power, adopts Nest eye wheel type or cylinder cellular type feed mechanism for seed, although simple in construction, but low little of little for particle diameter, lightweight, shear strength Particle diameter seed, is easily formed seed percentage of damage, and planting does not the most easily block pocket type hole, application rate is difficult to the problems such as accurate control, Technical merit is relatively low.
Application No. " 201010595786.8 ", the China of patent entitled " a kind of centrifugal centralized type rape precise seed metering device " Utility model patent, its dependence centrifugal force realizes a device multirow seeding, simple in construction and injuring-free seed, goes out and plant uniformly, feed mechanism for seed Discharge capacity increases along with the increase of rotating speed, and rotating speed is the discharge capacity of feed mechanism for seed and inner conical-tube rotating speed between 135r/min-180r/min Approximately linear relation, can realize broadcasting of Different Crop seed by changing the external conical-tube of differently configured seed outlet version Kind, the sowing of different line number can be realized by differently configured quantity seed output pipe.Seeder when farm work, application rate stability Closely related with feed mechanism for seed flow rate, seeder pace etc..Traditional seeder, by ground wheel drive feed mechanism for seed, makes seeding Device flow rate keeps consistent with the change of the seeder speed of travel, thus the application rate of guarantor unit's area is stable;Above-mentioned centrifugal Feed mechanism for seed working speed is higher, therefore frequently with the active seeding of DC motor Driver.
Application No. " 201110267140.1 ", in patent entitled " a kind of centrifugal integrally arranged rapeseed combined direct seeding machine " State's utility model patent, its feed mechanism for seed uses centrifugal integrated arranging feed mechanism for seed, stepping motor drives, and pass through stepping motor Controller controls stepping motor power output shaft speed, the startup of stepping motor, stops and suspending.But this seeder is being made During industry, the working speed of feed mechanism for seed is unrelated with the pace speed of seeder, and seeder is born by operator, operation Carry, the impact of table status, pace becomes and changes, and causes field sowing Grain distribution uneven, finally affects crop Growth promoter.
Utility model content
In order to overcome above-mentioned not enough this utility model to provide a kind of centrifugal small particle seed precision planter.
A kind of centrifugal small particle seed precision planter, including Mini-tiller power unit, hanging mechanisms 3 and seeding list Unit, it is characterised in that: one end of described hanging mechanisms 3 is connected with Mini-tiller power unit, the other end of described hanging mechanisms 3 and Seeding unit connects, and the lower section of described hanging mechanisms 3 is provided with trench digging covering device, described Mini-tiller power unit is provided with and broadcasts Plant amount control unit;Described Mini-tiller power unit includes electrically activating diesel engine 11 and decelerator 25, described decelerator 25 defeated Entering end to be connected with the outfan electrically activating diesel engine 11, described decelerator 25 is fixedly arranged above accumulator 12, described decelerator 25 Lower section is symmetrically arranged with a pair road wheel 7;Described seeding unit includes centrifugal feed 14 and grain conductor 18, described centrifugal Feed mechanism for seed 14 is connected with one end of hanging mechanisms 3, is provided with motor 15 below described centrifugal feed 14, described centrifugal Be evenly distributed with multiple mouth 16 of charging seed outside feed mechanism for seed 14, described in charge seed and be fixed with diverter 17, described diverter 17 on mouth 16 End is connected with one end of grain conductor 18, and the other end of described grain conductor 18 is connected with trench digging covering device;Described trench digging earthing Device includes that plough mounts crossbeam 5, and described plough mounting crossbeam 5 is fixed on the lower section of hanging mechanisms 3, and described plough is hung Connecing crossbeam 5 and be provided with multiple hitching arm 19, one end of described hitching arm 19 is fixed on plough mounting crossbeam 5, described mounting The other end of arm 19 is fixed with grain conductor fixed mount 22, and described grain conductor fixed mount 22 is provided with trailing bar 23, described mounting The end symmetrical of arm 19 is provided with a pair ditching-disk 20, and described ditching-disk 20 is provided with disk clean-up scraper 21, described in lead Plant and be fixed with grain conductor 18 on tube fixing device 22;Described application rate control unit includes speed probe 8, tachometer disk 9 and detection Feedback controller 13, described tachometer disk 9 and speed probe 8 be both secured on the axle of road wheel 7, described detection feedback controller 13 are fixed on decelerator 25.
This utility model has the advantages that
1, mechanical centrifugal formula concentrates seeding, metering system simple in construction, and during seeding, seed is not subject to shear action, It is not susceptible to breakage, stopping state;
2, by the pace of tractor is monitored in real time, set up feedback signal, control feed mechanism for seed and drive the electricity of motor Pivot voltage, thus control the working speed of feed mechanism for seed, it is achieved flow rate matches with the change of seeder pace, it is achieved sowing The accurate control of amount;
3, being supporting power with little miniature walking tractor, farm work radius of turn is little, flexible operation, it is adaptable to hills Operation in mountain area, Small burden, scientific research and testing community, facility plastic greenhouse.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is this utility model overall structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is tachometer disk schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is seeding system structure of the present utility model;
Fig. 4 is the functional relationship schematic diagram of centrifugal feed Brassica campestris L flow rate and motor dutycycle;
Fig. 5 is rape seed amount when being 430 grams/acre, the theory of seeder different work speed and the test mu amount of broadcasting.
Detailed description of the invention
With embodiment, this utility model is made further instructions below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of centrifugal small particle seed precision planter, including Mini-tiller power unit, hanging mechanisms 3 and seeding Unit, one end of described hanging mechanisms 3 is connected with Mini-tiller power unit, the other end of described hanging mechanisms 3 and seeding unit Connecting, the lower section of described hanging mechanisms 3 is provided with trench digging covering device, described Mini-tiller power unit is provided with application rate control Unit.Described Mini-tiller power unit includes electrically activating diesel engine 11 and decelerator 25, the input of described decelerator 25 and electricity The outfan starting diesel engine 11 is connected, and described decelerator 25 is fixedly arranged above accumulator 12, symmetrical below described decelerator 25 It is provided with a pair road wheel 7.Described seeding unit includes centrifugal feed 14 and grain conductor 18, described centrifugal feed 14 It is connected with one end of hanging mechanisms 3, motor 15, described centrifugal feed 14 are installed below described centrifugal feed 14 Outside is evenly distributed with multiple mouth 16 of charging seed, described in charge seed and be fixed with diverter 17 on mouth 16, described diverter 17 end with lead The one end planting pipe 18 connects, and the other end of described grain conductor 18 is connected with trench digging covering device.Described trench digging covering device includes Plough mounting crossbeam 5, described plough mounting crossbeam 5 is fixed on the lower section of hanging mechanisms 3, described plough mounting crossbeam 5 Being provided with multiple hitching arm 19, one end of described hitching arm 19 is fixed on plough mounting crossbeam 5, described hitching arm 19 another One end is fixed with grain conductor fixed mount 22, and described grain conductor fixed mount 22 is provided with trailing bar 23, the end of described hitching arm 19 End is symmetrically installed with a pair ditching-disk 20, and described ditching-disk 20 is provided with disk clean-up scraper 21, and described grain conductor is fixed Grain conductor 18 it is fixed with on frame 22.Described application rate control unit includes speed probe 8, tachometer disk 9 and detection feedback control Device 13, described in the amount of broadcasting control unit provided working power, described tachometer disk 9 and speed probe 8 to be both secured to by accumulator 12 On the axle of road wheel 7, described detection feedback controller 13 is fixed on decelerator 25, and described detection feedback controller 13 is used for controlling The rotating speed of motor 15 processed.The card circumference of described tachometer disk 9 is evenly arranged with multiple magnet steel 24.
Described centrifugal small particle seed precision planter, its application rate control method comprises the following steps:
Step 001, detects the feedback controller 13 application rate (gram/acre) according to setting, determines correspondence before seeder operation Broadcast coefficient of discharge;Step 002, during operation, road wheel 7 drives tachometer disk 9 synchronous axial system, uniform magnet steel 24 to pass sequentially through rotating speed Sensor 8, speed probe 8 detects magnet steel 24, sends pulse signal frequency to detection feedback controller 13;Step 003, inspection Survey feedback controller 13 and control the armature voltage dutycycle of motor 15 according to pulse signal frequency, regulation centrifugal feed 14 Rotating speed, thus regulate its flow rate.
Described step 001 determining, the coefficient of discharge of broadcasting of correspondence specifically includes following steps: step 011, utilize centrifugal row Plant device 14 and carry out the amount of broadcasting test, set up motor 15 input voltage dutycycle and sowing object unit time flow rate (gram/minute) Function;Step 012, according to the agriculture requirement amount of broadcasting (gram/acre), the theoretical operating speed (m/min) of Mini-tiller power unit With seeder operation railway carriage or compartment width (rice), determine the unit interval flow rate (gram/minute) of requirement;Step 013, determines accounting for of motor 15 Empty ratio;Step 014, according to operation theoretical velocity (m/min) of Mini-tiller power unit, road wheel 7 size (rice), tachometer disk Uniform magnet steel 24 quantity on 9, determines seeder operation theory pulse frequency;Step 015, according to feed mechanism for seed motor 15 dutycycle and Theoretical umber of pulse, determines sowing machine sowing coefficient of discharge;Step 016, repeat the above steps 012-step 015, determine that the difference amount of broadcasting is wanted The difference asking (gram/acre) corresponding broadcasts coefficient of discharge, is stored in detection feedback controller 13.
In described step 003, motor 15 Duty ratio control algorithm is: dutycycle=broadcast coefficient of discharge × pulse signal frequency.
In the present embodiment, seeding operation object is Semen Brassicae campestris, and seeder operation railway carriage or compartment face width is 2 meters, sowing line number is 6 OK, the agriculture requirement mu amount of broadcasting in the range of 250-450 gram, tiller operation theory pace 35 meter per second (2.1 kms/little Time), the mu theoretical pure seeding operation time is about 9.53 minutes, a diameter of 0.5 meter of road wheel, uniform magnet steel 24 on tachometer disk 9 Quantity is 16, and seeder pace detection pulse signal theory arteries and veins frequency is 356.5 beats/min, and motor 15 is 12V, 150W Direct current generator (rain field motor, 5D150-12), decelerator 25 speed reducing ratio is 10, use rain field motor 5GU10K, drive rotating speed Scope is 0-330 rev/min;The Brassica campestris L flow rate of centrifugal feed 14 and the right of motor dutycycle is determined by bench test Should be related to as shown in Figure 4, require and flow rate and motor dutycycle corresponding relation according to the rapeseed cultivation mu amount of broadcasting, choose dutycycle In 0.10-0.40, flow rate q at 14-58 gram/minute range intervals, opening relationships function, for linear relationship: p=0.0069q+ 0.0058, the linear fit coefficient of determination is 0.9976, and its inverse function, i.e. flow rate be: q=144.81p-0.7621.
The Duty ratio control algorithm of motor 15 is: dutycycle=broadcast coefficient of discharge × pulse signal frequency, it is achieved that feed mechanism for seed Working speed associates control with seeder pace.
When application rate requirement is 250 grams/acre, feed mechanism for seed ideal flow rate should be 26.23 grams, according to dutycycle and seeding Flow function relation, determines that feed mechanism for seed dutycycle should be 0.1868, and seeder pace detection pulse signal theory arteries and veins frequency is 356.5 beats/min, then broadcasting coefficient of discharge is k=2407 × 10-4.In like manner can determine that application rate requires as 250g-450 gram/acre of scope The application rate that interior a certain numerical value is corresponding, as the amount of broadcasting requires 260 grams/acre, broadcasting coefficient of discharge is 5.4438 × 10-4;Application rate requirement 270 grams/acre, broadcasting coefficient of discharge is 5.6469 × 10-4... should the amount of broadcasting store above-mentioned in the controller with broadcasting coefficient of discharge.
Before seeding operation starts, seed is loaded in centrifugal feed 14, set on the controller according to agriculture requirement Good application rate, controller calls corresponding broadcasts coefficient of discharge;The diesel engine 11 that electrically activates of power unit exports power, drives row Travelling wheel 7, makes seeder advance, charges for accumulator 12 simultaneously, it is ensured that the electric power of accumulator 12 is sufficient;Motor 15 drives centrifugal Feed mechanism for seed 14, makes seed be discharged by mouth 16 of charging seed under the influence of centrifugal force, at gravity and inertia after part flow arrangement shunts Moved in the kind ditch that the double-arc spline in plough covering device is outputed by grain conductor 18 under the effect of power, the coverer pair at rear Seed carries out earthing and completes sowing.
In operation process, when seeder pace is theoretical velocity, dutycycle be call broadcast coefficient of discharge × theory Umber of pulse, is theoretical dutycycle, and feed mechanism for seed rotating speed is constant, and flow rate is constant, and the pure seeding operation time is constant, and application rate is for wanting Seek application rate;When seeder operating speed is accelerated, driving wheel faster rotational speed, velocity measuring dish rotates and synchronizes to increase, seeder Pace detection pulse signal frequency is accelerated, and feed mechanism for seed drives motor dutycycle to increase, rotating speed increases, and feed mechanism for seed rotating speed increases Adding, unit interval flow rate increases, but unit interval travel distance rises, and application rate still keeps constant;Otherwise when seeder is made When industry speed declines, flow rate reduces, but unit interval travel distance declines, and flow rate remains in that constant, it is achieved that seeding Amount is associated with seeder pace, the sowing of the high-quality of application rate precise control.
Being 430 grams/acre with application rate to be analyzed, it broadcasts coefficient of discharge is 8.8969 × 10-4, seeder is with different work speed When degree advances, theoretical mu application rate and the bench test mu amount of broadcasting as schematically shown in Figure 5, from result of calculation in figure, work as seeder When operating speed changes in the range of 1.88-2.83 is thousand ms/h, theoretical mu sowing change, within 1%, utilizes feed mechanism for seed to try Testing platform simulation field test, the actual mu amount of broadcasting changes within 5%, shows that the method achieving flow rate advances fast with seeder Degree is associated, the sowing of the high-quality of application rate precise control.

Claims (2)

1. a centrifugal small particle seed precision planter, including Mini-tiller power unit, hanging mechanisms (3) and seeding list Unit, it is characterised in that: one end of described hanging mechanisms (3) is connected with Mini-tiller power unit, another of described hanging mechanisms (3) End is connected with seeding unit, and the lower section of described hanging mechanisms (3) is provided with trench digging covering device, and described Mini-tiller power unit sets It is equipped with application rate control unit;Described Mini-tiller power unit includes electrically activating diesel engine (11) and decelerator (25), described in subtract The input of speed device (25) is connected with the outfan electrically activating diesel engine (11), and described decelerator (25) is fixedly arranged above accumulator (12), described decelerator (25) lower section is symmetrically arranged with a pair road wheel (7);Described seeding unit includes centrifugal feed (14) and grain conductor (18), described centrifugal feed (14) is connected with one end of hanging mechanisms (3), described centrifugal seeding Device (14) lower section is provided with motor (15), and described centrifugal feed (14) outside is evenly distributed with multiple mouth of charging seed (16), institute Stating and be fixed with diverter (17) on mouth of charging seed (16), described diverter (17) end is connected with one end of grain conductor (18), described The other end of grain conductor (18) is connected with trench digging covering device;Described trench digging covering device includes plough mounting crossbeam (5), institute Stating plough mounting crossbeam (5) and be fixed on the lower section of hanging mechanisms (3), described plough mounting crossbeam (5) is provided with multiple extension Connecing arm (19), one end of described hitching arm (19) is fixed on plough mounting crossbeam (5), the other end of described hitching arm (19) It is fixed with grain conductor fixed mount (22), described grain conductor fixed mount (22) is provided with trailing bar (23), described hitching arm (19) End symmetrical a pair ditching-disk (20) is installed, described ditching-disk (20) is provided with disk clean-up scraper (21), described Grain conductor (18) it is fixed with on grain conductor fixed mount (22);Described application rate control unit includes speed probe (8), tachometer disk And detection feedback controller (13) (9), described tachometer disk (9) and speed probe (8) be both secured on the axle of road wheel (7), Described detection feedback controller (13) is fixed on decelerator (25).
Centrifugal small particle seed precision planter the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described tachometer disk (9) Card circumference be evenly arranged with multiple magnet steel (24).
CN201620371154.6U 2016-04-28 2016-04-28 Centrifugal small particle seed precision planter Expired - Fee Related CN205755411U (en)

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105815006A (en) * 2016-04-28 2016-08-03 华中农业大学 Centrifugal small-particle seed precision seeder and seeding rate control method thereof
US11483963B2 (en) 2019-12-24 2022-11-01 Cnh Industrial America Llc Particle delivery system of an agricultural row unit
US11490558B2 (en) 2019-12-24 2022-11-08 Cnh Industrial America Llc Particle delivery system of an agricultural row unit
US11516958B2 (en) 2019-12-24 2022-12-06 Cnh Industrial America Llc Particle delivery system of an agricultural row unit
US11523555B2 (en) 2019-12-24 2022-12-13 Cnh Industrial America Llc Particle delivery system of an agricultural row unit
US11523556B2 (en) 2019-12-24 2022-12-13 Cnh Industrial America Llc Particle delivery system of an agricultural row unit
US11553638B2 (en) 2019-12-24 2023-01-17 Cnh Industrial America Llc Particle delivery system of an agricultural row unit
US11564344B2 (en) 2019-12-24 2023-01-31 Cnh Industrial America Llc Particle delivery system of an agricultural row unit
US11582899B2 (en) 2019-12-24 2023-02-21 Cnh Industrial America Llc Particle delivery system of an agricultural row unit

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105815006A (en) * 2016-04-28 2016-08-03 华中农业大学 Centrifugal small-particle seed precision seeder and seeding rate control method thereof
US11483963B2 (en) 2019-12-24 2022-11-01 Cnh Industrial America Llc Particle delivery system of an agricultural row unit
US11490558B2 (en) 2019-12-24 2022-11-08 Cnh Industrial America Llc Particle delivery system of an agricultural row unit
US11516958B2 (en) 2019-12-24 2022-12-06 Cnh Industrial America Llc Particle delivery system of an agricultural row unit
US11523555B2 (en) 2019-12-24 2022-12-13 Cnh Industrial America Llc Particle delivery system of an agricultural row unit
US11523556B2 (en) 2019-12-24 2022-12-13 Cnh Industrial America Llc Particle delivery system of an agricultural row unit
US11553638B2 (en) 2019-12-24 2023-01-17 Cnh Industrial America Llc Particle delivery system of an agricultural row unit
US11564344B2 (en) 2019-12-24 2023-01-31 Cnh Industrial America Llc Particle delivery system of an agricultural row unit
US11582899B2 (en) 2019-12-24 2023-02-21 Cnh Industrial America Llc Particle delivery system of an agricultural row unit

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