CN104704953B - Reseed formula Sowing machine for potatoes - Google Patents
Reseed formula Sowing machine for potatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN104704953B CN104704953B CN201510066461.3A CN201510066461A CN104704953B CN 104704953 B CN104704953 B CN 104704953B CN 201510066461 A CN201510066461 A CN 201510066461A CN 104704953 B CN104704953 B CN 104704953B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to one and reseed formula Sowing machine for potatoes, compensation dispenser is respectively symmetrically and is arranged on stands longitudinal central axis both sides；Each compensation dispenser includes chain Shao Shiquzhong mechanism, seeding box, Dao Zhong road, support, compensation Seeding box, external recessing, compensation slideway and row-planting opener；Compensation dispenser is used for sowing potato seed, and can compensate timely for broadcast leakage phenomenon, improves production efficiency；Fertilizer distributor is for the supply of fertilizer, it is ensured that the growth conditions of crop；Control system is for judging the disappearance of potato seed, and completes compensating the control that dispenser compensates for disappearance potato seed；Rotary tillage, ridging device is for the ridging earthing operation after seeding fertilizer；Film covering device is for the overlay film press mold operation to potato seed, it is ensured that the growth conditions of potato seed；Drive mechanism is for the transmission supply of the power to compensation dispenser, fertilizer distributor and rotary tillage, ridging device.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to one and reseed formula Sowing machine for potatoes, belong to planting machinery field.
(2) technical background
Since the appearance of Sowing machine for potatoes, play an important role in the establishing in large scale of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi produces.But, the sowing seeds technology of Sowing machine for potatoes is ripe not enough, result in Sowing machine for potatoes and still there is a lot of defects.The commonly used single ridge of domestic existing Sowing machine for potatoes single group spoon chain feed mechanism, owing to seed tuber size differs, empty spoon broadcast leakage phenomenon is many, causes the problems such as hole rate is high, seeding quality is poor, inefficiency, land utilization ratio are low.Therefore, existing seeder is improved, eliminate broadcast leakage phenomenon, it is achieved compensation without hole sowing, ridging earthing, the disposable operation of overlay film, to improving land resources utilization rate, improve the quality of production and production efficiency tool is of great significance.
It addition, China's major part arable land basic fertility is poor, the major part content of organic matter is relatively low, the few nitrogen of phosphorus deficiency, it is necessary to use seed manure, potato sowing is generally adopted seed and seed manure mixes and executes, and mixed the executing of seed manure easily damages seed, therefore, sow and apply fertilizer and separately performed be also quite necessary.
(3) summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems such as existing Sowing machine for potatoes hole rate height, poor, the inefficiency of seeding quality,
The invention provides one and reseed formula Sowing machine for potatoes.These facility have reseeds function automatically, can eliminate broadcast leakage, and can realize the after planting several functions such as ridging earthing, face, ridge overlay film and can once sow two row and improve work efficiencies.
One reseeds formula Sowing machine for potatoes, including the running gear being fixed in frame, compensation dispenser, fertilizer distributor, rotary tillage, ridging device, film covering device, drive mechanism and control system.
Described frame is used for fixing, supporting other parts of the present invention, and the present invention is articulated on the farm implements such as tractor by frame；Described running gear is made up of two land wheels, and two land wheels are connected by axletree, and land wheel is arranged on below frame, for frames and the traveling driving facility；Described compensation dispenser is used for sowing potato seed, and can compensate timely for broadcast leakage phenomenon, improves production efficiency；Described fertilizer distributor is for the supply of fertilizer, it is ensured that the growth conditions of crop；Described rotary tillage, ridging device is for the ridging earthing operation after seeding fertilizer；Described film covering device is for the overlay film press mold operation to potato seed, it is ensured that the growth conditions of potato seed；Described drive mechanism is for the transmission supply of the power to compensation dispenser, fertilizer distributor and rotary tillage, ridging device；Described control system is for judging the disappearance of potato seed, and completes compensating the control that dispenser compensates for disappearance potato seed.
Described compensation dispenser is respectively symmetrically and is arranged on stands longitudinal central axis both sides；Each compensation dispenser includes chain Shao Shiquzhong mechanism, seeding box, Dao Zhong road, support, compensation Seeding box, external recessing, compensation slideway and row-planting opener；
Described seeding box is arranged in frame, is provided with the bottom hole of taper bottom seeding box；Described upper end, Dao Zhong road is arranged in frame, bottom, Dao Zhong road and seeding box bottom hole vertical connection；Described chain Shao Shiquzhong mechanism includes seeding spoon, elevating chain, square plate and sprocket wheel；Elevating chain is arranged on Dao Zhong road inwall by sprocket wheel is mobilizable ringwise, equidistant on elevating chain is provided with multiple seeding spoon, and seeding spoon takes kind along with elevating chain upper and lower shuttling movement in Dao Zhong road；A square plate it is connected with bottom described seeding spoon；Seeding spoon moves from bottom to top with elevating chain, enters seeding box via conical chamber bottom outlet, dips the potato seed in seeding box.Described compensation Seeding box support supports, be arranged on fertilizer can just above, compensate the bottom hole being provided with taper bottom Seeding box；Described external recessing is arranged on the bottom compensating Seeding box, and the axle of external recessing extends to compensation Seeding box outside and is connected with motor through the bottom hole compensating Seeding box；The sowing port of external recessing connects with Dao Zhong road by compensating slideway, in order to complete to compensate the landing of potato seed.Described row-planting opener is connected in the side of frame front end disk coulter, is positioned at same perpendicular before and after row-planting opener and described elevating chain.
Described fertilizer distributor includes disk coulter, fertilizer can, outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus, defertilizing tube, fertilizer assembly and fertilizer shovel；Described disk coulter and fertilizer shovel are all connected on the central axis of front end frame of frame, and fertilizer shovel is positioned on rear side of disk coulter, and both coordinate the ditching operation in order to complete fertilizer；Described fertilizer can is arranged in frame with seeding box next-door neighbour；Pyramid type opening it is provided with bottom fertilizer can；Being provided with two outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus in each fertilizer can, each outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus is connected with the pyramid type opening bottom fertilizer can respectively, is respectively connected with a defertilizing tube below each pyramid type opening；Outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus is connected with the fertilizer driving-chain outside frame by axle, and outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus is driven by fertilizer driving-chain, and fertilizer is multicast to defertilizing tube；Described fertilizer assembly is fixedly mounted in the middle of frame；Defertilizing tube is respectively symmetrically and is distributed in frame central axis both sides；Defertilizing tube upper end respectively with fertilizer can bottom pyramid type open communication, its lower end all connects with fertilizer assembly；Described fertilizer shovel is positioned at the lower end of fertilizer assembly.
Described rotary tillage, ridging device is positioned on rear side of land wheel, and its one end is arranged in frame by bearing, and the other end is connected through the bearing in frame with driven pulley, and described rotary tillage, ridging device is carried out earthing ridging operation by driven pulley transmitting power.
Described film covering device includes plastic foil support, press mold bucket, pressing wheel and covering blade；Described pressing wheel and covering blade are separately mounted in the frame of the symmetrical both sides of stands longitudinal central axis；Described plastic foil support, press mold bucket, pressing wheel and covering blade are sequentially arranged in rotary tillage, ridging device frame below；Rotary tillage, ridging device is to the kind ditch earthing ridging with potato seed and fertilizer, plastic foil is articulated on plastic foil support, and plastic foil is flattened on ridge by press mold bucket, and pressing wheel compresses the both sides of plastic foil, being covered by plastic foil on face, ridge, covering blade is dug the soil of furrow and is covered plastic foil both sides.
Described drive mechanism includes seeding drive sprocket, fertilizer drive sprocket, seeding output chain gear, fertilizer output chain gear, fertilizer driving-chain, seeding driving-chain and change speed gear box, power input shaft, power output shaft, drive pulley and driven pulley.Described seeding drive sprocket and fertilizer drive sprocket are separately fixed on the axletree of left and right land wheel, impart power to seeding driving-chain by the traveling of land wheel and fertilizer transmission connects；Described seeding driving-chain is arranged on the right side of frame, and its upper end is articulated on seeding output chain gear, and lower end is articulated on seeding drive sprocket；Described seeding output chain gear is arranged on the side of external recessing axle；Described seeding output chain gear and seeding drive sprocket are vertically mounted on the left of frame up and down, carry out power conveying by seeding driving-chain；Described fertilizer driving-chain is arranged on the right side of frame, and its upper end is connected with the fertilizer output chain gear on outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus axle, and lower end is connected with the fertilizer drive sprocket on land axle；Described fertilizer output chain gear is arranged on the axle outside outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus, and described fertilizer drive sprocket and fertilizer output chain gear are by fertilizer driving-chain transmitting power；Described power input shaft passes beneath from fertilizer can and seeding box, is arranged on the centre of frame；Power input shaft front end is connected with tractor, and end is connected with change speed gear box, and from tractor, power is passed to change speed gear box；Described change speed gear box is fixedly mounted in frame, is positioned at the rear side of seeding box；Change speed gear box is connected with power output shaft, changes the direction of transfer of power；Described power output shaft is arranged in frame by bearing, and right side is connected with change speed gear box, is connected with drive pulley on the left of power output shaft；Described drive pulley and driven pulley are vertically mounted on the left side of frame up and down and are connected by belt.
Described control system includes information gathering part, modulates information process part, information output part divides and energy supply section forms.Information gathering part includes broadcast leakage judge module, position judging module, for collecting the signal of each detection sensor, and collected signal is sent to modulates information process part；Described modulates information process part includes data acquisition modulation module, message processing module, and the analysis completing signal modulation process that information gathering part sends over and signal judges, after drawing processing mode, sends control signals to information output part and divides；Information output part divides and includes automatic compensating module, alarm indicator input module, automatically compensating and display alarm function of completion system design；Energy supply section is information gathering part, modulates information processes part and information output part divides and is powered.
Described broadcast leakage judge module, belongs to information gathering part, is two pairs of laser-correlation sensors, and laser-correlation sensor emission end, receiving terminal are all by 12V storage battery power supply；Laser-correlation sensor receiving terminal is joined directly together by the data acquisition modulation module of signal data line Yu modulates information process part, is sent to the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer after signal processing；Two pairs of laser-correlation sensors are vertically measured spacing correspondence according to test respectively up and down and are arranged on two sidewalls that Dao Zhong road is internal relative, measuring spacing for have potato seed low limit level compbined test to obtain according to seeding spoon sky spoon height and seeding spoon, installing space is the height distance determining whether potato seed；The seeding spoon of process is measured by two pairs of laser-correlation sensors in real time, and seeding spoon sky spoon height is less than two pairs of laser-correlation sensor installing spaces, it is impossible to block two to laser-correlation sensor signal simultaneously；When seeding spoon moves from bottom to top, first seeding spoon blocks lower pair of laser-correlation sensors A 1, signal triggers the cycle criterion program in control program, seeding spoon continues up and blocks upper pair of laser-correlation sensors A 2, determining program detects whether now laser-correlation sensors A 1 is blocked signal at once, if now laser-correlation sensors A 1 signal is still blocked, plants spoon height more than installing space, namely seeding spoon has potato seed；Laser-correlation sensors A 1 signal is not blocked, then plant spoon height less than installing space, namely without potato seed in seeding spoon.Thus judging in seeding spoon with or without potato seed according to sensor signal.
Described position judging module is travel switch, and travel switch is joined directly together by signal data line and data acquisition modulation module, is sent to the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer after signal processing；Travel switch is arranged on the upper end in Dao Zhong road against two pairs of laser-correlation sensors, and travel switch touched by seeding spoon every time, travel switch one high level signal of output；Broadcast leakage judge module signal is sent to the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer and carries out the judgement time much smaller than seeding spoon movement velocity, judge that travel switch has started judgement effect after seeding spoon is for empty spoon at broadcast leakage judge module signal, travel switch high level signal is sent to the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer, namely determining the position of seeding spoon sky spoon and acquisition starts time of reseeding, the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer sends signal controling stepping motor and reseeds.
Described modulates information process part includes message processing module, the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer；Message processing module is joined directly together by the input pin of signal data line Yu the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer；Described message processing module is a DC boosting chip, and the signal being responsible for laser-correlation sensor and travel switch are exported carries out boosting process；Described single-chip minimum system is basic control information processing one-chip computer module.
Described information output part divides and includes automatic compensating module, alarm indicator input module；Described automatic compensating module includes stepper motor driver, motor and control box；The signal output pin of the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer connects stepping electrical equipment driver according to controlling the pulse signal drive stepping motor that program produces by signal data line；Described motor is fixedly mounted on the outside compensating Seeding box, and stepper motor output shaft is connected with external recessing axle；The described box fixed installation fertilizer can both the above that controls compensates the middle part of seeding box；The minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer, stepper motor driver and alarm indicator input module are arranged in control box.Described alarm indicator input module is made up of relay indicating light, sound and light alarm sensor, input keyboard and display；Single-chip minimum system output pin connects control relay indicating light and acousto-optic alarm sensor by signal data line according to controlling program, and during system worked well, display lamp does not work, and otherwise, display lamp is red, and sound and light alarm sensor is reported to the police；The information such as the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer connects input keyboard and display by signal data line, by input keyboard, the parameter such as speed of drilling, sowing line-spacing in control program is configured amendment, display display broadcast leakage quantity.
Described energy supply section is responsible for powering to sensor, the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer and other correlation modules.
Described energy supply section selects two 12V storage battery power supplies.Two 12V accumulator series connection are that motor is powered for 24V voltage, and selecting one of them accumulator is 12V voltage laser-correlation sensor power, and selecting one of them accumulator to be converted to 5V voltage by DC-DC voltage reduction module is the minimum control system power supply of single-chip microcomputer.
The DC decompression module that described DC-DC voltage reduction module selects model to be MP1584,12V voltage is converted to 5V voltage.
The work process of the present invention: this seeder is articulated on tractor, start tractor to advance, by drive mechanism, power is delivered separately to by land wheel seeding driving-chain and fertilizer driving-chain, make the reciprocal circulatory motion of seeding spoon of chain Shao Shiquzhong mechanism, seeding spoon does not stop, from seeding box, potato seed is transported to Dao Zhong road, and fertilizer distributor is also carried out fertilizer operation simultaneously；The seeding spoon of process is measured by two pairs of laser-correlation sensors in real time, and seeding spoon sky spoon height is less than two pairs of laser-correlation sensor installing spaces, it is impossible to blocking two to laser-correlation sensor signal, installing space is the height distance determining whether potato seed simultaneously；When seeding spoon moves from bottom to top, first seeding spoon blocks lower pair of laser-correlation sensors A 1, signal triggers the cycle criterion program in control program, seeding spoon continues up and blocks upper pair of laser-correlation sensors A 2, determining program detects whether now laser-correlation sensors A 1 is blocked signal at once, if now laser-correlation sensors A 1 signal is still blocked, plants spoon height more than installing space, namely seeding spoon has potato seed；Laser-correlation sensors A 1 signal is not blocked, then plant spoon height less than installing space, namely without potato seed in seeding spoon.nullJudge in seeding spoon without after potato seed，Signal is sent to the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer and carries out the judgement time much smaller than seeding spoon movement velocity，Judging that travel switch has started judgement effect after seeding spoon is for empty spoon，Travel switch high level signal is sent to the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer，Namely determine the position of seeding spoon sky spoon and acquisition starts time of reseeding，The minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer sends signal controling stepping motor driver drives motor and rotates，Motor drives the external feed compensated in seeding box to rotate，According to distance computation between seeding spoon movement velocity scope and seeding spoon，Now need to reseed sky spoon just before elevating chain topmost overturns to seeding spoon，The same with when normally sowing，The potato seed compensated just is fallen bottom previous seeding spoon，Realize without broadcast leakage，Carry out earthing ridging immediately，Film coating operation.
Present invention have the advantage that the Sowing machine for potatoes of the present invention adopts compensation sowing, be effectively prevented from broadcast leakage phenomenon, reduce hole rate height, improve seeding quality.Can realize single ridge double row sowing simultaneously, and the after planting several functions such as ridging earthing, face, ridge overlay film, improve the production efficiency of potato sowing.
(4) accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is front view of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is left view of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is top view of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is that chain spoon formula takes kind of a mechanism structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is for controlling system global structure block diagram；
Fig. 7 is control system general principles block diagram；
Fig. 8 is control system broadcast leakage determining program flow chart.
In Fig. 1: 1, laser-correlation sensor 2, seeding box 3, power output shaft 4, change speed gear box 5, rotary tillage, ridging device 6, covering blade 7, pressing wheel 8, press mold bucket 9, plastic foil support 10, fertilizer drive sprocket 11, fertilizer driving-chain 12, fertilizer output chain gear 13, Dao Zhong road 14, motor 15, compensate Seeding box
In Fig. 2: 16, compensate slideway 17, power input shaft 18, disc-type furrow opener 19, row-planting opener 20, fertilizer shovel 21, seeding drive sprocket 22, drive pulley 23, driven pulley 24, seeding driving-chain 25, lead limit switch 26, seeding output chain gear
In Fig. 3: 27, fertilizer can 28, external roller type fertilizer distributor 29, defertilizing tube 30, fertilizer assembly 31, land wheel 32, support
In Fig. 4: 33, external recessing 34, control box 35, chain Shao Shiquzhong mechanism 36, frame
In Fig. 5: 37, elevating chain 38, seeding spoon 39, square plate 40, sprocket wheel
(5) detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, patent of the present invention is described further.Motor used in the present invention, laser-correlation sensor, the components and parts such as single-chip microcomputer, stepper motor driver can be commercial, and the rotary tillage, ridging device used can make according to prior art.
One of the present invention reseeds formula Sowing machine for potatoes automatically, as shown in Fig. 1,2,3,4,5,6, it is two: described frame (36) is used for fixing, supporting other parts, and is articulated on the farm implements such as tractor for compensation dispenser and fertilizer can；Described running gear is made up of two land wheels (31), and centre is connected by axletree, is arranged on below frame (36), for frames (36) and the traveling driving facility；Described compensation dispenser is used for sowing potato seed, and can compensate timely for broadcast leakage phenomenon, improves production efficiency；Described fertilizer distributor is for the supply of fertilizer, it is ensured that the growth conditions of crop；Described control system is for judging the disappearance of potato seed, and completes compensating the control that dispenser compensates for disappearance potato seed；Described rotary tillage, ridging device (5) is for the ridging earthing operation after seeding fertilizer；Described film covering device is for the overlay film press mold operation to potato seed, it is ensured that the growth conditions of potato seed；Described drive mechanism is for the transmission supply of the power to compensation dispenser, fertilizer distributor and rotary tillage, ridging device (5).
Described compensation dispenser includes chain Shao Shiquzhong mechanism (35), seeding box 2, Dao Zhong road 13, support (32), compensates Seeding box (15), external recessing (33), compensates slideway (16) and row-planting opener (19)；Described seeding box (2) is arranged on frame (36) front side, and described seeding box (2) bottom is provided with the bottom hole of cone；Described Dao Zhong road (13) is arranged in frame (36) ringwise, it is arranged in seeding box (2) in part through seeding box (2) bottom outlet, another part is arranged on seeding box (2) outward, Dao Zhong road (13) bottommost disconnects, and facilitates the landing of potato seed；Described chain Shao Shiquzhong mechanism (35) includes seeding spoon (38), elevating chain (37), square plate (39), sprocket wheel (40) etc.；Elevating chain (37) is arranged in Dao Zhong road (13) by sprocket wheel (40) ringwise, being provided with seeding spoon (38) on elevating chain (37), seeding spoon (38) can take kind by upper and lower shuttling movement in Dao Zhong road (13)；Described seeding spoon (38) bottom is connected with a certain size square plate (39), coming off of potato seed can be placed on, seeding spoon (38) moves from bottom to top together with elevating chain (37), seeding box (2) is entered via taper bottom hole, through potato seed layer, dip potato seed.Described Dao Zhong road (13) is fixed in frame (36), and it is internal that Dao Zhong road (13) one end is arranged on seeding box (2) through bottom hole；Described external recessing (33) is arranged on the bottom compensating Seeding box (15), the axle of external recessing (33) extends to compensation Seeding box (15) outside and is connected with motor (14), the sowing port of external recessing (33) is connected to compensation slideway (16), compensate slideway (16) other end and extend in Dao Zhong road (13), and just contact with Dao Zhong road (13) wall, in order to complete to compensate the landing of potato seed.Described support (32) is fixedly mounted on above the rectangular slab on fertilizer can (27), near the side of seeding box (2), is used for supporting compensation Seeding box (15)；Described compensation Seeding box (15) support (32) supports, and is arranged on above fertilizer can (27), and bottom is provided with the bottom hole of taper；Described row-planting opener (19) is connected in frame front end with bolt, is positioned at the side of disk coulter (18), keeps point-blank with elevating chain (36) below.
Chain Shao Shiquzhong mechanism (35) recited above, seeding box (2), Dao Zhong road (13), support (32), compensation Seeding box (15), external recessing (33), compensation slideway (16) and row-planting opener (19) are respectively arranged with two sets, and installation site is symmetrical about the longitudinal centre line of frame (36).During operation, both sides carry out simultaneously, complete the seeding operation of single ridge duplicate rows.
Described fertilizer distributor includes disk coulter (18), fertilizer can (27), outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus (28), defertilizing tube (29), fertilizer assembly (30) and fertilizer shovel (20)；Described disk coulter (18) is connected in the front end of frame (36) with bolt, it is positioned on the central axis of frame (36), shovel (20) with fertilizer thereafter to keep point-blank, complete the ditching operation of fertilizer；Described fertilizer can (27) and seeding box (2) next-door neighbour are arranged on frame (36) front side, and each fertilizer can (27) bottom is provided with two tapered openings；Described outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus (28) is arranged on the lower end of fertilizer can (27), described outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus (28) is connected by the fertilizer driving-chain (11) of axle with frame (36) outside, outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus (28) is driven by fertilizer output chain gear (12), and fertilizer is multicast to defertilizing tube (29)；Described fertilizer assembly (30) is arranged in the middle of frame (36), and both sides are fixedly welded in frame (36)；Described defertilizing tube (29) has four, symmetrical respectively about frame (36) central axis, being arranged on fertilizer can (27) below, upper end is connected with the tapered opening of fertilizer can (27), and lower end is connected with fertilizer assembly (30)；The lower end of described fertilizer shovel (20) fixed installation fertilizer assembly (30), is positioned in the middle of frame (36).
Described rotary tillage, ridging device (5) is positioned at land wheel (31) rear side, it is arranged on below frame (36), right side is arranged in frame (36) by bearing, left side is connected through the bearing in frame (36) with driven pulley (23), and described rotary tillage, ridging device (5) is carried out earthing ridging operation by driven pulley (23) transmitting power.
Described film covering device includes plastic foil support (9), press mold bucket (8), pressing wheel (7) and covering blade (6)；Described plastic foil support (9), press mold bucket (8), pressing wheel (7) and covering blade (6) are sequentially arranged in the frame (36) after rotary tillage, ridging device (5) by bolt, interval 30cm between two；Rotary tillage, ridging device (5) is by the kind ditch earthing ridging with potato seed and fertilizer, plastic foil is articulated on plastic foil support (9), plastic foil is flattened on ridge by press mold bucket (8), pressing wheel (7) compresses the both sides of plastic foil, being covered by plastic foil on face, ridge, covering blade (6) is dug the soil of furrow and is covered plastic foil both sides.
Pressing wheel recited above (7), covering blade (6) are respectively arranged with two, are symmetrically mounted in frame about frame (36) longitudinal center axis.
Described drive mechanism includes seeding drive sprocket (21), fertilizer drive sprocket (10), seeding output chain gear (26), fertilizer output chain gear (12), fertilizer driving-chain (11), seeding driving-chain (24) and change speed gear box (4), power input shaft (17), power output shaft (3), drive pulley (22), driven pulley (23).Described seeding drive sprocket (21) and fertilizer drive sprocket (10) are separately fixed on land wheel (31) axle, it is positioned at the outside of two land wheels (31), imparts power to seeding driving-chain (24) by the traveling of land wheel (31) and fertilizer transmission connects (11)；Described seeding driving-chain (26) is arranged on frame (36) left side, and upper end is articulated on seeding output chain gear (26), and lower end is articulated on seeding drive sprocket (21)；Described seeding output chain gear (26) is arranged on the side driving axle of chain Shao Shiquzhong mechanism (35), described seeding output chain gear (26) and seeding drive sprocket (21) are vertically mounted on frame (36) left side up and down, carry out power conveying by seeding driving-chain (24)；Described fertilizer driving-chain (11) is arranged on the right side of frame (36), upper end is connected with the fertilizer output chain gear (12) on external roller type fertilizer distributor (28) axle, and lower end is connected with the fertilizer drive sprocket (10) on land wheel (31) axle；Described fertilizer output chain gear (12) is arranged on the axle of outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus (28) outside, and described fertilizer drive sprocket (10) and fertilizer output chain gear (12) are by fertilizer driving-chain (11) transmitting power；Described power input shaft (17) passes beneath from fertilizer can (27) and seeding box (2), it is arranged on the centre of frame (36), front end is connected with tractor, end is connected with change speed gear box (4), and from tractor, power is passed to change speed gear box (4)；Described change speed gear box (4) is fixedly mounted in frame (36), it is positioned at the rear side of seeding box (2), above being connected with power input shaft (17), left side is connected with power output shaft (3), changes size and the direction of transfer of power；Described power output shaft (3) is arranged in frame (36) by bearing, and right side is connected with change speed gear box (4), and left side is connected with drive pulley (22)；Described drive pulley (22) and driven pulley (23) are vertically mounted on the left side of frame (36) up and down, belt connect, transmitting power；Described driven pulley (23) right side is connected with rotary tillage, ridging device (5).
Described control system by information gathering part, modulates information process part, information output part divides and energy supply section forms.Information gathering part includes broadcast leakage judge module, position judging module, collects the signal of each detection sensor, and collected signal is sent to modulates information process part；Modulates information process part includes data acquisition modulation module, message processing module, and the analysis completing signal modulation process that information gathering part sends over and signal judges, after drawing processing mode, sends control signals to information output part and divides；Information output part divides and includes automatic compensating module, alarm indicator input module, automatically compensating and display alarm function of completion system design；Energy supply section is information gathering part, modulates information processes part and information output part divides and is powered.
Described broadcast leakage judge module belongs to information gathering part, is two pairs of laser-correlation sensors (1), and selected sensor is NPN type M12, and laser-correlation sensor (1) transmitting terminal, receiving terminal are all by 12V storage battery power supply；Laser-correlation sensor (1) receiving terminal is joined directly together by the data acquisition modulation module of signal data line Yu modulates information process part, is sent to the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer after signal processing；Two pairs of laser-correlation sensors (1) are vertically measured spacing correspondence according to test respectively up and down and are arranged on two sidewalls that Dao Zhong road (13) wall is relative, measuring spacing for having potato seed low limit level compbined test to obtain according to the empty spoon height of seeding spoon (38) and seeding spoon (38), installing space is the height distance determining whether potato seed；The seeding spoon (38) of process is measured by two pairs of laser-correlation sensors (1) in real time, the empty spoon height of seeding spoon (38) is less than two pairs of laser-correlation sensor (1) installing spaces, it is impossible to block two to laser-correlation sensor (1) signal simultaneously；When seeding spoon (38) moves from bottom to top, seeding spoon (38) first blocks lower pair of laser-correlation sensor (1) A1, signal triggers the cycle criterion program in control program, seeding spoon (38) continues up and blocks upper pair of laser-correlation sensor (1) A2, determining program detects whether now laser-correlation sensor (1) A1 is blocked signal at once, if now laser-correlation sensor (1) A1 signal is still blocked, plant spoon height more than installing space, namely seeding spoon (38) has potato seed；Laser-correlation sensor (1) A1 signal is not blocked, then plant spoon height less than installing space, namely without potato seed in seeding spoon (38).Thus judging in seeding spoon (38) with or without potato seed according to sensor signal.
Described position judging module is travel switch (25), belong to information gathering part, select ME8166 type angle position travel switch (25), travel switch (25) is joined directly together by signal data line and data acquisition modulation module, is sent to the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer after signal processing；Travel switch (25) is arranged in Dao Zhong road (13) against the upper end of two pairs of laser-correlation sensors (1), travel switch (25) touched by seeding spoon (38) every time, travel switch (25) one high level signal of output；Broadcast leakage judge module signal is sent to the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer and carries out the judgement time much smaller than seeding spoon (38) movement velocity, judge that travel switch (25) has started judgement effect after seeding spoon (38) is for empty spoon at broadcast leakage judge module signal, travel switch (25) high level signal is sent to the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer, namely determining the position of the empty spoon of seeding spoon (38) and acquisition starts time of reseeding, the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer sends signal controling stepping motor (14) and reseeds.
Described modulates information process part includes message processing module, the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer；Message processing module is joined directly together by the input pin of signal data line Yu the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer；Described message processing module is PT1301 DC boosting chip, and the signal being responsible for laser-correlation sensor (1) and travel switch (25) are exported carries out boosting process；Described single-chip minimum system is basic control information processing one-chip computer module.
The minimum control system of described single-chip microcomputer, 90C52RC control chip selected by single-chip microcomputer, and chip performance excellence is stable, cheap.
Described information output part divides and includes automatic compensating module, alarm indicator input module；Described automatic compensating module includes stepper motor driver, motor (14) and controls box (34)；The signal output pin of the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer connects stepper motor driver according to controlling the pulse signal drive stepping motor (14) that program produces by signal data line；57H114 type selected by described motor (14), is fixedly mounted on the outside compensating Seeding box (15), and motor (14) output shaft is connected with external recessing axle；Described control box (34) fixed installation fertilizer can (27) both the above compensates the middle part of Seeding box (15)；The minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer, stepper motor driver and alarm indicator input module are arranged in control box (34)；Described stepper motor driver selects DM542 type.Described alarm indicator input module is made up of relay indicating light, sound and light alarm sensor, input keyboard and display；Single-chip minimum system output pin connects control relay indicating light and acousto-optic alarm sensor by signal data line according to controlling program, and during system worked well, display lamp does not work, and otherwise, display lamp is red, and sound and light alarm sensor is reported to the police；The information such as the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer connects input keyboard and display by signal data line, by input keyboard, the parameter such as speed of drilling, sowing line-spacing in control program is configured amendment, display display broadcast leakage quantity.
Described energy supply section is responsible for powering to sensor, the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer and other correlation modules.
Described energy supply section selects two 12V storage battery power supplies.Two 12V accumulator series connection are motor (14) power supply for 24V voltage, selecting one of them accumulator is 12V voltage laser-correlation sensor power, and selecting one of them accumulator to be converted to 5V voltage by DC-DC voltage reduction module is the minimum control system power supply of single-chip microcomputer.
The DC decompression module that described DC-DC voltage reduction module selects model to be MP1584,12V voltage is converted to 5V voltage.
As shown in Figure 8, system broadcast leakage determining program flow process is as follows, powers on and first carries out hardware initialization, input through keyboard sowing parameter, complete sowing parameter setting, judge broadcast leakage information by laser-correlation sensor (1) A1, A2, broadcast leakage quantity is counted and shows, after position determined by travel switch (25), control system sends signal, after stepper motor driver receives instruction, perform corresponding instruction, by order-driven motor (14).
The work process of the present invention: this seeder is articulated on tractor, start tractor to advance, by drive mechanism, power is delivered separately to by land wheel (31) seeding driving-chain (24) and fertilizer driving-chain (11), make the upper reciprocal circulatory motion of chain Shao Shiquzhong mechanism (35), seeding spoon (38) thereon is not stopped, from seeding box (2), potato seed is transported to Dao Zhong road (13), and fertilizer distributor is also carried out fertilizer operation simultaneously；When seeding spoon (38) is when observation station is still in empty spoon motion, two pairs of laser-correlation sensors (1) are blocked by seeding spoon (38) respectively and are subject to signal blocker, minimum control system is judged in seeding spoon without potato seed by laser-correlation sensor disabling signal, minimum control system sends signal controling stepping motor driver drives motor (14) and rotates, motor (14) drives the external feed (33) compensated in seeding box (15) to rotate 90 degree, broadcast potato seed and compensate to the previous seeding spoon (38) of idle discharge kind spoon, realize without broadcast leakage, carry out earthing ridging immediately, film coating operation.
Claims (1)
1. reseed formula Sowing machine for potatoes for one kind, it is characterised in that include the running gear being fixed in frame, compensation dispenser, fertilizer distributor, rotary tillage, ridging device, film covering device, drive mechanism and control system；
Described running gear is made up of two land wheels, and two land wheels are connected by axletree, and land wheel is arranged on below frame, for frames and the traveling driving facility；
Described compensation dispenser is respectively symmetrically and is arranged on stands longitudinal central axis both sides；Each compensation dispenser includes chain Shao Shiquzhong mechanism, seeding box, Dao Zhong road, support, compensation Seeding box, external recessing, compensation slideway and row-planting opener；
Described seeding box is arranged in frame, is provided with the bottom hole of taper bottom seeding box；Described upper end, Dao Zhong road is arranged in frame, bottom, Dao Zhong road and seeding box bottom hole vertical connection；Described chain Shao Shiquzhong mechanism includes seeding spoon, elevating chain, square plate and sprocket wheel；Elevating chain is arranged on Dao Zhong road inwall by sprocket wheel is mobilizable ringwise, equidistant on elevating chain is provided with multiple seeding spoon, and seeding spoon takes kind along with elevating chain upper and lower shuttling movement in Dao Zhong road；A square plate it is connected with bottom described seeding spoon；Seeding spoon moves from bottom to top with elevating chain, enters seeding box via conical chamber bottom outlet, dips the potato seed in seeding box；Described compensate Seeding box be arranged on fertilizer can just above, compensate the bottom hole being provided with taper bottom Seeding box；Described external recessing is arranged on the bottom compensating Seeding box, and the axle of external recessing extends to compensation Seeding box outside and is connected with motor through the bottom hole compensating Seeding box；The sowing port of external recessing connects with Dao Zhong road by compensating slideway, in order to complete to compensate the landing of potato seed；Described row-planting opener is connected in the side of frame front end disk coulter, is positioned at same perpendicular before and after row-planting opener and described elevating chain；
Described fertilizer distributor includes disk coulter, fertilizer can, outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus, defertilizing tube, fertilizer assembly and fertilizer shovel；Described disk coulter and fertilizer shovel are all connected on the central axis of front end frame of frame, and fertilizer shovel is positioned on rear side of disk coulter, and both coordinate the ditching operation in order to complete fertilizer；Described fertilizer can is arranged in frame with seeding box next-door neighbour；Pyramid type opening it is provided with bottom fertilizer can；Being provided with two outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus in each fertilizer can, each outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus is connected with the pyramid type opening bottom fertilizer can respectively, is respectively connected with a defertilizing tube below each pyramid type opening；Outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus is connected with the fertilizer driving-chain outside frame by axle, and outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus is driven by fertilizer driving-chain, and fertilizer is multicast to defertilizing tube；Described fertilizer assembly is fixedly mounted in the middle of frame；Defertilizing tube is respectively symmetrically and is distributed in frame central axis both sides；Defertilizing tube upper end respectively with fertilizer can bottom pyramid type open communication, its lower end all connects with fertilizer assembly；Described fertilizer shovel is positioned at the lower end of fertilizer assembly；
Described rotary tillage, ridging device is positioned on rear side of land wheel, and its one end is arranged in frame by bearing, and the other end is connected through the bearing in frame with driven pulley, and described rotary tillage, ridging device is by driven pulley transmitting power；
Described film covering device includes plastic foil support, press mold bucket, pressing wheel and covering blade；Described pressing wheel and covering blade are separately mounted in the frame of the symmetrical both sides of stands longitudinal central axis；Described plastic foil support, press mold bucket, pressing wheel and covering blade are sequentially arranged in rotary tillage, ridging device frame below；Rotary tillage, ridging device is to the kind ditch earthing ridging with potato seed and fertilizer, plastic foil is articulated on plastic foil support, and plastic foil is flattened on ridge by press mold bucket, and pressing wheel compresses the both sides of plastic foil, being covered by plastic foil on face, ridge, covering blade is dug the soil of furrow and is covered plastic foil both sides；
Described drive mechanism includes seeding drive sprocket, fertilizer drive sprocket, seeding output chain gear, fertilizer output chain gear, fertilizer driving-chain, seeding driving-chain, change speed gear box, power input shaft, power output shaft, drive pulley and driven pulley；Described seeding drive sprocket and fertilizer drive sprocket are separately fixed on the axletree of left and right land wheel, are imparted power to seeding driving-chain and fertilizer driving-chain by the traveling of land wheel；Described seeding driving-chain is arranged on the right side of frame, and its upper end is articulated on seeding output chain gear, and lower end is articulated on seeding drive sprocket；Described seeding output chain gear is arranged on the side of external recessing axle；Described seeding output chain gear and seeding drive sprocket are vertically mounted on the left of frame up and down, carry out power conveying by seeding driving-chain；Described fertilizer driving-chain is arranged on the right side of frame, and its upper end is connected with the fertilizer output chain gear on outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus axle, and lower end is connected with the fertilizer drive sprocket on land axle；Described fertilizer output chain gear is arranged on the axle outside outer groove-wheel fertilizer apparatus, and described fertilizer drive sprocket and fertilizer output chain gear are by fertilizer driving-chain transmitting power；Described power input shaft passes beneath from fertilizer can and seeding box, is arranged on the centre of frame；Power input shaft front end is connected with tractor, and end is connected with change speed gear box, and from tractor, power is passed to change speed gear box；Described change speed gear box is fixedly mounted in frame, is positioned at the rear side of seeding box；Change speed gear box is connected with power output shaft, changes the direction of transfer of power；Described power output shaft is arranged in frame by bearing, and right side is connected with change speed gear box, is connected with drive pulley on the left of power output shaft；Described drive pulley and driven pulley are vertically mounted on the left side of frame up and down and are connected by belt；
Described control system includes information gathering part, modulates information process part, information output part divides and energy supply section forms；Information gathering part includes broadcast leakage judge module, position judging module, for collecting the signal of each detection sensor, and collected signal is sent to modulates information process part；Described modulates information process part includes data acquisition modulation module, message processing module, and the analysis completing signal modulation process that information gathering part sends over and signal judges, after drawing processing mode, sends control signals to information output part and divides；Information output part divides and includes automatic compensating module, alarm indicator input module, automatically compensating and display alarm function of completion system design；Energy supply section is information gathering part, modulates information processes part and information output part divides and is powered；
Described broadcast leakage judge module is two pairs of laser-correlation sensors；Laser-correlation sensor receiving terminal is joined directly together by the data acquisition modulation module of signal data line Yu modulates information process part, is sent to the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer after signal processing；Two pairs of laser-correlation sensor vertical correspondences up and down are arranged on two sidewalls that Dao Zhong road is internal relative；
Described position judging module is travel switch, and travel switch is joined directly together by signal data line and data acquisition modulation module, is sent to the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer after signal processing；Travel switch is arranged on the upper end in Dao Zhong road against two pairs of laser-correlation sensors, and travel switch touched by seeding spoon every time, travel switch one high level signal of output；
Described modulates information process part includes message processing module, the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer；Message processing module is joined directly together by the input pin of signal data line Yu the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer；
Described information output part divides and includes automatic compensating module, alarm indicator input module；Described automatic compensating module includes stepper motor driver, motor and control box；The signal output pin of the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer connects stepping electrical equipment driver according to controlling the pulse signal drive stepping motor that program produces by signal data line；Described motor is fixedly mounted on the outside compensating Seeding box, and stepper motor output shaft is connected with external recessing axle；The described box fixed installation fertilizer can both the above that controls compensates the middle part of seeding box；The minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer, stepper motor driver and alarm indicator input module are arranged in control box；Described alarm indicator input module is made up of relay indicating light, sound and light alarm sensor, input keyboard and display；The minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer connects input keyboard and display by signal data line, by input keyboard, speed of drilling, sowing line-spacing parameter in control program is configured amendment, display display broadcast leakage quantity information；
Described energy supply section is powered to laser-correlation sensor, the minimum control system of single-chip microcomputer and other correlation modules.
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| CN105325095B (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2017-09-29 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of potato marking apparatus and a kind of potato sowing device |
| CN105284226B (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2017-07-07 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of potato broadcast leakage detection means and a kind of potato sowing device |
| CN106888636B (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2020-08-04 | 四川农业大学 | Precise seed sowing device |
| CN105830570B (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2018-03-09 | 安向阳 | Potato seeding plough |
| CN106688397A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-24 | 长安大学 | Seeder with adjustable spreading volume and using method |
| CN106879287B (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2023-04-25 | 甘肃农业大学 | One-way clutch type seeding and reseeding integrated potato planter |
| CN108781657B (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2020-07-31 | 中国农业机械化科学研究院 | Potato planter and miss-seeding detection method and detection device thereof |
| CN107667585A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-02-09 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of Sowing machine for potatoes of efficiently seeding |
| CN107703831B (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2024-03-19 | 青岛农业大学 | Missing seeding detection-reseeding system, potato missing seeding detection-reseeding integrated control system and method thereof |
| CN107750550B (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2023-05-26 | 山东理工大学 | Intelligent reseeding device of potato seed metering device |
| CN109168473B (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2020-04-14 | 河北农业大学 | Take orienting device's walnut intelligent seeder |
| CN110583174A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2019-12-20 | 昆明理工大学 | Hand propelled scutellaria baicalensis seeder with electronic detection device |
| CN111083968B (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2021-11-26 | 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 | Precision seeding device and method for seeding quantity compensation |
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